Improve tests

Improve error message
Remove dead code
2026-05-09 15:20:28 +00:00 · 2026-05-08 19:16:48 +01:00 · 2026-05-08 19:16:47 +01:00 · 2026-05-08 19:16:46 +01:00 · 2026-05-08 19:14:05 +01:00 · 2026-05-08 19:14:05 +01:00
89 changed files with 23882 additions and 302586 deletions
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name: "CodeQL config"
-queries: 
+queries:
  - name: Run custom queries
    uses: ./queries
  # Run all extra query suites, both because we want to
@@ -13,3 +13,5 @@ queries:
 paths-ignore:
  - lib
  - tests
+  - "**/*.test.ts"
+  - "**/testing-util.ts"
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ jobs:
          use-all-platform-bundle: 'false'
          setup-kotlin: 'true'
      - name: Set up Ruby
-        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@4c56a21280b36d862b5fc31348f463d60bdc55d5 # v1.301.0
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@c4e5b1316158f92e3d49443a9d58b31d25ac0f8f # v1.306.0
        with:
          ruby-version: 2.6
      - name: Install Code Scanning integration
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# Workflow runs on main, on a release branch, and that were triggered as part of a merge group have
+# already passed CI before being merged. Therefore if they fail, we should make sure that there
+# wasn't a transient failure by rerunning the failed jobs once before investigating further.
+name: Deflake
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    types: [completed]
+    # Exclude workflows that have significant side effects, like publishing releases. It's OK to
+    # retry CodeQL analysis.
+    workflows:
+      - Check Expected Release Files
+      - Code-Scanning config CLI tests
+      - CodeQL action
+      - Manual Check - go
+      - "PR Check - All-platform bundle"
+      - "PR Check - Analysis kinds"
+      - "PR Check - Analyze: 'ref' and 'sha' from inputs"
+      - "PR Check - autobuild-action"
+      - "PR Check - Autobuild direct tracing (custom working directory)"
+      - "PR Check - Autobuild working directory"
+      - "PR Check - Build mode autobuild"
+      - "PR Check - Build mode manual"
+      - "PR Check - Build mode none"
+      - "PR Check - Build mode rollback"
+      - "PR Check - Bundle: Caching checks"
+      - "PR Check - Bundle: From nightly"
+      - "PR Check - Bundle: From toolcache"
+      - "PR Check - Bundle: Zstandard checks"
+      - "PR Check - C/C\\+\\+: autoinstalling dependencies (Linux)"
+      - "PR Check - C/C\\+\\+: autoinstalling dependencies is skipped (macOS)"
+      - "PR Check - C/C\\+\\+: disabling autoinstalling dependencies (Linux)"
+      - "PR Check - Clean up database cluster directory"
+      - "PR Check - CodeQL Bundle All"
+      - "PR Check - Config export"
+      - "PR Check - Config input"
+      - "PR Check - Custom source root"
+      - "PR Check - Debug artifact upload"
+      - "PR Check - Debug artifacts after failure"
+      - "PR Check - Diagnostic export"
+      - "PR Check - Export file baseline information"
+      - "PR Check - Extractor ram and threads options test"
+      - "PR Check - Go: Custom queries"
+      - "PR Check - Go: diagnostic when Go is changed after init step"
+      - "PR Check - Go: diagnostic when `file` is not installed"
+      - "PR Check - Go: tracing with autobuilder step"
+      - "PR Check - Go: tracing with custom build steps"
+      - "PR Check - Go: tracing with legacy workflow"
+      - "PR Check - Go: workaround for indirect tracing"
+      - "PR Check - Job run UUID added to SARIF"
+      - "PR Check - Language aliases"
+      - "PR Check - Local CodeQL bundle"
+      - "PR Check - Multi-language repository"
+      - "PR Check - Overlay database init fallback"
+      - "PR Check - Packaging: Action input"
+      - "PR Check - Packaging: Config and input"
+      - "PR Check - Packaging: Config and input passed to the CLI"
+      - "PR Check - Packaging: Config file"
+      - "PR Check - Packaging: Download using registries"
+      - "PR Check - Proxy test"
+      - "PR Check - Remote config file"
+      - "PR Check - Resolve environment"
+      - "PR Check - RuboCop multi-language"
+      - "PR Check - Ruby analysis"
+      - "PR Check - Rust analysis"
+      - "PR Check - Split workflow"
+      - "PR Check - Start proxy"
+      - "PR Check - Submit SARIF after failure"
+      - "PR Check - Swift analysis using a custom build command"
+      - "PR Check - Swift analysis using autobuild"
+      - "PR Check - Test different uses of `upload-sarif`"
+      - "PR Check - Test unsetting environment variables"
+      - "PR Check - Upload-sarif: ref and sha from inputs"
+      - "PR Check - Use a custom `checkout_path`"
+      - PR Checks
+      - Query filters tests
+      - Test that the workaround for python 3.12 on windows works
+
+jobs:
+  rerun-on-failure:
+    name: Rerun failed jobs
+    if: >-
+      github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'failure' &&
+      github.event.workflow_run.run_attempt == 1 &&
+      (
+        github.event.workflow_run.head_branch == 'main' ||
+        startsWith(github.event.workflow_run.head_branch, 'releases/') ||
+        github.event.workflow_run.event == 'merge_group'
+      )
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      actions: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Rerun failed jobs in ${{ github.event.workflow_run.name }}
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
+          RUN_ID: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          RUN_NAME: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.name }}
+          RUN_URL: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.html_url }}
+        run: |
+          echo "Rerunning failed jobs for workflow run ${RUN_ID}"
+          gh run rerun "${RUN_ID}" --failed
+          echo "### Reran failed jobs :recycle:" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          echo "" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          echo "Workflow: [${RUN_NAME}](${RUN_URL})" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
@@ -63,13 +63,10 @@ jobs:
        with:
          tools: https://github.com/github/codeql-action/releases/download/${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}/codeql-bundle-linux64.tar.gz

-      - name: Update language aliases
+      - name: Update built-in languages
+        run: npx tsx pr-checks/update-builtin-languages.ts "$CODEQL_PATH"
        env:
          CODEQL_PATH: ${{ steps.setup-codeql.outputs.codeql-path }}
-        run: |
-          "$CODEQL_PATH" resolve languages --format=betterjson --extractor-include-aliases \
-            | jq -S '.aliases // {}' \
-            > src/known-language-aliases.json

      - name: Bump Action minor version if new CodeQL minor version series
        id: bump-action-version
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
    "scope": "javascript, typescript",
    "prefix": "testMacro",
    "body": [
-      "const ${1:nameMacro} = test.macro({",
+      "const ${1:nameMacro} = makeMacro({",
      "  exec: async (t: ExecutionContext<unknown>) => {},",
      "",
      "  title: (providedTitle = \"\") => `${2:common title} - \\${providedTitle}`,",
@@ -2,6 +2,22 @@

 See the [releases page](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/releases) for the relevant changes to the CodeQL CLI and language packs.

+## [UNRELEASED]
+
+- Added an experimental change which, when running a Code Scanning analysis for a PR with [improved incremental analysis](https://github.com/github/roadmap/issues/1158) enabled, prefers CodeQL CLI versions that have a cached overlay-base database for the configured languages. This speeds up analysis for a repository when there is not yet a cached overlay-base database for the latest CLI version. We expect to roll this change out to everyone in May. [#3880](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/pull/3880)
+
+## 4.35.4 - 07 May 2026
+
+- Update default CodeQL bundle version to [2.25.4](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/releases/tag/codeql-bundle-v2.25.4). [#3881](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/pull/3881)
+
+## 4.35.3 - 01 May 2026
+
+- _Upcoming breaking change_: Add a deprecation warning for customers using CodeQL version 2.19.3 and earlier. These versions of CodeQL were discontinued on 9 April 2026 alongside GitHub Enterprise Server 3.15, and will be unsupported by the next minor release of the CodeQL Action. [#3837](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/pull/3837)
+- Configurations for private registries that use Cloudsmith or GCP OIDC are now accepted. [#3850](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/pull/3850)
+- Best-effort connection tests for private registries now use `GET` requests instead of `HEAD` for better compatibility with various registry implementations. For NuGet feeds, the test is now always performed against the service index. [#3853](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/pull/3853)
+- Fixed a bug where two diagnostics produced within the same millisecond could overwrite each other on disk, causing one of them to be lost. [#3852](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/pull/3852)
+- Update default CodeQL bundle version to [2.25.3](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/releases/tag/codeql-bundle-v2.25.3). [#3865](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/pull/3865)
+
 ## 4.35.2 - 15 Apr 2026

 - The undocumented TRAP cache cleanup feature that could be enabled using the `CODEQL_ACTION_CLEANUP_TRAP_CACHES` environment variable is deprecated and will be removed in May 2026. If you are affected by this, we recommend disabling TRAP caching by passing the `trap-caching: false` input to the `init` Action. [#3795](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/pull/3795)
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ We typically release new minor versions of the CodeQL Action and Bundle when a n

 | Minimum CodeQL Action | Minimum CodeQL Bundle Version | GitHub Environment | Notes |
 |-----------------------|-------------------------------|--------------------|-------|
+| `v4.33.0` | `2.24.3` | Enterprise Server 3.21 | |
 | `v4.31.10` | `2.23.9` | Enterprise Server 3.20 | |
 | `v3.29.11` | `2.22.4` | Enterprise Server 3.19 | |
 | `v3.28.21` | `2.21.3` | Enterprise Server 3.18 | |
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
-  "bundleVersion": "codeql-bundle-v2.25.2",
-  "cliVersion": "2.25.2",
-  "priorBundleVersion": "codeql-bundle-v2.25.1",
-  "priorCliVersion": "2.25.1"
+  "bundleVersion": "codeql-bundle-v2.25.4",
+  "cliVersion": "2.25.4",
+  "priorBundleVersion": "codeql-bundle-v2.25.3",
+  "priorCliVersion": "2.25.3"
 }
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
  "name": "codeql",
-  "version": "4.35.2",
+  "version": "4.35.5",
  "lockfileVersion": 3,
  "requires": true,
  "packages": {
    "": {
      "name": "codeql",
-      "version": "4.35.2",
+      "version": "4.35.5",
      "license": "MIT",
      "workspaces": [
        "pr-checks"
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
        "@octokit/plugin-retry": "^8.1.0",
        "archiver": "^7.0.1",
        "fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.3",
-        "follow-redirects": "^1.15.11",
+        "follow-redirects": "^1.16.0",
        "get-folder-size": "^5.0.0",
        "https-proxy-agent": "^7.0.6",
        "js-yaml": "^4.1.1",
@@ -33,35 +33,35 @@
        "long": "^5.3.2",
        "node-forge": "^1.4.0",
        "semver": "^7.7.4",
-        "uuid": "^13.0.0"
+        "uuid": "^14.0.0"
      },
      "devDependencies": {
-        "@ava/typescript": "6.0.0",
-        "@eslint/compat": "^2.0.4",
+        "@ava/typescript": "7.0.0",
+        "@eslint/compat": "^2.0.5",
        "@microsoft/eslint-formatter-sarif": "^3.1.0",
        "@octokit/types": "^16.0.0",
        "@types/archiver": "^7.0.0",
        "@types/follow-redirects": "^1.14.4",
        "@types/js-yaml": "^4.0.9",
-        "@types/node": "^20.19.9",
+        "@types/node": "^20.19.39",
        "@types/node-forge": "^1.3.14",
        "@types/sarif": "^2.1.7",
        "@types/semver": "^7.7.1",
        "@types/sinon": "^21.0.1",
        "ava": "^7.0.0",
        "esbuild": "^0.28.0",
-        "eslint": "^9.39.2",
-        "eslint-import-resolver-typescript": "^3.8.7",
+        "eslint": "^9.39.4",
+        "eslint-import-resolver-typescript": "^4.4.4",
        "eslint-plugin-github": "^6.0.0",
        "eslint-plugin-import-x": "^4.16.2",
        "eslint-plugin-jsdoc": "^62.9.0",
        "eslint-plugin-no-async-foreach": "^0.1.1",
        "glob": "^11.1.0",
-        "globals": "^17.4.0",
+        "globals": "^17.5.0",
        "nock": "^14.0.12",
-        "sinon": "^21.0.3",
-        "typescript": "^6.0.2",
-        "typescript-eslint": "^8.58.0"
+        "sinon": "^21.1.2",
+        "typescript": "^6.0.3",
+        "typescript-eslint": "^8.59.1"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@aashutoshrathi/word-wrap": {
@@ -410,15 +410,6 @@
        "undici": "^6.23.0"
      }
    },
-    "node_modules/@actions/github/node_modules/undici": {
-      "version": "6.23.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undici/-/undici-6.23.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-VfQPToRA5FZs/qJxLIinmU59u0r7LXqoJkCzinq3ckNJp3vKEh7jTWN589YQ5+aoAC/TGRLyJLCPKcLQbM8r9g==",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18.17"
-      }
-    },
    "node_modules/@actions/glob": {
      "version": "0.5.1",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@actions/glob/-/glob-0.5.1.tgz",
@@ -439,15 +430,6 @@
        "undici": "^6.23.0"
      }
    },
-    "node_modules/@actions/http-client/node_modules/undici": {
-      "version": "6.23.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undici/-/undici-6.23.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-VfQPToRA5FZs/qJxLIinmU59u0r7LXqoJkCzinq3ckNJp3vKEh7jTWN589YQ5+aoAC/TGRLyJLCPKcLQbM8r9g==",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18.17"
-      }
-    },
    "node_modules/@actions/io": {
      "version": "2.0.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@actions/io/-/io-2.0.0.tgz",
@@ -468,16 +450,17 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@ava/typescript": {
-      "version": "6.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@ava/typescript/-/typescript-6.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-+8oDYc4J5cCaWZh1VUbyc+cegGplJO9FqHpqR4LVAVx8fRLVRaYlC4yyA6cqHJ1vWP23Ff/ECS5U68Zz6OLZlg==",
+      "version": "7.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@ava/typescript/-/typescript-7.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0ktzq4/9ya2QoAuVWzl3McpLV9W//Tj+oMonQ4ucgm5l6tQ46aaju/rJL9kzeY5MkG6wzXvFt/MmaLqf9uNC9w==",
      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
        "escape-string-regexp": "^5.0.0",
-        "execa": "^9.6.0"
+        "execa": "^9.6.1"
      },
      "engines": {
-        "node": "^20.8 || ^22 || >=24"
+        "node": "^22.20 || ^24.12 || >=25"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@ava/typescript/node_modules/escape-string-regexp": {
@@ -1333,13 +1316,13 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@eslint/compat": {
-      "version": "2.0.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/compat/-/compat-2.0.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-o598tCGstJv9Kk4XapwP+oDij9HD9Qr3V37ABzTfdzVvbFciV+sfg9zSW6olj6G/IXj7p89SwSzPnZ+JUEPIPg==",
+      "version": "2.0.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/compat/-/compat-2.0.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-IbHDbHJfkVNv6xjlET8AIVo/K1NQt7YT4Rp6ok/clyBGcpRx1l6gv0Rq3vBvYfPJIZt6ODf66Zq08FJNDpnzgg==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "Apache-2.0",
      "dependencies": {
-        "@eslint/core": "^1.2.0"
+        "@eslint/core": "^1.2.1"
      },
      "engines": {
        "node": "^20.19.0 || ^22.13.0 || >=24"
@@ -1354,15 +1337,15 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@eslint/config-array": {
-      "version": "0.21.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/config-array/-/config-array-0.21.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-aw1gNayWpdI/jSYVgzN5pL0cfzU02GT3NBpeT/DXbx1/1x7ZKxFPd9bwrzygx/qiwIQiJ1sw/zD8qY/kRvlGHA==",
+      "version": "0.21.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/config-array/-/config-array-0.21.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-nJl2KGTlrf9GjLimgIru+V/mzgSK0ABCDQRvxw5BjURL7WfH5uoWmizbH7QB6MmnMBd8cIC9uceWnezL1VZWWw==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "Apache-2.0",
      "dependencies": {
        "@eslint/object-schema": "^2.1.7",
        "debug": "^4.3.1",
-        "minimatch": "^3.1.2"
+        "minimatch": "^3.1.5"
      },
      "engines": {
        "node": "^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0"
@@ -1408,20 +1391,20 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@eslint/eslintrc": {
-      "version": "3.3.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/eslintrc/-/eslintrc-3.3.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Kr+LPIUVKz2qkx1HAMH8q1q6azbqBAsXJUxBl/ODDuVPX45Z9DfwB8tPjTi6nNZ8BuM3nbJxC5zCAg5elnBUTQ==",
+      "version": "3.3.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/eslintrc/-/eslintrc-3.3.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4IlJx0X0qftVsN5E+/vGujTRIFtwuLbNsVUe7TO6zYPDR1O6nFwvwhIKEKSrl6dZchmYBITazxKoUYOjdtjlRg==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
-        "ajv": "^6.12.4",
+        "ajv": "^6.14.0",
        "debug": "^4.3.2",
        "espree": "^10.0.1",
        "globals": "^14.0.0",
        "ignore": "^5.2.0",
        "import-fresh": "^3.2.1",
        "js-yaml": "^4.1.1",
-        "minimatch": "^3.1.2",
+        "minimatch": "^3.1.5",
        "strip-json-comments": "^3.1.1"
      },
      "engines": {
@@ -1444,9 +1427,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@eslint/js": {
-      "version": "9.39.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/js/-/js-9.39.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-q1mjIoW1VX4IvSocvM/vbTiveKC4k9eLrajNEuSsmjymSDEbpGddtpfOoN7YGAqBK3NG+uqo8ia4PDTt8buCYA==",
+      "version": "9.39.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/js/-/js-9.39.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-nE7DEIchvtiFTwBw4Lfbu59PG+kCofhjsKaCWzxTpt4lfRjRMqG6uMBzKXuEcyXhOHoUp9riAm7/aWYGhXZ9cw==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
      "engines": {
@@ -1493,14 +1476,6 @@
        "node": "^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0"
      }
    },
-    "node_modules/@fastify/busboy": {
-      "version": "2.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@fastify/busboy/-/busboy-2.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-vBZP4NlzfOlerQTnba4aqZoMhE/a9HY7HRqoOPaETQcSQuWEIyZMHGfVu6w9wGtGK5fED5qRs2DteVCjOH60sA==",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=14"
-      }
-    },
    "node_modules/@github/browserslist-config": {
      "version": "1.0.0",
      "dev": true,
@@ -1988,6 +1963,18 @@
        "@tybys/wasm-util": "^0.10.0"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/@nodable/entities": {
+      "version": "2.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@nodable/entities/-/entities-2.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-nyT7T3nbMyBI/lvr6L5TyWbFJAI9FTgVRakNoBqCD+PmID8DzFrrNdLLtHMwMszOtqZa8PAOV24ZqDnQrhQINA==",
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/nodable"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
    "node_modules/@nodelib/fs.scandir": {
      "version": "2.1.5",
      "dev": true,
@@ -2020,15 +2007,6 @@
        "node": ">= 8"
      }
    },
-    "node_modules/@nolyfill/is-core-module": {
-      "version": "1.0.39",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@nolyfill/is-core-module/-/is-core-module-1.0.39.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-nn5ozdjYQpUCZlWGuxcJY/KpxkWQs4DcbMCmKojjyrYDEAGy4Ce19NN4v5MduafTwJlbKc99UA8YhSVqq9yPZA==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=12.4.0"
-      }
-    },
    "node_modules/@octokit/auth-token": {
      "version": "6.0.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@octokit/auth-token/-/auth-token-6.0.0.tgz",
@@ -2362,7 +2340,8 @@
      "version": "0.4.1",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@sec-ant/readable-stream/-/readable-stream-0.4.1.tgz",
      "integrity": "sha512-831qok9r2t8AlxLko40y2ebgSDhenenCatLVeW/uBtnHPyhHOvG0C7TvfgecV+wHzIm5KUICgzmVpWS+IMEAeg==",
-      "dev": true
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
    },
    "node_modules/@sindresorhus/base62": {
      "version": "1.0.0",
@@ -2400,9 +2379,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@sinonjs/fake-timers": {
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@@ -8532,17 +8510,16 @@
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-        "diff": "^8.0.3",
-        "supports-color": "^7.2.0"
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+      "license": "MIT",
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@@ -8863,9 +8834,9 @@
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@@ -8988,15 +8959,6 @@
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@@ -9811,9 +9773,9 @@
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-6.0.3.tgz",
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@@ -9825,16 +9787,16 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript-eslint/-/typescript-eslint-8.58.0.tgz",
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+      "version": "8.59.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript-eslint/-/typescript-eslint-8.59.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-xqDcFVBmlrltH64lklOVp1wYxgJr6LVdg3NamBgH2OOQDLFdTKfIZXF5PfghrnXQKXZGTQs8tr1vL7fJvq8CTQ==",
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-        "@typescript-eslint/parser": "8.58.0",
-        "@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree": "8.58.0",
-        "@typescript-eslint/utils": "8.58.0"
+        "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "8.59.1",
+        "@typescript-eslint/parser": "8.59.1",
+        "@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree": "8.59.1",
+        "@typescript-eslint/utils": "8.59.1"
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@@ -9868,14 +9830,12 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undici/-/undici-5.29.0.tgz",
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-      "dependencies": {
-        "@fastify/busboy": "^2.0.0"
-      },
+      "version": "6.24.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undici/-/undici-6.24.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sC+b0tB1whOCzbtlx20fx3WgCXwkW627p4EA9uM+/tNNPkSS+eSEld6pAs9nDv7WbY1UUljBMYPtu9BCOrCWKA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=14.0"
+        "node": ">=18.17"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/undici-types": {
@@ -9890,6 +9850,7 @@
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      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
      "engines": {
        "node": ">=18"
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@@ -9999,9 +9960,9 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uuid/-/uuid-13.0.0.tgz",
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+      "version": "14.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uuid/-/uuid-14.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Qo+uWgilfSmAhXCMav1uYFynlQO7fMFiMVZsQqZRMIXp0O7rR7qjkj+cPvBHLgBqi960QCoo/PH2/6ZtVqKvrg==",
      "funding": [
        "https://github.com/sponsors/broofa",
        "https://github.com/sponsors/ctavan"
@@ -10393,10 +10354,11 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yoctocolors/-/yoctocolors-2.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-GQHQqAopRhwU8Kt1DDM8NjibDXHC8eoh1erhGAJPEyveY9qqVeXvVikNKrDz69sHowPMorbPUrH/mx8c50eiBQ==",
+      "version": "2.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yoctocolors/-/yoctocolors-2.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-CzhO+pFNo8ajLM2d2IW/R93ipy99LWjtwblvC1RsoSUMZgyLbYFr221TnSNT7GjGdYui6P459mw9JH/g/zW2ug==",
      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
      "engines": {
        "node": ">=18"
      },
@@ -10428,7 +10390,7 @@
        "yaml": "^2.8.3"
      },
      "devDependencies": {
-        "@types/node": "^20.19.9",
+        "@types/node": "^20.19.39",
        "tsx": "^4.21.0"
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    }
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 {
  "name": "codeql",
-  "version": "4.35.2",
+  "version": "4.35.5",
  "private": true,
  "description": "CodeQL action",
  "scripts": {
    "_build_comment": "echo 'Run the full build so we typecheck the project and can reuse the transpiled files in npm test'",
-    "build": "./scripts/check-node-modules.sh && npm run transpile && node build.mjs && npx tsx ./pr-checks/bundle-metadata.ts",
+    "build": "./scripts/check-node-modules.sh && npm run transpile && node build.mjs",
    "lint": "eslint --report-unused-disable-directives --max-warnings=0 .",
    "lint-ci": "SARIF_ESLINT_IGNORE_SUPPRESSED=true eslint --report-unused-disable-directives --max-warnings=0 . --format @microsoft/eslint-formatter-sarif --output-file=eslint.sarif",
    "lint-fix": "eslint --report-unused-disable-directives --max-warnings=0 . --fix",
    "ava": "npm run transpile && ava --verbose",
    "test": "npm run ava -- src/",
    "test-debug": "npm run test -- --timeout=20m",
-    "transpile": "tsc --build --verbose"
+    "transpile": "tsc --build --verbose tsconfig.json"
  },
  "license": "MIT",
  "workspaces": [
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
    "@octokit/plugin-retry": "^8.1.0",
    "archiver": "^7.0.1",
    "fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.3",
-    "follow-redirects": "^1.15.11",
+    "follow-redirects": "^1.16.0",
    "get-folder-size": "^5.0.0",
    "https-proxy-agent": "^7.0.6",
    "js-yaml": "^4.1.1",
@@ -40,35 +40,35 @@
    "long": "^5.3.2",
    "node-forge": "^1.4.0",
    "semver": "^7.7.4",
-    "uuid": "^13.0.0"
+    "uuid": "^14.0.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@ava/typescript": "6.0.0",
-    "@eslint/compat": "^2.0.4",
+    "@ava/typescript": "7.0.0",
+    "@eslint/compat": "^2.0.5",
    "@microsoft/eslint-formatter-sarif": "^3.1.0",
    "@octokit/types": "^16.0.0",
    "@types/archiver": "^7.0.0",
    "@types/follow-redirects": "^1.14.4",
    "@types/js-yaml": "^4.0.9",
-    "@types/node": "^20.19.9",
+    "@types/node": "^20.19.39",
    "@types/node-forge": "^1.3.14",
    "@types/sarif": "^2.1.7",
    "@types/semver": "^7.7.1",
    "@types/sinon": "^21.0.1",
    "ava": "^7.0.0",
    "esbuild": "^0.28.0",
-    "eslint": "^9.39.2",
-    "eslint-import-resolver-typescript": "^3.8.7",
+    "eslint": "^9.39.4",
+    "eslint-import-resolver-typescript": "^4.4.4",
    "eslint-plugin-github": "^6.0.0",
    "eslint-plugin-import-x": "^4.16.2",
    "eslint-plugin-jsdoc": "^62.9.0",
    "eslint-plugin-no-async-foreach": "^0.1.1",
    "glob": "^11.1.0",
-    "globals": "^17.4.0",
+    "globals": "^17.5.0",
    "nock": "^14.0.12",
-    "sinon": "^21.0.3",
-    "typescript": "^6.0.2",
-    "typescript-eslint": "^8.58.0"
+    "sinon": "^21.1.2",
+    "typescript": "^6.0.3",
+    "typescript-eslint": "^8.59.1"
  },
  "overrides": {
    "@actions/tool-cache": {
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@
      "semver": ">=6.3.1"
    },
    "brace-expansion@2.0.1": "2.0.2",
-    "glob": "^11.1.0"
+    "glob": "^11.1.0",
+    "undici": "^6.24.0"
  }
 }
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ versions:
  - default
 steps:
  - name: Set up Ruby
-    uses: ruby/setup-ruby@4c56a21280b36d862b5fc31348f463d60bdc55d5 # v1.301.0
+    uses: ruby/setup-ruby@c4e5b1316158f92e3d49443a9d58b31d25ac0f8f # v1.306.0
    with:
      ruby-version: 2.6
  - name: Install Code Scanning integration
@@ -11,3 +11,13 @@ export const PR_CHECK_EXCLUDED_FILE = path.join(PR_CHECKS_DIR, "excluded.yml");

 /** The path to the esbuild metadata file. */
 export const BUNDLE_METADATA_FILE = path.join(PR_CHECKS_DIR, "..", "meta.json");
+
+/** The `src` directory. */
+const SOURCE_ROOT = path.join(PR_CHECKS_DIR, "..", "src");
+
+/** The path to the built-in languages file. */
+export const BUILTIN_LANGUAGES_FILE = path.join(
+  SOURCE_ROOT,
+  "languages",
+  "builtin.json",
+);
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
    "yaml": "^2.8.3"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@types/node": "^20.19.9",
+    "@types/node": "^20.19.39",
    "tsx": "^4.21.0"
  }
 }
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import * as path from "path";

 import * as yaml from "yaml";

-import { KnownLanguage } from "../src/languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage } from "../src/languages";

 /** Known workflow input names. */
 enum KnownInputName {
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ interface LanguageSetup {
  steps: Step[];
 }

-/** Describes partial mappings from known languages to their specific setup information. */
-type LanguageSetups = Partial<Record<KnownLanguage, LanguageSetup>>;
+/** Describes partial mappings from built-in languages to their specific setup information. */
+type LanguageSetups = Partial<Record<BuiltInLanguage, LanguageSetup>>;

 // The default set of CodeQL Bundle versions to use for the PR checks.
 const defaultTestVersions = [
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ const defaultLanguageVersions = {
  java: "17",
  python: "3.13",
  csharp: "9.x",
-} as const satisfies Partial<Record<KnownLanguage, string>>;
+} as const satisfies Partial<Record<BuiltInLanguage, string>>;

 /** A mapping from known input names to their specifications. */
 const inputSpecs: WorkflowInputs = {
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ function getSetupSteps(checkSpecification: JobSpecification): {
  const inputs: Array<Set<KnownInputName>> = [];
  const steps: Step[] = [];

-  for (const language of Object.values(KnownLanguage).sort()) {
+  for (const language of Object.values(BuiltInLanguage).sort()) {
    const setupSpec = languageSetups[language];

    if (
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env npx tsx
+
+/*
+ * Updates src/languages/builtin.json by querying the CodeQL CLI for:
+ * - Languages that have default queries (via codeql-extractor.yml)
+ * - Language aliases (via `codeql resolve languages --format=betterjson --extractor-include-aliases`)
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   npx tsx pr-checks/update-builtin-languages.ts [path-to-codeql]
+ *
+ * If no path is given, falls back to "codeql".
+ */
+
+import { execFileSync } from "node:child_process";
+import * as fs from "node:fs";
+import * as path from "node:path";
+
+import * as yaml from "yaml";
+
+import { EnvVar } from "../src/environment";
+
+import { BUILTIN_LANGUAGES_FILE } from "./config";
+
+/** Resolve all known language extractor directories. */
+function resolveLanguages(codeqlPath: string): Record<string, string[]> {
+  return JSON.parse(
+    execFileSync(codeqlPath, ["resolve", "languages", "--format=json"], {
+      encoding: "utf8",
+      env: {
+        ...process.env,
+        [EnvVar.EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURES]: "true", // include experimental languages
+      },
+    }),
+  ) as Record<string, string[]>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the sorted list of languages whose extractors ship default queries.
+ *
+ * @param extractorDirs - Map from language to list of extractor directories
+ */
+function findLanguagesWithDefaultQueries(
+  extractorDirs: Record<string, string[]>,
+): string[] {
+  const languages: string[] = [];
+
+  for (const [language, dirs] of Object.entries(extractorDirs)) {
+    if (dirs.length !== 1) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Expected exactly one extractor directory for language '${language}', but found ${dirs.length}: ${dirs.join(
+          ", ",
+        )}`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    const extractorYmlPath = path.join(dirs[0], "codeql-extractor.yml");
+
+    if (!fs.existsSync(extractorYmlPath)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Extractor YAML not found for language '${language}' at expected path: ${extractorYmlPath}`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    const extractorYml = yaml.parse(fs.readFileSync(extractorYmlPath, "utf8"));
+    const defaultQueries: unknown[] | undefined = extractorYml.default_queries;
+
+    if (Array.isArray(defaultQueries) && defaultQueries.length > 0) {
+      console.log(
+        `  ✅ ${language}: included (default queries: ${JSON.stringify(defaultQueries)})`,
+      );
+      languages.push(language);
+    } else {
+      console.log(`  ❌ ${language}: excluded (no default queries)`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return languages.sort();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve language aliases from the CodeQL CLI, keeping only those whose
+ * target is in the given set of included languages.
+ */
+function resolveAliases(
+  codeqlPath: string,
+  includedLanguages: Set<string>,
+): Record<string, string> {
+  const betterjsonOutput = JSON.parse(
+    execFileSync(
+      codeqlPath,
+      [
+        "resolve",
+        "languages",
+        "--format=betterjson",
+        "--extractor-include-aliases",
+      ],
+      { encoding: "utf8" },
+    ),
+  );
+
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries((betterjsonOutput.aliases ?? {}) as Record<string, string>)
+      .filter(([, target]) => includedLanguages.has(target))
+      .sort(([a], [b]) => a.localeCompare(b)),
+  );
+}
+
+/** Write the built-in languages data to disk. */
+function writeBuiltinLanguages(
+  languages: string[],
+  aliases: Record<string, string>,
+): void {
+  const content = `${JSON.stringify({ languages, aliases }, null, 2)}\n`;
+  fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(BUILTIN_LANGUAGES_FILE), { recursive: true });
+  fs.writeFileSync(BUILTIN_LANGUAGES_FILE, content);
+
+  console.log(`\nWrote ${BUILTIN_LANGUAGES_FILE}`);
+  console.log(`  Languages: ${languages.join(", ")}`);
+  console.log(`  Aliases: ${Object.keys(aliases).join(", ")}`);
+}
+
+function main(): void {
+  const codeqlPath = process.argv[2] || "codeql";
+
+  const extractorDirs = resolveLanguages(codeqlPath);
+  const languages = findLanguagesWithDefaultQueries(extractorDirs);
+  const aliases = resolveAliases(codeqlPath, new Set(languages));
+  writeBuiltinLanguages(languages, aliases);
+}
+
+main();
@@ -19,6 +19,25 @@ inputs:
      If not specified, the Action will check in several places until it finds
      the CodeQL tools.
    required: false
+  languages:
+    description: >-
+      A comma-separated list of CodeQL languages that will be analyzed in subsequent
+      `github/codeql-action/init` and `github/codeql-action/analyze` invocations. If specified, the
+      Action may use this list to select a CodeQL CLI version that is best suited to analyzing those
+      languages, for example by preferring a version that has a cached overlay-base database for the
+      specified languages. This input is not remembered and must also be passed to
+      `github/codeql-action/init`.
+    required: false
+  analysis-kinds:
+    description: >-
+      [Internal] A comma-separated list of analysis kinds that subsequent
+      `github/codeql-action/init` invocations will enable. If specified, the Action may use this
+      list to select a CodeQL CLI version that is best suited to those analysis kinds. This input is
+      not remembered and must also be passed to `github/codeql-action/init`.
+
+      Available options are the same as for the `analysis-kinds` input on the `init` Action.
+    default: 'code-scanning'
+    required: true
  token:
    description: GitHub token to use for authenticating with this instance of GitHub.
    default: ${{ github.token }}
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import {
 } from "./dependency-caching";
 import { EnvVar } from "./environment";
 import { initFeatures } from "./feature-flags";
-import { KnownLanguage } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage } from "./languages";
 import { getActionsLogger, Logger } from "./logging";
 import { cleanupAndUploadOverlayBaseDatabaseToCache } from "./overlay/caching";
 import { getRepositoryNwo } from "./repository";
@@ -135,9 +135,13 @@ function hasBadExpectErrorInput(): boolean {
 function doesGoExtractionOutputExist(config: Config): boolean {
  const golangDbDirectory = util.getCodeQLDatabasePath(
    config,
-    KnownLanguage.go,
+    BuiltInLanguage.go,
+  );
+  const trapDirectory = path.join(
+    golangDbDirectory,
+    "trap",
+    BuiltInLanguage.go,
  );
-  const trapDirectory = path.join(golangDbDirectory, "trap", KnownLanguage.go);
  return (
    fs.existsSync(trapDirectory) &&
    fs
@@ -169,7 +173,7 @@ function doesGoExtractionOutputExist(config: Config): boolean {
 * whether any extraction output already exists for Go.
 */
 async function runAutobuildIfLegacyGoWorkflow(config: Config, logger: Logger) {
-  if (!config.languages.includes(KnownLanguage.go)) {
+  if (!config.languages.includes(BuiltInLanguage.go)) {
    return;
  }
  if (config.buildMode) {
@@ -182,7 +186,7 @@ async function runAutobuildIfLegacyGoWorkflow(config: Config, logger: Logger) {
    logger.debug("Won't run Go autobuild since it has already been run.");
    return;
  }
-  if (dbIsFinalized(config, KnownLanguage.go, logger)) {
+  if (dbIsFinalized(config, BuiltInLanguage.go, logger)) {
    logger.debug(
      "Won't run Go autobuild since there is already a finalized database for Go.",
    );
@@ -205,7 +209,7 @@ async function runAutobuildIfLegacyGoWorkflow(config: Config, logger: Logger) {
  logger.debug(
    "Running Go autobuild because extraction output (TRAP files) for Go code has not been found.",
  );
-  await runAutobuild(config, KnownLanguage.go, logger);
+  await runAutobuild(config, BuiltInLanguage.go, logger);
 }

 async function run(startedAt: Date) {
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
 } from "./analyze";
 import { createStubCodeQL } from "./codeql";
 import { Feature } from "./feature-flags";
-import { KnownLanguage } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage } from "./languages";
 import { getRunnerLogger } from "./logging";
 import {
  setupTests,
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ test.serial("status report fields", async (t) => {
    const threadsFlag = "";
    sinon.stub(uploadLib, "validateSarifFileSchema");

-    for (const language of Object.values(KnownLanguage)) {
+    for (const language of Object.values(BuiltInLanguage)) {
      const codeql = createStubCodeQL({
        databaseRunQueries: async () => {},
        databaseInterpretResults: async (
@@ -130,13 +130,13 @@ test.serial("status report fields", async (t) => {
 test("resolveQuerySuiteAlias", (t) => {
  // default query suite names should resolve to something language-specific ending in `.qls`.
  for (const suite of defaultSuites) {
-    const resolved = resolveQuerySuiteAlias(KnownLanguage.go, suite);
+    const resolved = resolveQuerySuiteAlias(BuiltInLanguage.go, suite);
    t.assert(
      path.extname(resolved) === ".qls",
      "Resolved default suite doesn't end in .qls",
    );
    t.assert(
-      resolved.indexOf(KnownLanguage.go) >= 0,
+      resolved.indexOf(BuiltInLanguage.go) >= 0,
      "Resolved default suite doesn't contain language name",
    );
  }
@@ -145,12 +145,12 @@ test("resolveQuerySuiteAlias", (t) => {
  const names = ["foo", "bar", "codeql/go-queries@1.0"];

  for (const name of names) {
-    t.deepEqual(resolveQuerySuiteAlias(KnownLanguage.go, name), name);
+    t.deepEqual(resolveQuerySuiteAlias(BuiltInLanguage.go, name), name);
  }
 });

 test("addSarifExtension", (t) => {
-  for (const language of Object.values(KnownLanguage)) {
+  for (const language of Object.values(BuiltInLanguage)) {
    t.deepEqual(addSarifExtension(CodeScanning, language), `${language}.sarif`);
    t.deepEqual(
      addSarifExtension(CodeQuality, language),
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import {
 } from "./diff-informed-analysis-utils";
 import { EnvVar } from "./environment";
 import { FeatureEnablement, Feature } from "./feature-flags";
-import { KnownLanguage, Language } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage, Language } from "./languages";
 import { Logger, withGroupAsync } from "./logging";
 import { OverlayDatabaseMode } from "./overlay/overlay-database-mode";
 import type * as sarif from "./sarif";
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export class CodeQLAnalysisError extends Error {
  }
 }

-type KnownLanguageKey = keyof typeof KnownLanguage;
+type BuiltInLanguageKey = keyof typeof BuiltInLanguage;

 type RunQueriesDurationStatusReport = {
  /**
@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@ type RunQueriesDurationStatusReport = {
   * The "builtin" designation is now outdated with the move to CLI config parsing: this is the time
   * taken to run _all_ the queries.
   */
-  [L in KnownLanguageKey as `analyze_builtin_queries_${L}_duration_ms`]?: number;
+  [L in BuiltInLanguageKey as `analyze_builtin_queries_${L}_duration_ms`]?: number;
 };

 type InterpretResultsDurationStatusReport = {
  /** Time taken in ms to interpret results for the language (or undefined if this language was not analyzed). */
-  [L in KnownLanguageKey as `interpret_results_${L}_duration_ms`]?: number;
+  [L in BuiltInLanguageKey as `interpret_results_${L}_duration_ms`]?: number;
 };

 export interface QueriesStatusReport
@@ -115,12 +115,12 @@ export async function runExtraction(

    if (await shouldExtractLanguage(codeql, config, language)) {
      logger.startGroup(`Extracting ${language}`);
-      if (language === KnownLanguage.python) {
+      if (language === BuiltInLanguage.python) {
        await setupPythonExtractor(logger);
      }
      if (config.buildMode) {
        if (
-          language === KnownLanguage.cpp &&
+          language === BuiltInLanguage.cpp &&
          config.buildMode === BuildMode.Autobuild
        ) {
          await setupCppAutobuild(codeql, logger);
@@ -131,14 +131,14 @@ export async function runExtraction(
        // a stable path that caches can be restored into and that we can cache at the
        // end of the workflow (i.e. that does not get removed when the scratch directory is).
        if (
-          language === KnownLanguage.java &&
+          language === BuiltInLanguage.java &&
          config.buildMode === BuildMode.None
        ) {
          process.env["CODEQL_EXTRACTOR_JAVA_OPTION_BUILDLESS_DEPENDENCY_DIR"] =
            getJavaTempDependencyDir();
        }
        if (
-          language === KnownLanguage.csharp &&
+          language === BuiltInLanguage.csharp &&
          config.buildMode === BuildMode.None &&
          (await features.getValue(Feature.CsharpCacheBuildModeNone))
        ) {
@@ -251,16 +251,9 @@ export async function setupDiffInformedQueryRun(
        diffRanges,
        checkoutPath,
      );
-      if (packDir === undefined) {
-        logger.warning(
-          "Cannot create diff range extension pack for diff-informed queries; " +
-            "reverting to performing full analysis.",
-        );
-      } else {
-        logger.info(
-          `Successfully created diff range extension pack at ${packDir}.`,
-        );
-      }
+      logger.info(
+        `Successfully created diff range extension pack at ${packDir}.`,
+      );
      return packDir;
    },
  );
@@ -314,18 +307,13 @@ extensions:
 * @param ranges The file line ranges, as returned by
 * `getPullRequestEditedDiffRanges`.
 * @param checkoutPath The path at which the repository was checked out.
- * @returns The absolute path of the directory containing the extension pack, or
- * `undefined` if no extension pack was created.
+ * @returns The absolute path of the directory containing the extension pack.
 */
 function writeDiffRangeDataExtensionPack(
  logger: Logger,
-  ranges: DiffThunkRange[] | undefined,
+  ranges: DiffThunkRange[],
  checkoutPath: string,
-): string | undefined {
-  if (ranges === undefined) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-
+): string {
  if (ranges.length === 0) {
    // An empty diff range means that there are no added or modified lines in
    // the pull request. But the `restrictAlertsTo` extensible predicate
@@ -698,7 +686,7 @@ export async function warnIfGoInstalledAfterInit(

      addDiagnostic(
        config,
-        KnownLanguage.go,
+        BuiltInLanguage.go,
        makeDiagnostic(
          "go/workflow/go-installed-after-codeql-init",
          "Go was installed after the `codeql-action/init` Action was run",
@@ -128,6 +128,8 @@ export async function getGitHubVersionFromApi(

  // Doesn't strictly have to be the meta endpoint as we're only
  // using the response headers which are available on every request.
+  //
+  // See https://docs.github.com/en/rest/meta/meta#get-github-meta-information.
  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-call
  const response = await apiClient.rest.meta.get();

@@ -164,6 +166,9 @@ export async function getGitHubVersion(): Promise<GitHubVersion> {

 /**
 * Get the path of the currently executing workflow relative to the repository root.
+ *
+ * See https://docs.github.com/en/rest/actions/workflow-runs#get-a-workflow-run
+ * and https://docs.github.com/en/rest/actions/workflows#get-a-workflow.
 */
 export async function getWorkflowRelativePath(): Promise<string> {
  const repo_nwo = getRepositoryNwo();
@@ -252,9 +257,13 @@ export interface ActionsCacheItem {
  size_in_bytes?: number;
 }

-/** List all Actions cache entries matching the provided key and ref. */
+/**
+ * List all Actions cache entries starting with the provided key prefix and matching the provided ref.
+ *
+ * See https://docs.github.com/en/rest/actions/cache#list-github-actions-caches-for-a-repository.
+ */
 export async function listActionsCaches(
-  key: string,
+  keyPrefix: string,
  ref?: string,
 ): Promise<ActionsCacheItem[]> {
  const repositoryNwo = getRepositoryNwo();
@@ -264,13 +273,17 @@ export async function listActionsCaches(
    {
      owner: repositoryNwo.owner,
      repo: repositoryNwo.repo,
-      key,
+      key: keyPrefix,
      ref,
    },
  );
 }

-/** Delete an Actions cache item by its ID. */
+/**
+ * Delete an Actions cache item by its ID.
+ *
+ * See https://docs.github.com/en/rest/actions/cache#delete-a-github-actions-cache-for-a-repository-using-a-cache-id.
+ */
 export async function deleteActionsCache(id: number) {
  const repositoryNwo = getRepositoryNwo();

@@ -281,7 +294,11 @@ export async function deleteActionsCache(id: number) {
  });
 }

-/** Retrieve all custom repository properties. */
+/**
+ * Retrieve all custom repository properties.
+ *
+ * See https://docs.github.com/en/rest/repos/custom-properties#get-all-custom-property-values-for-a-repository.
+ */
 export async function getRepositoryProperties(repositoryNwo: RepositoryNwo) {
  return getApiClient().request("GET /repos/:owner/:repo/properties/values", {
    owner: repositoryNwo.owner,
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"maximumVersion": "3.21", "minimumVersion": "3.14"}
+{"maximumVersion": "3.21", "minimumVersion": "3.16"}
@@ -141,7 +141,12 @@ test("scanArtifactsForTokens handles files without tokens", async (t) => {
  }
 });

-if (os.platform() !== "win32") {
+// This test is slow (extracts and scans a zip artifact), so by default we only run it in CI. Set
+// RUN_SLOW_TESTS=1 to run it locally.
+if (
+  os.platform() !== "win32" &&
+  (process.env.CI === "true" || process.env.RUN_SLOW_TESTS === "1")
+) {
  test("scanArtifactsForTokens finds token in debug artifacts", async (t) => {
    t.timeout(15000); // 15 seconds
    const messages: LoggedMessage[] = [];
@@ -156,6 +156,10 @@ async function scanArchiveFile(
    );
  }

+  if (process.platform === "win32") {
+    throw new Error("Scanning archives is not supported on Windows.");
+  }
+
  const result: ScanResult = {
    scannedFiles: 0,
    findings: [],
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import * as configUtils from "./config-utils";
 import { DocUrl } from "./doc-url";
 import { EnvVar } from "./environment";
 import { Feature, featureConfig, initFeatures } from "./feature-flags";
-import { KnownLanguage, Language } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage, Language } from "./languages";
 import { Logger } from "./logging";
 import { getRepositoryNwo } from "./repository";
 import { asyncFilter, BuildMode } from "./util";
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ export async function determineAutobuildLanguages(
   * version of the CodeQL Action.
   */
  const autobuildLanguagesWithoutGo = autobuildLanguages.filter(
-    (l) => l !== KnownLanguage.go,
+    (l) => l !== BuiltInLanguage.go,
  );

  const languages: Language[] = [];
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ export async function determineAutobuildLanguages(
  // If Go is requested, run the Go autobuilder last to ensure it doesn't
  // interfere with the other autobuilder.
  if (autobuildLanguages.length !== autobuildLanguagesWithoutGo.length) {
-    languages.push(KnownLanguage.go);
+    languages.push(BuiltInLanguage.go);
  }

  logger.debug(`Will autobuild ${languages.join(" and ")}.`);
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ export async function runAutobuild(
 ) {
  logger.startGroup(`Attempting to automatically build ${language} code`);
  const codeQL = await getCodeQL(config.codeQLCmd);
-  if (language === KnownLanguage.cpp) {
+  if (language === BuiltInLanguage.cpp) {
    await setupCppAutobuild(codeQL, logger);
  }
  if (config.buildMode) {
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ export async function runAutobuild(
  } else {
    await codeQL.runAutobuild(config, language);
  }
-  if (language === KnownLanguage.go) {
+  if (language === BuiltInLanguage.go) {
    core.exportVariable(EnvVar.DID_AUTOBUILD_GOLANG, "true");
  }
  logger.endGroup();
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import {
 import type { Config } from "./config-utils";
 import * as defaults from "./defaults.json";
 import { DocUrl } from "./doc-url";
-import { KnownLanguage } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage } from "./languages";
 import { getRunnerLogger } from "./logging";
 import { ToolsSource } from "./setup-codeql";
 import {
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import {
  mockBundleDownloadApi,
  makeVersionInfo,
  createTestConfig,
+  makeMacro,
 } from "./testing-utils";
 import { ToolsDownloadStatusReport } from "./tools-download";
 import * as util from "./util";
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
  initializeEnvironment("1.2.3");

  stubConfig = createTestConfig({
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.cpp],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.cpp],
  });
 });

@@ -70,8 +71,10 @@ async function installIntoToolcache({
    tmpDir,
    util.GitHubVariant.GHES,
    cliVersion !== undefined
-      ? { cliVersion, tagName }
+      ? { enabledVersions: [{ cliVersion, tagName }] }
      : SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+    undefined, // rawLanguages
+    false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
    createFeatures([]),
    getRunnerLogger(true),
    false,
@@ -115,7 +118,7 @@ async function stubCodeql(): Promise<codeql.CodeQL> {
  sinon.stub(codeqlObject, "getVersion").resolves(makeVersionInfo("2.17.6"));
  sinon
    .stub(codeqlObject, "isTracedLanguage")
-    .withArgs(KnownLanguage.cpp)
+    .withArgs(BuiltInLanguage.cpp)
    .resolves(true);
  return codeqlObject;
 }
@@ -143,6 +146,8 @@ test.serial(
          tmpDir,
          util.GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
          SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+          undefined, // rawLanguages
+          false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
          features,
          getRunnerLogger(true),
          false,
@@ -175,6 +180,8 @@ test.serial(
        tmpDir,
        util.GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        features,
        getRunnerLogger(true),
        false,
@@ -214,6 +221,8 @@ test.serial(
        tmpDir,
        util.GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        features,
        getRunnerLogger(true),
        false,
@@ -264,6 +273,8 @@ for (const {
          tmpDir,
          util.GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
          SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+          undefined, // rawLanguages
+          false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
          features,
          getRunnerLogger(true),
          false,
@@ -284,11 +295,11 @@ for (const {
 for (const toolcacheVersion of [
  // Test that we use the tools from the toolcache when `SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION` is requested
  // and `SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION-` is in the toolcache.
-  SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION.cliVersion,
-  `${SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION.cliVersion}-20230101`,
+  SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION.enabledVersions[0].cliVersion,
+  `${SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION.enabledVersions[0].cliVersion}-20230101`,
 ]) {
  test.serial(
-    `uses tools from toolcache when ${SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION.cliVersion} is requested and ` +
+    `uses tools from toolcache when ${SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION.enabledVersions[0].cliVersion} is requested and ` +
      `${toolcacheVersion} is installed`,
    async (t) => {
      const features = createFeatures([]);
@@ -308,11 +319,16 @@ for (const toolcacheVersion of [
          tmpDir,
          util.GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
          SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+          undefined, // rawLanguages
+          false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
          features,
          getRunnerLogger(true),
          false,
        );
-        t.is(result.toolsVersion, SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION.cliVersion);
+        t.is(
+          result.toolsVersion,
+          SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION.enabledVersions[0].cliVersion,
+        );
        t.is(result.toolsSource, ToolsSource.Toolcache);
        t.is(result.toolsDownloadStatusReport?.combinedDurationMs, undefined);
        t.is(result.toolsDownloadStatusReport?.downloadDurationMs, undefined);
@@ -342,9 +358,15 @@ test.serial(
        tmpDir,
        util.GitHubVariant.GHES,
        {
-          cliVersion: defaults.cliVersion,
-          tagName: defaults.bundleVersion,
+          enabledVersions: [
+            {
+              cliVersion: defaults.cliVersion,
+              tagName: defaults.bundleVersion,
+            },
+          ],
        },
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        features,
        getRunnerLogger(true),
        false,
@@ -384,9 +406,15 @@ test.serial(
        tmpDir,
        util.GitHubVariant.GHES,
        {
-          cliVersion: defaults.cliVersion,
-          tagName: defaults.bundleVersion,
+          enabledVersions: [
+            {
+              cliVersion: defaults.cliVersion,
+              tagName: defaults.bundleVersion,
+            },
+          ],
        },
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        features,
        getRunnerLogger(true),
        false,
@@ -426,6 +454,8 @@ test.serial(
        tmpDir,
        util.GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        features,
        getRunnerLogger(true),
        false,
@@ -467,6 +497,8 @@ test.serial(
        tmpDir,
        util.GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        features,
        getRunnerLogger(true),
        false,
@@ -540,7 +572,7 @@ test.serial("getExtraOptions throws for bad content", (t) => {
 });

 // Test macro for ensuring different variants of injected augmented configurations
-const injectedConfigMacro = test.macro({
+const injectedConfigMacro = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t: ExecutionContext<unknown>,
    augmentationProperties: AugmentationProperties,
@@ -590,9 +622,8 @@ const injectedConfigMacro = test.macro({
    `databaseInitCluster() injected config: ${providedTitle}`,
 });

-test.serial(
+injectedConfigMacro.serial(
  "basic",
-  injectedConfigMacro,
  {
    ...defaultAugmentationProperties,
  },
@@ -600,9 +631,8 @@ test.serial(
  {},
 );

-test.serial(
+injectedConfigMacro.serial(
  "injected packs from input",
-  injectedConfigMacro,
  {
    ...defaultAugmentationProperties,
    packsInput: ["xxx", "yyy"],
@@ -613,9 +643,8 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
+injectedConfigMacro.serial(
  "injected packs from input with existing packs combines",
-  injectedConfigMacro,
  {
    ...defaultAugmentationProperties,
    packsInputCombines: true,
@@ -635,9 +664,8 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
+injectedConfigMacro.serial(
  "injected packs from input with existing packs overrides",
-  injectedConfigMacro,
  {
    ...defaultAugmentationProperties,
    packsInput: ["xxx", "yyy"],
@@ -655,9 +683,8 @@ test.serial(
 );

 // similar, but with queries
-test.serial(
+injectedConfigMacro.serial(
  "injected queries from input",
-  injectedConfigMacro,
  {
    ...defaultAugmentationProperties,
    queriesInput: [{ uses: "xxx" }, { uses: "yyy" }],
@@ -675,9 +702,8 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
+injectedConfigMacro.serial(
  "injected queries from input overrides",
-  injectedConfigMacro,
  {
    ...defaultAugmentationProperties,
    queriesInput: [{ uses: "xxx" }, { uses: "yyy" }],
@@ -699,9 +725,8 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
+injectedConfigMacro.serial(
  "injected queries from input combines",
-  injectedConfigMacro,
  {
    ...defaultAugmentationProperties,
    queriesInputCombines: true,
@@ -727,9 +752,8 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
+injectedConfigMacro.serial(
  "injected queries from input combines 2",
-  injectedConfigMacro,
  {
    ...defaultAugmentationProperties,
    queriesInputCombines: true,
@@ -749,9 +773,8 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
+injectedConfigMacro.serial(
  "injected queries and packs, but empty",
-  injectedConfigMacro,
  {
    ...defaultAugmentationProperties,
    queriesInputCombines: true,
@@ -768,9 +791,8 @@ test.serial(
  {},
 );

-test.serial(
+injectedConfigMacro.serial(
  "repo property queries have the highest precedence",
-  injectedConfigMacro,
  {
    ...defaultAugmentationProperties,
    queriesInputCombines: true,
@@ -790,9 +812,8 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
+injectedConfigMacro.serial(
  "repo property queries combines with queries input",
-  injectedConfigMacro,
  {
    ...defaultAugmentationProperties,
    queriesInputCombines: false,
@@ -817,9 +838,8 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
+injectedConfigMacro.serial(
  "repo property queries combines everything else",
-  injectedConfigMacro,
  {
    ...defaultAugmentationProperties,
    queriesInputCombines: true,
@@ -956,7 +976,8 @@ test.serial("runTool summarizes autobuilder errors", async (t) => {
  sinon.stub(io, "which").resolves("");

  await t.throwsAsync(
-    async () => await codeqlObject.runAutobuild(stubConfig, KnownLanguage.java),
+    async () =>
+      await codeqlObject.runAutobuild(stubConfig, BuiltInLanguage.java),
    {
      instanceOf: util.ConfigurationError,
      message:
@@ -982,7 +1003,8 @@ test.serial("runTool truncates long autobuilder errors", async (t) => {
  sinon.stub(io, "which").resolves("");

  await t.throwsAsync(
-    async () => await codeqlObject.runAutobuild(stubConfig, KnownLanguage.java),
+    async () =>
+      await codeqlObject.runAutobuild(stubConfig, BuiltInLanguage.java),
    {
      instanceOf: util.ConfigurationError,
      message:
@@ -282,17 +282,17 @@ const CODEQL_MINIMUM_VERSION = "2.17.6";
 /**
 * This version will shortly become the oldest version of CodeQL that the Action will run with.
 */
-const CODEQL_NEXT_MINIMUM_VERSION = "2.17.6";
+const CODEQL_NEXT_MINIMUM_VERSION = "2.19.4";

 /**
 * This is the version of GHES that was most recently deprecated.
 */
-const GHES_VERSION_MOST_RECENTLY_DEPRECATED = "3.13";
+const GHES_VERSION_MOST_RECENTLY_DEPRECATED = "3.15";

 /**
 * This is the deprecation date for the version of GHES that was most recently deprecated.
 */
-const GHES_MOST_RECENT_DEPRECATION_DATE = "2025-06-19";
+const GHES_MOST_RECENT_DEPRECATION_DATE = "2026-04-09";

 /** The CLI verbosity level to use for extraction in debug mode. */
 const EXTRACTION_DEBUG_MODE_VERBOSITY = "progress++";
@@ -305,6 +305,8 @@ const EXTRACTION_DEBUG_MODE_VERBOSITY = "progress++";
 * @param tempDir
 * @param variant
 * @param defaultCliVersion
+ * @param rawLanguages Raw set of languages.
+ * @param useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion Whether to select an overlay-aware default CLI version.
 * @param features Information about the features that are enabled.
 * @param logger
 * @param checkVersion Whether to check that CodeQL CLI meets the minimum
@@ -317,6 +319,8 @@ export async function setupCodeQL(
  tempDir: string,
  variant: util.GitHubVariant,
  defaultCliVersion: CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo,
+  rawLanguages: string[] | undefined,
+  useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion: boolean,
  features: FeatureEnablement,
  logger: Logger,
  checkVersion: boolean,
@@ -340,6 +344,8 @@ export async function setupCodeQL(
      tempDir,
      variant,
      defaultCliVersion,
+      rawLanguages,
+      useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion,
      features,
      logger,
    );
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import { Feature } from "./feature-flags";
 import { RepositoryProperties } from "./feature-flags/properties";
 import * as gitUtils from "./git-utils";
 import { GitVersionInfo } from "./git-utils";
-import { KnownLanguage, Language } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage, Language } from "./languages";
 import { getRunnerLogger } from "./logging";
 import { CODEQL_OVERLAY_MINIMUM_VERSION } from "./overlay";
 import { OverlayDisabledReason } from "./overlay/diagnostics";
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import {
  LoggedMessage,
  mockCodeQLVersion,
  createTestConfig,
+  makeMacro,
 } from "./testing-utils";
 import {
  GitHubVariant,
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ test.serial("load code quality config", async (t) => {
    // And the config we expect it to result in
    const expectedConfig = createTestConfig({
      analysisKinds: [AnalysisKind.CodeQuality],
-      languages: [KnownLanguage.actions],
+      languages: [BuiltInLanguage.actions],
      // This gets set because we only have `AnalysisKind.CodeQuality`
      computedConfig: {
        "disable-default-queries": true,
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@ test.serial(

      const expectedConfig = createTestConfig({
        analysisKinds: [AnalysisKind.CodeQuality],
-        languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+        languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
        codeQLCmd: codeql.getPath(),
        computedConfig,
        dbLocation: path.resolve(tempDir, "codeql_databases"),
@@ -518,7 +519,7 @@ test.serial("load non-empty input", async (t) => {

    // And the config we expect it to parse to
    const expectedConfig = createTestConfig({
-      languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+      languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
      buildMode: BuildMode.None,
      originalUserInput: userConfig,
      computedConfig: userConfig,
@@ -892,10 +893,10 @@ const mockRepositoryNwo = parseRepositoryNwo("owner/repo");
      betterResolveLanguages: (options) =>
        Promise.resolve({
          aliases: {
-            "c#": KnownLanguage.csharp,
-            c: KnownLanguage.cpp,
-            kotlin: KnownLanguage.java,
-            typescript: KnownLanguage.javascript,
+            "c#": BuiltInLanguage.csharp,
+            c: BuiltInLanguage.cpp,
+            kotlin: BuiltInLanguage.java,
+            typescript: BuiltInLanguage.javascript,
          },
          extractors: {
            cpp: [stubExtractorEntry],
@@ -944,12 +945,12 @@ const mockRepositoryNwo = parseRepositoryNwo("owner/repo");
 for (const { displayName, language, feature } of [
  {
    displayName: "Java",
-    language: KnownLanguage.java,
+    language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
    feature: Feature.DisableJavaBuildlessEnabled,
  },
  {
    displayName: "C#",
-    language: KnownLanguage.csharp,
+    language: BuiltInLanguage.csharp,
    feature: Feature.DisableCsharpBuildless,
  },
 ]) {
@@ -969,7 +970,7 @@ for (const { displayName, language, feature } of [
    const messages: LoggedMessage[] = [];
    const buildMode = await configUtils.parseBuildModeInput(
      "none",
-      [KnownLanguage.python],
+      [BuiltInLanguage.python],
      createFeatures([feature]),
      getRecordingLogger(messages),
    );
@@ -1019,7 +1020,7 @@ const defaultOverlayDatabaseModeTestSetup: OverlayDatabaseModeTestSetup = {
  isPullRequest: false,
  isDefaultBranch: false,
  buildMode: BuildMode.None,
-  languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+  languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
  codeqlVersion: CODEQL_OVERLAY_MINIMUM_VERSION,
  gitRoot: "/some/git/root",
  gitVersion: new GitVersionInfo("2.39.0", "2.39.0"),
@@ -1034,10 +1035,9 @@ const defaultOverlayDatabaseModeTestSetup: OverlayDatabaseModeTestSetup = {
  repositoryProperties: {},
 };

-const checkOverlayEnablementMacro = test.macro({
+const checkOverlayEnablementMacro = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t: ExecutionContext,
-    _title: string,
    setupOverrides: Partial<OverlayDatabaseModeTestSetup>,
    expected:
      | {
@@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ const checkOverlayEnablementMacro = test.macro({
        sinon
          .stub(codeql, "isTracedLanguage")
          .callsFake(async (lang: Language) => {
-            return [KnownLanguage.java].includes(lang as KnownLanguage);
+            return lang === BuiltInLanguage.java;
          });

        // Mock git root detection
@@ -1131,11 +1131,10 @@ const checkOverlayEnablementMacro = test.macro({
      }
    });
  },
-  title: (_, title) => `checkOverlayEnablement: ${title}`,
+  title: (title) => `checkOverlayEnablement: ${title}`,
 });

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Environment variable override - Overlay",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "overlay",
@@ -1146,8 +1145,7 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Environment variable override - OverlayBase",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "overlay-base",
@@ -1158,8 +1156,7 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Environment variable override - None",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "none",
@@ -1169,8 +1166,7 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Ignore invalid environment variable",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "invalid-mode",
@@ -1180,11 +1176,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Ignore feature flag when analyzing non-default branch",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysis, Feature.OverlayAnalysisJavascript],
  },
  {
@@ -1192,11 +1187,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay-base database on default branch when feature enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysis, Feature.OverlayAnalysisJavascript],
    isDefaultBranch: true,
  },
@@ -1206,15 +1200,14 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay-base database on default branch when feature enabled with custom analysis",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysis, Feature.OverlayAnalysisJavascript],
    codeScanningConfig: {
      packs: ["some-custom-pack@1.0.0"],
-    } as UserConfig,
+    },
    isDefaultBranch: true,
  },
  {
@@ -1223,11 +1216,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay-base database on default branch when code-scanning feature enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1240,11 +1232,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay-base database on default branch if runner disk space is too low",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1260,11 +1251,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay-base database on default branch if we can't determine runner disk space",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1277,11 +1267,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay-base database on default branch if runner disk space is too low and skip resource checks flag is enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1299,11 +1288,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay-base database on default branch if runner disk space is below v2 limit and v2 resource checks enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1320,11 +1308,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay-base database on default branch if runner disk space is between v2 and v1 limits and v2 resource checks enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1342,11 +1329,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay-base database on default branch if runner disk space is between v2 and v1 limits and v2 resource checks not enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1362,11 +1348,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay-base database on default branch if memory flag is too low",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1379,11 +1364,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay-base database on default branch if memory flag is too low but CodeQL >= 2.24.3",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1398,11 +1382,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay-base database on default branch if memory flag is too low and skip resource checks flag is enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1417,11 +1400,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay-base database on default branch when cached status indicates previous failure",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisJavascript,
@@ -1435,11 +1417,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay analysis on PR when cached status indicates previous failure",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisJavascript,
@@ -1453,18 +1434,17 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay-base database on default branch when code-scanning feature enabled with disable-default-queries",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
    ],
    codeScanningConfig: {
      "disable-default-queries": true,
-    } as UserConfig,
+    },
    isDefaultBranch: true,
  },
  {
@@ -1472,18 +1452,17 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay-base database on default branch when code-scanning feature enabled with packs",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
    ],
    codeScanningConfig: {
      packs: ["some-custom-pack@1.0.0"],
-    } as UserConfig,
+    },
    isDefaultBranch: true,
  },
  {
@@ -1491,18 +1470,17 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay-base database on default branch when code-scanning feature enabled with queries",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
    ],
    codeScanningConfig: {
      queries: [{ uses: "some-query.ql" }],
-    } as UserConfig,
+    },
    isDefaultBranch: true,
  },
  {
@@ -1510,18 +1488,17 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay-base database on default branch when code-scanning feature enabled with query-filters",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
    ],
    codeScanningConfig: {
      "query-filters": [{ include: { "security-severity": "high" } }],
-    } as UserConfig,
+    },
    isDefaultBranch: true,
  },
  {
@@ -1529,11 +1506,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay-base database on default branch when only language-specific feature enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysisJavascript],
    isDefaultBranch: true,
  },
@@ -1542,11 +1518,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay-base database on default branch when only code-scanning feature enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript],
    isDefaultBranch: true,
  },
@@ -1555,11 +1530,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay-base database on default branch when language-specific feature disabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysis],
    isDefaultBranch: true,
  },
@@ -1568,11 +1542,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay analysis on PR when feature enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysis, Feature.OverlayAnalysisJavascript],
    isPullRequest: true,
  },
@@ -1582,15 +1555,14 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay analysis on PR when feature enabled with custom analysis",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysis, Feature.OverlayAnalysisJavascript],
    codeScanningConfig: {
      packs: ["some-custom-pack@1.0.0"],
-    } as UserConfig,
+    },
    isPullRequest: true,
  },
  {
@@ -1599,11 +1571,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay analysis on PR when code-scanning feature enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1616,11 +1587,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay analysis on PR if runner disk space is too low",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1636,11 +1606,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay analysis on PR if runner disk space is too low and skip resource checks flag is enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1658,11 +1627,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay analysis on PR if we can't determine runner disk space",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1675,11 +1643,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay analysis on PR if memory flag is too low",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1692,11 +1659,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay analysis on PR if memory flag is too low but CodeQL >= 2.24.3",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1711,11 +1677,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay analysis on PR if memory flag is too low and skip resource checks flag is enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
@@ -1730,18 +1695,17 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay analysis on PR when code-scanning feature enabled with disable-default-queries",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
    ],
    codeScanningConfig: {
      "disable-default-queries": true,
-    } as UserConfig,
+    },
    isPullRequest: true,
  },
  {
@@ -1749,18 +1713,17 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay analysis on PR when code-scanning feature enabled with packs",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
    ],
    codeScanningConfig: {
      packs: ["some-custom-pack@1.0.0"],
-    } as UserConfig,
+    },
    isPullRequest: true,
  },
  {
@@ -1768,18 +1731,17 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay analysis on PR when code-scanning feature enabled with queries",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
    ],
    codeScanningConfig: {
      queries: [{ uses: "some-query.ql" }],
-    } as UserConfig,
+    },
    isPullRequest: true,
  },
  {
@@ -1787,18 +1749,17 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay analysis on PR when code-scanning feature enabled with query-filters",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [
      Feature.OverlayAnalysis,
      Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript,
    ],
    codeScanningConfig: {
      "query-filters": [{ include: { "security-severity": "high" } }],
-    } as UserConfig,
+    },
    isPullRequest: true,
  },
  {
@@ -1806,11 +1767,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay analysis on PR when only language-specific feature enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysisJavascript],
    isPullRequest: true,
  },
@@ -1819,11 +1779,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay analysis on PR when only code-scanning feature enabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysisCodeScanningJavascript],
    isPullRequest: true,
  },
@@ -1832,11 +1791,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay analysis on PR when language-specific feature disabled",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysis],
    isPullRequest: true,
  },
@@ -1845,8 +1803,7 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay PR analysis by env",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "overlay",
@@ -1857,8 +1814,7 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay PR analysis by env on a runner with low disk space",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "overlay",
@@ -1870,11 +1826,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay PR analysis by feature flag",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysis, Feature.OverlayAnalysisJavascript],
    isPullRequest: true,
  },
@@ -1884,34 +1839,31 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Fallback due to autobuild with traced language",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "overlay",
    buildMode: BuildMode.Autobuild,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
  },
  {
    disabledReason: OverlayDisabledReason.IncompatibleBuildMode,
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Fallback due to no build mode with traced language",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "overlay",
    buildMode: undefined,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
  },
  {
    disabledReason: OverlayDisabledReason.IncompatibleBuildMode,
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Fallback due to old CodeQL version",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "overlay",
@@ -1922,8 +1874,7 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Fallback due to missing git root",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "overlay",
@@ -1934,8 +1885,7 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Fallback due to old git version with submodules",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "overlay",
@@ -1947,8 +1897,7 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Fallback when git version cannot be determined and repo has submodules",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "overlay",
@@ -1960,8 +1909,7 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay enabled when git version cannot be determined and repo has no submodules",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "overlay",
@@ -1974,11 +1922,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay when disabled via repository property",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysis, Feature.OverlayAnalysisJavascript],
    isPullRequest: true,
    repositoryProperties: {
@@ -1990,11 +1937,10 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Overlay not disabled when repository property is false",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysis, Feature.OverlayAnalysisJavascript],
    isPullRequest: true,
    repositoryProperties: {
@@ -2007,8 +1953,7 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "Environment variable override takes precedence over repository property",
  {
    overlayDatabaseEnvVar: "overlay",
@@ -2023,9 +1968,8 @@ test.serial(
 );

 // Exercise language-specific overlay analysis features code paths
-for (const language in KnownLanguage) {
-  test.serial(
-    checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+for (const language in BuiltInLanguage) {
+  checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
    `Check default overlay analysis feature for ${language}`,
    {
      languages: [language],
@@ -2042,11 +1986,10 @@ for (const language in KnownLanguage) {
 // overlay analysis enabled, even when the base overlay feature flag is on.
 // Using swift here as it doesn't currently have overlay support — update this if
 // swift gains overlay support.
-test.serial(
-  checkOverlayEnablementMacro,
+checkOverlayEnablementMacro.serial(
  "No overlay analysis for language without per-language overlay feature flag",
  {
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.swift],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.swift],
    features: [Feature.OverlayAnalysis],
    isPullRequest: true,
  },
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ import {
  hasSubmodules,
  isAnalyzingDefaultBranch,
 } from "./git-utils";
-import { KnownLanguage, Language } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage, Language } from "./languages";
 import { Logger } from "./logging";
 import { CODEQL_OVERLAY_MINIMUM_VERSION } from "./overlay";
 import {
@@ -274,10 +274,10 @@ async function getSupportedLanguageMap(
  for (const extractor of Object.keys(resolveResult.extractors)) {
    // If the CLI supports resolving languages with default queries, use these
    // as the set of supported languages. Otherwise, require the language to be
-    // a known language.
+    // a built-in language.
    if (
      resolveSupportedLanguagesUsingCli ||
-      KnownLanguage[extractor] !== undefined
+      BuiltInLanguage[extractor] !== undefined
    ) {
      supportedLanguages[extractor] = extractor;
    }
@@ -407,6 +407,7 @@ export async function getLanguages(
  return languages;
 }

+/** Parses the `languages` input into a list of languages without checking if they are supported by CodeQL. */
 export function getRawLanguagesNoAutodetect(
  languagesInput: string | undefined,
 ): string[] {
@@ -947,7 +948,7 @@ async function validateOverlayDatabaseMode(
      await Promise.all(
        languages.map(
          async (l) =>
-            l !== KnownLanguage.go && // Workaround to allow overlay analysis for Go with any build
+            l !== BuiltInLanguage.go && // Workaround to allow overlay analysis for Go with any build
            // mode, since it does not yet support BMN. The Go autobuilder and/or extractor will
            // ensure that overlay-base databases are only created for supported Go build setups,
            // and that we'll fall back to full databases in other cases.
@@ -1036,13 +1037,13 @@ async function setCppTrapCachingEnvironmentVariables(
  config: Config,
  logger: Logger,
 ): Promise<void> {
-  if (config.languages.includes(KnownLanguage.cpp)) {
+  if (config.languages.includes(BuiltInLanguage.cpp)) {
    const envVar = "CODEQL_EXTRACTOR_CPP_TRAP_CACHING";
    if (process.env[envVar]) {
      logger.info(
        `Environment variable ${envVar} already set, leaving it unchanged.`,
      );
-    } else if (config.trapCaches[KnownLanguage.cpp]) {
+    } else if (config.trapCaches[BuiltInLanguage.cpp]) {
      logger.info("Enabling TRAP caching for C/C++.");
      core.exportVariable(envVar, "true");
    } else {
@@ -1539,7 +1540,7 @@ export async function parseBuildModeInput(
  }

  if (
-    languages.includes(KnownLanguage.csharp) &&
+    languages.includes(BuiltInLanguage.csharp) &&
    (await features.getValue(Feature.DisableCsharpBuildless))
  ) {
    logger.warning(
@@ -1549,7 +1550,7 @@ export async function parseBuildModeInput(
  }

  if (
-    languages.includes(KnownLanguage.java) &&
+    languages.includes(BuiltInLanguage.java) &&
    (await features.getValue(Feature.DisableJavaBuildlessEnabled))
  ) {
    logger.warning(
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import test, { ExecutionContext } from "ava";

 import { RepositoryProperties } from "../feature-flags/properties";
-import { KnownLanguage, Language } from "../languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage, Language } from "../languages";
 import { getRunnerLogger } from "../logging";
 import {
  checkExpectedLogMessages,
  getRecordingLogger,
  LoggedMessage,
+  makeMacro,
 } from "../testing-utils";
 import { ConfigurationError, prettyPrintPack } from "../util";

@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ import * as dbConfig from "./db-config";
 /**
 * Test macro for ensuring the packs block is valid
 */
-const parsePacksMacro = test.macro({
+const parsePacksMacro = makeMacro({
  exec: (
    t: ExecutionContext<unknown>,
    packsInput: string,
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ const parsePacksMacro = test.macro({
 /**
 * Test macro for testing when the packs block is invalid
 */
-const parsePacksErrorMacro = test.macro({
+const parsePacksErrorMacro = makeMacro({
  exec: (
    t: ExecutionContext<unknown>,
    packsInput: string,
@@ -49,45 +50,42 @@ const parsePacksErrorMacro = test.macro({
 /**
 * Test macro for testing when the packs block is invalid
 */
-const invalidPackNameMacro = test.macro({
-  exec: (t: ExecutionContext, name: string) =>
-    parsePacksErrorMacro.exec(
+const invalidPackNameMacro = makeMacro({
+  exec: (t: ExecutionContext, arg: string) =>
+    parsePacksErrorMacro.fn(
      t,
-      name,
-      [KnownLanguage.cpp],
-      new RegExp(`^"${name}" is not a valid pack$`),
+      arg,
+      [BuiltInLanguage.cpp],
+      new RegExp(`^"${arg}" is not a valid pack$`),
    ),
  title: (_providedTitle: string | undefined, arg: string | undefined) =>
    `Invalid pack string: ${arg}`,
 });

-test("no packs", parsePacksMacro, "", [], undefined);
-test("two packs", parsePacksMacro, "a/b,c/d@1.2.3", [KnownLanguage.cpp], {
-  [KnownLanguage.cpp]: ["a/b", "c/d@1.2.3"],
+parsePacksMacro("no packs", "", [], undefined);
+parsePacksMacro("two packs", "a/b,c/d@1.2.3", [BuiltInLanguage.cpp], {
+  [BuiltInLanguage.cpp]: ["a/b", "c/d@1.2.3"],
 });
-test(
+parsePacksMacro(
  "two packs with spaces",
-  parsePacksMacro,
  " a/b , c/d@1.2.3 ",
-  [KnownLanguage.cpp],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.cpp],
  {
-    [KnownLanguage.cpp]: ["a/b", "c/d@1.2.3"],
+    [BuiltInLanguage.cpp]: ["a/b", "c/d@1.2.3"],
  },
 );
-test(
+parsePacksErrorMacro(
  "two packs with language",
-  parsePacksErrorMacro,
  "a/b,c/d@1.2.3",
-  [KnownLanguage.cpp, KnownLanguage.java],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.cpp, BuiltInLanguage.java],
  new RegExp(
    "Cannot specify a 'packs' input in a multi-language analysis. " +
      "Use a codeql-config.yml file instead and specify packs by language.",
  ),
 );

-test(
+parsePacksMacro(
  "packs with other valid names",
-  parsePacksMacro,
  [
    // ranges are ok
    "c/d@1.0",
@@ -106,9 +104,9 @@ test(
    // (globbing is not done)
    "c/d@1.2.3:+*)_(",
  ].join(","),
-  [KnownLanguage.cpp],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.cpp],
  {
-    [KnownLanguage.cpp]: [
+    [BuiltInLanguage.cpp]: [
      "c/d@1.0",
      "c/d@~1.0.0",
      "c/d@~1.0.0:a/b",
@@ -123,23 +121,23 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(invalidPackNameMacro, "c"); // all packs require at least a scope and a name
-test(invalidPackNameMacro, "c-/d");
-test(invalidPackNameMacro, "-c/d");
-test(invalidPackNameMacro, "c/d_d");
-test(invalidPackNameMacro, "c/d@@");
-test(invalidPackNameMacro, "c/d@1.0.0:");
-test(invalidPackNameMacro, "c/d:");
-test(invalidPackNameMacro, "c/d:/a");
-test(invalidPackNameMacro, "@1.0.0:a");
-test(invalidPackNameMacro, "c/d@../a");
-test(invalidPackNameMacro, "c/d@b/../a");
-test(invalidPackNameMacro, "c/d:z@1");
+invalidPackNameMacro.test("c"); // all packs require at least a scope and a name
+invalidPackNameMacro.test("c-/d");
+invalidPackNameMacro.test("-c/d");
+invalidPackNameMacro.test("c/d_d");
+invalidPackNameMacro.test("c/d@@");
+invalidPackNameMacro.test("c/d@1.0.0:");
+invalidPackNameMacro.test("c/d:");
+invalidPackNameMacro.test("c/d:/a");
+invalidPackNameMacro.test("@1.0.0:a");
+invalidPackNameMacro.test("c/d@../a");
+invalidPackNameMacro.test("c/d@b/../a");
+invalidPackNameMacro.test("c/d:z@1");

 /**
 * Test macro for pretty printing pack specs
 */
-const packSpecPrettyPrintingMacro = test.macro({
+const packSpecPrettyPrintingMacro = makeMacro({
  exec: (t: ExecutionContext, packStr: string, packObj: dbConfig.Pack) => {
    const parsed = dbConfig.parsePacksSpecification(packStr);
    t.deepEqual(parsed, packObj, "parsed pack spec is correct");
@@ -163,36 +161,35 @@ const packSpecPrettyPrintingMacro = test.macro({
  ) => `Prettyprint pack spec: '${packStr}'`,
 });

-test(packSpecPrettyPrintingMacro, "a/b", {
+packSpecPrettyPrintingMacro.test("a/b", {
  name: "a/b",
  version: undefined,
  path: undefined,
 });
-test(packSpecPrettyPrintingMacro, "a/b@~1.2.3", {
+packSpecPrettyPrintingMacro.test("a/b@~1.2.3", {
  name: "a/b",
  version: "~1.2.3",
  path: undefined,
 });
-test(packSpecPrettyPrintingMacro, "a/b@~1.2.3:abc/def", {
+packSpecPrettyPrintingMacro.test("a/b@~1.2.3:abc/def", {
  name: "a/b",
  version: "~1.2.3",
  path: "abc/def",
 });
-test(packSpecPrettyPrintingMacro, "a/b:abc/def", {
+packSpecPrettyPrintingMacro.test("a/b:abc/def", {
  name: "a/b",
  version: undefined,
  path: "abc/def",
 });
-test(packSpecPrettyPrintingMacro, "    a/b:abc/def    ", {
+packSpecPrettyPrintingMacro.test("    a/b:abc/def    ", {
  name: "a/b",
  version: undefined,
  path: "abc/def",
 });

-const calculateAugmentationMacro = test.macro({
+const calculateAugmentationMacro = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t: ExecutionContext,
-    _title: string,
    rawPacksInput: string | undefined,
    rawQueriesInput: string | undefined,
    languages: Language[],
@@ -207,27 +204,25 @@ const calculateAugmentationMacro = test.macro({
    );
    t.deepEqual(actualAugmentationProperties, expectedAugmentationProperties);
  },
-  title: (_, title) => `Calculate Augmentation: ${title}`,
+  title: (title) => `Calculate Augmentation: ${title}`,
 });

-test(
-  calculateAugmentationMacro,
+calculateAugmentationMacro(
  "All empty",
  undefined,
  undefined,
-  [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
  {},
  {
    ...dbConfig.defaultAugmentationProperties,
  },
 );

-test(
-  calculateAugmentationMacro,
+calculateAugmentationMacro(
  "With queries",
  undefined,
  " a, b , c, d",
-  [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
  {},
  {
    ...dbConfig.defaultAugmentationProperties,
@@ -235,12 +230,11 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  calculateAugmentationMacro,
+calculateAugmentationMacro(
  "With queries combining",
  undefined,
  "   +   a, b , c, d ",
-  [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
  {},
  {
    ...dbConfig.defaultAugmentationProperties,
@@ -249,12 +243,11 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  calculateAugmentationMacro,
+calculateAugmentationMacro(
  "With packs",
  "   codeql/a , codeql/b   , codeql/c  , codeql/d  ",
  undefined,
-  [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
  {},
  {
    ...dbConfig.defaultAugmentationProperties,
@@ -262,12 +255,11 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  calculateAugmentationMacro,
+calculateAugmentationMacro(
  "With packs combining",
  "   +   codeql/a, codeql/b, codeql/c, codeql/d",
  undefined,
-  [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
  {},
  {
    ...dbConfig.defaultAugmentationProperties,
@@ -276,12 +268,11 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  calculateAugmentationMacro,
+calculateAugmentationMacro(
  "With repo property queries",
  undefined,
  undefined,
-  [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
  {
    "github-codeql-extra-queries": "a, b, c, d",
  },
@@ -294,12 +285,11 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  calculateAugmentationMacro,
+calculateAugmentationMacro(
  "With repo property queries combining",
  undefined,
  undefined,
-  [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
  {
    "github-codeql-extra-queries": "+ a, b, c, d",
  },
@@ -312,10 +302,9 @@ test(
  },
 );

-const calculateAugmentationErrorMacro = test.macro({
+const calculateAugmentationErrorMacro = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t: ExecutionContext,
-    _title: string,
    rawPacksInput: string | undefined,
    rawQueriesInput: string | undefined,
    languages: Language[],
@@ -333,53 +322,48 @@ const calculateAugmentationErrorMacro = test.macro({
      { message: expectedError },
    );
  },
-  title: (_, title) => `Calculate Augmentation Error: ${title}`,
+  title: (title) => `Calculate Augmentation Error: ${title}`,
 });

-test(
-  calculateAugmentationErrorMacro,
+calculateAugmentationErrorMacro(
  "Plus (+) with nothing else (queries)",
  undefined,
  "   +   ",
-  [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
  {},
  /The workflow property "queries" is invalid/,
 );

-test(
-  calculateAugmentationErrorMacro,
+calculateAugmentationErrorMacro(
  "Plus (+) with nothing else (packs)",
  "   +   ",
  undefined,
-  [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
  {},
  /The workflow property "packs" is invalid/,
 );

-test(
-  calculateAugmentationErrorMacro,
+calculateAugmentationErrorMacro(
  "Plus (+) with nothing else (repo property queries)",
  undefined,
  undefined,
-  [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
  {
    "github-codeql-extra-queries": "    + ",
  },
  /The repository property "github-codeql-extra-queries" is invalid/,
 );

-test(
-  calculateAugmentationErrorMacro,
+calculateAugmentationErrorMacro(
  "Packs input with multiple languages",
  "   +  a/b, c/d ",
  undefined,
-  [KnownLanguage.javascript, KnownLanguage.java],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.javascript, BuiltInLanguage.java],
  {},
  /Cannot specify a 'packs' input in a multi-language analysis/,
 );

-test(
-  calculateAugmentationErrorMacro,
+calculateAugmentationErrorMacro(
  "Packs input with no languages",
  "   +  a/b, c/d ",
  undefined,
@@ -388,12 +372,11 @@ test(
  /No languages specified/,
 );

-test(
-  calculateAugmentationErrorMacro,
+calculateAugmentationErrorMacro(
  "Invalid packs",
  " a-pack-without-a-scope ",
  undefined,
-  [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+  [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
  {},
  /"a-pack-without-a-scope" is not a valid pack/,
 );
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { createStubCodeQL } from "./codeql";
 import { Config } from "./config-utils";
 import { cleanupAndUploadDatabases } from "./database-upload";
 import * as gitUtils from "./git-utils";
-import { KnownLanguage } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage } from "./languages";
 import { RepositoryNwo } from "./repository";
 import {
  checkExpectedLogMessages,
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ const testApiDetails: GitHubApiDetails = {

 function getTestConfig(tmpDir: string): Config {
  return createTestConfig({
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript],
    dbLocation: tmpDir,
  });
 }
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ export function getArtifactSuffix(matrix: string | undefined): string {
    try {
      const matrixObject = JSON.parse(matrix);
      if (json.isObject(matrixObject)) {
-        for (const matrixKey of Object.keys(matrixObject as object).sort())
+        for (const matrixKey of Object.keys(matrixObject).sort())
          suffix += `-${matrixObject[matrixKey]}`;
      } else {
        core.warning("User-specified `matrix` input is not an object.");
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
-  "bundleVersion": "codeql-bundle-v2.25.2",
-  "cliVersion": "2.25.2",
-  "priorBundleVersion": "codeql-bundle-v2.25.1",
-  "priorCliVersion": "2.25.1"
+  "bundleVersion": "codeql-bundle-v2.25.4",
+  "cliVersion": "2.25.4",
+  "priorBundleVersion": "codeql-bundle-v2.25.3",
+  "priorCliVersion": "2.25.3"
 }
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import {
  CacheStoreResult,
 } from "./dependency-caching";
 import { Feature } from "./feature-flags";
-import { KnownLanguage } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage } from "./languages";
 import {
  setupTests,
  createFeatures,
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ test("checkHashPatterns - logs when no patterns match", async (t) => {
  const result = await checkHashPatterns(
    codeql,
    features,
-    KnownLanguage.csharp,
+    BuiltInLanguage.csharp,
    config,
    "download",
    getRecordingLogger(messages),
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ test("checkHashPatterns - returns patterns when patterns match", async (t) => {
    const result = await checkHashPatterns(
      codeql,
      features,
-      KnownLanguage.csharp,
+      BuiltInLanguage.csharp,
      config,
      "upload",
      getRecordingLogger(messages),
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ test.serial(
    const keyWithFeature = await cacheKey(
      codeql,
      createFeatures([Feature.CsharpNewCacheKey]),
-      KnownLanguage.csharp,
+      BuiltInLanguage.csharp,
      // Patterns don't matter here because we have stubbed `hashFiles` to always return a specific hash above.
      [],
    );
@@ -288,12 +288,12 @@ test.serial(
    const result = await downloadDependencyCaches(
      codeql,
      createFeatures([]),
-      [KnownLanguage.csharp],
+      [BuiltInLanguage.csharp],
      logger,
    );
    const statusReport = result.statusReport;
    t.is(statusReport.length, 1);
-    t.is(statusReport[0].language, KnownLanguage.csharp);
+    t.is(statusReport[0].language, BuiltInLanguage.csharp);
    t.is(statusReport[0].hit_kind, CacheHitKind.Miss);
    t.deepEqual(result.restoredKeys, []);
    t.assert(restoreCacheStub.calledOnce);
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ test.serial(
    const keyWithFeature = await cacheKey(
      codeql,
      features,
-      KnownLanguage.csharp,
+      BuiltInLanguage.csharp,
      // Patterns don't matter here because we have stubbed `hashFiles` to always return a specific hash above.
      [],
    );
@@ -334,14 +334,14 @@ test.serial(
    const result = await downloadDependencyCaches(
      codeql,
      features,
-      [KnownLanguage.csharp],
+      [BuiltInLanguage.csharp],
      logger,
    );

    // Check that the status report for telemetry indicates that one cache was restored with an exact match.
    const statusReport = result.statusReport;
    t.is(statusReport.length, 1);
-    t.is(statusReport[0].language, KnownLanguage.csharp);
+    t.is(statusReport[0].language, BuiltInLanguage.csharp);
    t.is(statusReport[0].hit_kind, CacheHitKind.Exact);

    // Check that the restored key has been returned.
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ test.serial(
    const keyWithFeature = await cacheKey(
      codeql,
      features,
-      KnownLanguage.csharp,
+      BuiltInLanguage.csharp,
      // Patterns don't matter here because we have stubbed `hashFiles` to always return a specific hash above.
      [],
    );
@@ -398,14 +398,14 @@ test.serial(
    const result = await downloadDependencyCaches(
      codeql,
      features,
-      [KnownLanguage.csharp],
+      [BuiltInLanguage.csharp],
      logger,
    );

    // Check that the status report for telemetry indicates that one cache was restored with a partial match.
    const statusReport = result.statusReport;
    t.is(statusReport.length, 1);
-    t.is(statusReport[0].language, KnownLanguage.csharp);
+    t.is(statusReport[0].language, BuiltInLanguage.csharp);
    t.is(statusReport[0].hit_kind, CacheHitKind.Partial);

    // Check that the restored key has been returned.
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ test("uploadDependencyCaches - skips upload for a language with no cache config"
  const logger = getRecordingLogger(messages);
  const features = createFeatures([]);
  const config = createTestConfig({
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.actions],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.actions],
  });

  const result = await uploadDependencyCaches(codeql, features, config, logger);
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ test.serial(
    const logger = getRecordingLogger(messages);
    const features = createFeatures([]);
    const config = createTestConfig({
-      languages: [KnownLanguage.go],
+      languages: [BuiltInLanguage.go],
    });

    const makePatternCheckStub = sinon.stub(internal, "makePatternCheck");
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ test.serial(
      logger,
    );
    t.is(result.length, 1);
-    t.is(result[0].language, KnownLanguage.go);
+    t.is(result[0].language, BuiltInLanguage.go);
    t.is(result[0].result, CacheStoreResult.NoHash);
  },
 );
@@ -483,12 +483,12 @@ test.serial(
    const primaryCacheKey = await cacheKey(
      codeql,
      features,
-      KnownLanguage.csharp,
+      BuiltInLanguage.csharp,
      CSHARP_BASE_PATTERNS,
    );

    const config = createTestConfig({
-      languages: [KnownLanguage.csharp],
+      languages: [BuiltInLanguage.csharp],
      dependencyCachingRestoredKeys: [primaryCacheKey],
    });

@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ test.serial(
      logger,
    );
    t.is(result.length, 1);
-    t.is(result[0].language, KnownLanguage.csharp);
+    t.is(result[0].language, BuiltInLanguage.csharp);
    t.is(result[0].result, CacheStoreResult.Duplicate);
  },
 );
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ test.serial(
    sinon.stub(cachingUtils, "getTotalCacheSize").resolves(0);

    const config = createTestConfig({
-      languages: [KnownLanguage.csharp],
+      languages: [BuiltInLanguage.csharp],
    });

    const result = await uploadDependencyCaches(
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ test.serial(
      logger,
    );
    t.is(result.length, 1);
-    t.is(result[0].language, KnownLanguage.csharp);
+    t.is(result[0].language, BuiltInLanguage.csharp);
    t.is(result[0].result, CacheStoreResult.Empty);

    checkExpectedLogMessages(t, messages, [
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ test.serial(
    sinon.stub(actionsCache, "saveCache").resolves();

    const config = createTestConfig({
-      languages: [KnownLanguage.csharp],
+      languages: [BuiltInLanguage.csharp],
    });

    const result = await uploadDependencyCaches(
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ test.serial(
      logger,
    );
    t.is(result.length, 1);
-    t.is(result[0].language, KnownLanguage.csharp);
+    t.is(result[0].language, BuiltInLanguage.csharp);
    t.is(result[0].result, CacheStoreResult.Stored);
    t.is(result[0].upload_size_bytes, 1024);

@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ test.serial(
      .throws(new actionsCache.ReserveCacheError("Already in use"));

    const config = createTestConfig({
-      languages: [KnownLanguage.csharp],
+      languages: [BuiltInLanguage.csharp],
    });

    await t.notThrowsAsync(async () => {
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ test.serial(
        logger,
      );
      t.is(result.length, 1);
-      t.is(result[0].language, KnownLanguage.csharp);
+      t.is(result[0].language, BuiltInLanguage.csharp);
      t.is(result[0].result, CacheStoreResult.Duplicate);

      checkExpectedLogMessages(t, messages, ["Not uploading cache for"]);
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ test.serial("uploadDependencyCaches - throws other exceptions", async (t) => {
  sinon.stub(actionsCache, "saveCache").throws();

  const config = createTestConfig({
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.csharp],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.csharp],
  });

  await t.throwsAsync(async () => {
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ test("getFeaturePrefix - returns empty string if no features are enabled", async
  const codeql = createStubCodeQL({});
  const features = createFeatures([]);

-  for (const knownLanguage of Object.values(KnownLanguage)) {
+  for (const knownLanguage of Object.values(BuiltInLanguage)) {
    const result = await getFeaturePrefix(codeql, features, knownLanguage);
    t.deepEqual(result, "", `Expected no feature prefix for ${knownLanguage}`);
  }
@@ -669,7 +669,11 @@ test("getFeaturePrefix - C# - returns prefix if CsharpNewCacheKey is enabled", a
  const codeql = createStubCodeQL({});
  const features = createFeatures([Feature.CsharpNewCacheKey]);

-  const result = await getFeaturePrefix(codeql, features, KnownLanguage.csharp);
+  const result = await getFeaturePrefix(
+    codeql,
+    features,
+    BuiltInLanguage.csharp,
+  );
  t.notDeepEqual(result, "");
  t.assert(result.endsWith("-"));
  // Check the length of the prefix, which should correspond to `cacheKeyHashLength` + 1 for the trailing `-`.
@@ -680,9 +684,9 @@ test("getFeaturePrefix - non-C# - returns '' if CsharpNewCacheKey is enabled", a
  const codeql = createStubCodeQL({});
  const features = createFeatures([Feature.CsharpNewCacheKey]);

-  for (const knownLanguage of Object.values(KnownLanguage)) {
+  for (const knownLanguage of Object.values(BuiltInLanguage)) {
    // Skip C# since we expect a result for it, which is tested in the previous test.
-    if (knownLanguage === KnownLanguage.csharp) {
+    if (knownLanguage === BuiltInLanguage.csharp) {
      continue;
    }
    const result = await getFeaturePrefix(codeql, features, knownLanguage);
@@ -694,7 +698,11 @@ test("getFeaturePrefix - C# - returns prefix if CsharpCacheBuildModeNone is enab
  const codeql = createStubCodeQL({});
  const features = createFeatures([Feature.CsharpCacheBuildModeNone]);

-  const result = await getFeaturePrefix(codeql, features, KnownLanguage.csharp);
+  const result = await getFeaturePrefix(
+    codeql,
+    features,
+    BuiltInLanguage.csharp,
+  );
  t.notDeepEqual(result, "");
  t.assert(result.endsWith("-"));
  // Check the length of the prefix, which should correspond to `cacheKeyHashLength` + 1 for the trailing `-`.
@@ -705,9 +713,9 @@ test("getFeaturePrefix - non-C# - returns '' if CsharpCacheBuildModeNone is enab
  const codeql = createStubCodeQL({});
  const features = createFeatures([Feature.CsharpCacheBuildModeNone]);

-  for (const knownLanguage of Object.values(KnownLanguage)) {
+  for (const knownLanguage of Object.values(BuiltInLanguage)) {
    // Skip C# since we expect a result for it, which is tested in the previous test.
-    if (knownLanguage === KnownLanguage.csharp) {
+    if (knownLanguage === BuiltInLanguage.csharp) {
      continue;
    }
    const result = await getFeaturePrefix(codeql, features, knownLanguage);
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { CodeQL } from "./codeql";
 import { Config } from "./config-utils";
 import { EnvVar } from "./environment";
 import { Feature, FeatureEnablement } from "./feature-flags";
-import { KnownLanguage, Language } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage, Language } from "./languages";
 import { Logger } from "./logging";
 import { getErrorMessage, getRequiredEnvParam } from "./util";

@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ export async function getFeaturePrefix(
    }
  };

-  if (language === KnownLanguage.csharp) {
+  if (language === BuiltInLanguage.csharp) {
    await addFeatureIfEnabled(Feature.CsharpNewCacheKey);
    await addFeatureIfEnabled(Feature.CsharpCacheBuildModeNone);
  }
@@ -72,6 +72,13 @@ let unwrittenDiagnostics: UnwrittenDiagnostic[] = [];
 */
 let unwrittenDefaultLanguageDiagnostics: DiagnosticMessage[] = [];

+/**
+ * Counter used to generate a unique suffix for each diagnostic filename, so that
+ * two diagnostics produced within the same millisecond do not overwrite each
+ * other on disk.
+ */
+let diagnosticCounter = 0;
+
 /**
 * Constructs a new diagnostic message with the specified id and name, as well as optional additional data.
 *
@@ -167,10 +174,18 @@ function writeDiagnostic(
    // Create the directory if it doesn't exist yet.
    mkdirSync(diagnosticsPath, { recursive: true });

+    // Include a monotonically increasing suffix to avoid filename collisions
+    // between diagnostics produced within the same millisecond.
+    const uniqueSuffix = (diagnosticCounter++).toString();
+    // We should only need to remove colons, but to be defensive, only allow a restricted set of
+    // characters.
+    const sanitizedTimestamp = diagnostic.timestamp.replace(
+      /[^a-zA-Z0-9.-]/g,
+      "",
+    );
    const jsonPath = path.resolve(
      diagnosticsPath,
-      // Remove colons from the timestamp as these are not allowed in Windows filenames.
-      `codeql-action-${diagnostic.timestamp.replaceAll(":", "")}.json`,
+      `codeql-action-${sanitizedTimestamp}-${uniqueSuffix}.json`,
    );

    writeFileSync(jsonPath, JSON.stringify(diagnostic));
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
  mockCodeQLVersion,
  mockFeatureFlagApiEndpoint,
  setupActionsVars,
+  makeMacro,
 } from "./testing-utils";
 import { GitHubVariant, withTmpDir } from "./util";
 import type { GitHubVersion } from "./util";
@@ -42,10 +43,9 @@ const defaultTestCase: DiffInformedAnalysisTestCase = {
  codeQLVersion: "2.21.0",
 };

-const testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis = test.macro({
+const testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t: ExecutionContext,
-    _title: string,
    partialTestCase: Partial<DiffInformedAnalysisTestCase>,
    expectedResult: boolean,
  ) => {
@@ -94,18 +94,16 @@ const testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis = test.macro({
      getPullRequestBranchesStub.restore();
    });
  },
-  title: (_, title) => `shouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis: ${title}`,
+  title: (title) => `shouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis: ${title}`,
 });

-test.serial(
-  testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis,
+testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis.serial(
  "returns true in the default test case",
  {},
  true,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis,
+testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis.serial(
  "returns false when feature flag is disabled from the API",
  {
    featureEnabled: false,
@@ -113,8 +111,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis,
+testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis.serial(
  "returns false when CODEQL_ACTION_DIFF_INFORMED_QUERIES is set to false",
  {
    featureEnabled: true,
@@ -123,8 +120,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis,
+testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis.serial(
  "returns true when CODEQL_ACTION_DIFF_INFORMED_QUERIES is set to true",
  {
    featureEnabled: false,
@@ -133,8 +129,7 @@ test.serial(
  true,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis,
+testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis.serial(
  "returns false for CodeQL version 2.20.0",
  {
    codeQLVersion: "2.20.0",
@@ -142,8 +137,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis,
+testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis.serial(
  "returns false for invalid GHES version",
  {
    gitHubVersion: {
@@ -154,8 +148,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis,
+testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis.serial(
  "returns false for GHES version 3.18.5",
  {
    gitHubVersion: {
@@ -166,8 +159,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis,
+testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis.serial(
  "returns true for GHES version 3.19.0",
  {
    gitHubVersion: {
@@ -178,8 +170,7 @@ test.serial(
  true,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis,
+testShouldPerformDiffInformedAnalysis.serial(
  "returns false when not a pull request",
  {
    pullRequestBranches: undefined,
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ export enum DocUrl {
  CODEQL_BUILD_MODES = "https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/code-scanning/creating-an-advanced-setup-for-code-scanning/codeql-code-scanning-for-compiled-languages#codeql-build-modes",
  DEFINE_ENV_VARIABLES = "https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions/variables#defining-environment-variables-for-a-single-workflow",
  DELETE_ACTIONS_CACHE_ENTRIES = "https://docs.github.com/en/actions/how-tos/manage-workflow-runs/manage-caches#deleting-cache-entries",
+  PRIVATE_REGISTRY_LOGS = "https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/reference/code-scanning/code-scanning-logs#diagnostic-information-for-private-package-registries",
  SCANNING_ON_PUSH = "https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/code-scanning/creating-an-advanced-setup-for-code-scanning/customizing-your-advanced-setup-for-code-scanning#scanning-on-push",
  SPECIFY_BUILD_STEPS_MANUALLY = "https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/code-scanning/creating-an-advanced-setup-for-code-scanning/codeql-code-scanning-for-compiled-languages#about-specifying-build-steps-manually",
  SYSTEM_REQUIREMENTS = "https://codeql.github.com/docs/codeql-overview/system-requirements/",
@@ -451,12 +451,16 @@ test.serial(`selects CLI from defaults.json on GHES`, async (t) => {
  await withTmpDir(async (tmpDir) => {
    const features = setUpFeatureFlagTests(tmpDir);

-    const defaultCliVersion = await features.getDefaultCliVersion(
+    const defaultCliVersion = await features.getEnabledDefaultCliVersions(
      GitHubVariant.GHES,
    );
    t.deepEqual(defaultCliVersion, {
-      cliVersion: defaults.cliVersion,
-      tagName: defaults.bundleVersion,
+      enabledVersions: [
+        {
+          cliVersion: defaults.cliVersion,
+          tagName: defaults.bundleVersion,
+        },
+      ],
    });
  });
 });
@@ -482,10 +486,13 @@ for (const variant of [GitHubVariant.DOTCOM, GitHubVariant.GHEC_DR]) {
          false;
        mockFeatureFlagApiEndpoint(200, expectedFeatureEnablement);

-        const defaultCliVersion = await features.getDefaultCliVersion(variant);
+        const defaultCliVersion =
+          await features.getEnabledDefaultCliVersions(variant);
        t.deepEqual(defaultCliVersion, {
-          cliVersion: "2.20.1",
-          tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.1",
+          enabledVersions: [
+            { cliVersion: "2.20.1", tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.1" },
+            { cliVersion: "2.20.0", tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.0" },
+          ],
          toolsFeatureFlagsValid: true,
        });
      });
@@ -500,10 +507,15 @@ for (const variant of [GitHubVariant.DOTCOM, GitHubVariant.GHEC_DR]) {
        const expectedFeatureEnablement = initializeFeatures(true);
        mockFeatureFlagApiEndpoint(200, expectedFeatureEnablement);

-        const defaultCliVersion = await features.getDefaultCliVersion(variant);
+        const defaultCliVersion =
+          await features.getEnabledDefaultCliVersions(variant);
        t.deepEqual(defaultCliVersion, {
-          cliVersion: defaults.cliVersion,
-          tagName: defaults.bundleVersion,
+          enabledVersions: [
+            {
+              cliVersion: defaults.cliVersion,
+              tagName: defaults.bundleVersion,
+            },
+          ],
          toolsFeatureFlagsValid: false,
        });
      });
@@ -529,10 +541,13 @@ for (const variant of [GitHubVariant.DOTCOM, GitHubVariant.GHEC_DR]) {
        ] = true;
        mockFeatureFlagApiEndpoint(200, expectedFeatureEnablement);

-        const defaultCliVersion = await features.getDefaultCliVersion(variant);
+        const defaultCliVersion =
+          await features.getEnabledDefaultCliVersions(variant);
        t.deepEqual(defaultCliVersion, {
-          cliVersion: "2.20.1",
-          tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.1",
+          enabledVersions: [
+            { cliVersion: "2.20.1", tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.1" },
+            { cliVersion: "2.20.0", tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.0" },
+          ],
          toolsFeatureFlagsValid: true,
        });

@@ -29,9 +29,32 @@ const DEFAULT_VERSION_FEATURE_FLAG_SUFFIX = "_enabled";
 */
 export const CODEQL_VERSION_ZSTD_BUNDLE = "2.19.0";

-export interface CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo {
+const LINKED_CODEQL_VERSION: CodeQLVersionInfo = {
+  cliVersion: defaults.cliVersion,
+  tagName: defaults.bundleVersion,
+};
+
+export interface CodeQLVersionInfo {
+  /** The version number of the CodeQL CLI, e.g. `2.19.0`. */
  cliVersion: string;
+  /**
+   * The tag name of the CodeQL Bundle associated with this version, e.g. `codeql-bundle-v2.19.0`.
+   */
  tagName: string;
+}
+
+export interface CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo {
+  /**
+   * CodeQL CLI versions that are enabled as defaults, sorted from highest to lowest.
+   *
+   * Guaranteed to be non-empty. When feature flags are unavailable, this falls back to a single
+   * entry containing the version pinned in `defaults.json`.
+   */
+  enabledVersions: CodeQLVersionInfo[];
+  /**
+   * If accessed, whether the tools feature flags are valid, i.e. contain at least one enabled
+   * version.
+   */
  toolsFeatureFlagsValid?: boolean;
 }

@@ -72,6 +95,19 @@ export enum Feature {
  OverlayAnalysisGo = "overlay_analysis_go",
  OverlayAnalysisJava = "overlay_analysis_java",
  OverlayAnalysisJavascript = "overlay_analysis_javascript",
+  /**
+   * When set, chooses the default CodeQL CLI version as the highest version that is both enabled by
+   * feature flags and present as an overlay-base database in the Actions cache for the configured
+   * languages. Falls back to the highest feature flagged version if no intersecting overlay-base
+   * database exists in the cache.
+   */
+  OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion = "overlay_analysis_match_codeql_version",
+  /**
+   * Like `OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion`, but only logs a diagnostic with the version that
+   * would have been chosen instead of actually changing the default CodeQL CLI version.
+   * `OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion` overrides this flag.
+   */
+  OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersionDryRun = "overlay_analysis_match_codeql_version_dry_run",
  OverlayAnalysisPython = "overlay_analysis_python",
  /**
   * Controls whether lower disk space requirements are used for overlay hardware checks.
@@ -277,6 +313,16 @@ export const featureConfig = {
    envVar: "CODEQL_ACTION_OVERLAY_ANALYSIS_DISABLE_TRAP_CACHING",
    minimumVersion: undefined,
  },
+  [Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion]: {
+    defaultValue: false,
+    envVar: "CODEQL_ACTION_OVERLAY_ANALYSIS_MATCH_CODEQL_VERSION",
+    minimumVersion: undefined,
+  },
+  [Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersionDryRun]: {
+    defaultValue: false,
+    envVar: "CODEQL_ACTION_OVERLAY_ANALYSIS_MATCH_CODEQL_VERSION_DRY_RUN",
+    minimumVersion: undefined,
+  },
  [Feature.OverlayAnalysisResourceChecksV2]: {
    defaultValue: false,
    envVar: "CODEQL_ACTION_OVERLAY_ANALYSIS_RESOURCE_CHECKS_V2",
@@ -346,8 +392,12 @@ export type FeatureWithoutCLI = {
 }[keyof typeof featureConfig];

 export interface FeatureEnablement {
-  /** Gets the default version of the CodeQL tools. */
-  getDefaultCliVersion(
+  /**
+   * Returns the set of default CodeQL CLI versions to consider, sorted from
+   * highest to lowest. The first entry is the version that the CodeQL Action
+   * will use by default. The list is always non-empty.
+   */
+  getEnabledDefaultCliVersions(
    variant: util.GitHubVariant,
  ): Promise<CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo>;
  getValue(feature: FeatureWithoutCLI): Promise<boolean>;
@@ -371,12 +421,11 @@ export const FEATURE_FLAGS_FILE_NAME = "cached-feature-flags.json";
 class OfflineFeatures implements FeatureEnablement {
  constructor(protected readonly logger: Logger) {}

-  async getDefaultCliVersion(
+  async getEnabledDefaultCliVersions(
    _variant: util.GitHubVariant,
  ): Promise<CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo> {
    return {
-      cliVersion: defaults.cliVersion,
-      tagName: defaults.bundleVersion,
+      enabledVersions: [LINKED_CODEQL_VERSION],
    };
  }

@@ -386,7 +435,7 @@ class OfflineFeatures implements FeatureEnablement {
  getFeatureConfig(feature: Feature): FeatureConfig {
    // Narrow the type to FeatureConfig to avoid type errors. To avoid unsafe use of `as`, we
    // check that the required properties exist using `satisfies`.
-    return featureConfig[feature] satisfies FeatureConfig as FeatureConfig;
+    return featureConfig[feature] satisfies FeatureConfig;
  }

  /**
@@ -518,13 +567,13 @@ class Features extends OfflineFeatures {
    );
  }

-  async getDefaultCliVersion(
+  async getEnabledDefaultCliVersions(
    variant: util.GitHubVariant,
  ): Promise<CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo> {
    if (supportsFeatureFlags(variant)) {
-      return await this.gitHubFeatureFlags.getDefaultCliVersionFromFlags();
+      return await this.gitHubFeatureFlags.getEnabledDefaultCliVersionsFromFlags();
    }
-    return super.getDefaultCliVersion(variant);
+    return super.getEnabledDefaultCliVersions(variant);
  }

  /**
@@ -600,16 +649,22 @@ class GitHubFeatureFlags {
    return version;
  }

-  async getDefaultCliVersionFromFlags(): Promise<CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo> {
+  /**
+   * Returns CLI versions enabled by `default_codeql_version_*_enabled` feature
+   * flags, sorted from highest to lowest. Falls back to the version pinned in
+   * `defaults.json` if no such flags are enabled.
+   */
+  async getEnabledDefaultCliVersionsFromFlags(): Promise<CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo> {
    const response = await this.getAllFeatures();

-    const enabledFeatureFlagCliVersions = Object.entries(response)
+    const sortedCliVersions = Object.entries(response)
      .map(([f, isEnabled]) =>
        isEnabled ? this.getCliVersionFromFeatureFlag(f) : undefined,
      )
-      .filter((f): f is string => f !== undefined);
+      .filter((f): f is string => f !== undefined)
+      .sort(semver.rcompare);

-    if (enabledFeatureFlagCliVersions.length === 0) {
+    if (sortedCliVersions.length === 0) {
      // We expect at least one default CLI version to be enabled on Dotcom at any time. However if
      // the feature flags are misconfigured, rather than crashing, we fall back to the CLI version
      // shipped with the Action in defaults.json. This has the effect of immediately rolling out
@@ -625,8 +680,7 @@ class GitHubFeatureFlags {
          `shipped with the Action. This is ${defaults.cliVersion}.`,
      );
      const result: CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo = {
-        cliVersion: defaults.cliVersion,
-        tagName: defaults.bundleVersion,
+        enabledVersions: [LINKED_CODEQL_VERSION],
      };
      if (this.hasAccessedRemoteFeatureFlags) {
        result.toolsFeatureFlagsValid = false;
@@ -634,17 +688,14 @@ class GitHubFeatureFlags {
      return result;
    }

-    const maxCliVersion = enabledFeatureFlagCliVersions.reduce(
-      (maxVersion, currentVersion) =>
-        currentVersion > maxVersion ? currentVersion : maxVersion,
-      enabledFeatureFlagCliVersions[0],
-    );
    this.logger.debug(
-      `Derived default CLI version of ${maxCliVersion} from feature flags.`,
+      `Derived default CLI version of ${sortedCliVersions[0]} from feature flags.`,
    );
    return {
-      cliVersion: maxCliVersion,
-      tagName: `codeql-bundle-v${maxCliVersion}`,
+      enabledVersions: sortedCliVersions.map((cliVersion) => ({
+        cliVersion,
+        tagName: `codeql-bundle-v${cliVersion}`,
+      })),
      toolsFeatureFlagsValid: true,
    };
  }
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
  createFeatures,
  createTestConfig,
  DEFAULT_ACTIONS_VARS,
+  makeMacro,
  makeVersionInfo,
  RecordingLogger,
  setupActionsVars,
@@ -601,7 +602,7 @@ async function testFailedSarifUpload(
  uploadFiles.resolves({
    sarifID: "42",
    statusReport: { raw_upload_size_bytes: 20, zipped_upload_size_bytes: 10 },
-  } as uploadLib.UploadResult);
+  });
  const waitForProcessing = sinon.stub(uploadLib, "waitForProcessing");

  const features = [] as Feature[];
@@ -796,7 +797,7 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-const skippedUploadTest = test.macro({
+const skippedUploadTest = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t: ExecutionContext<unknown>,
    config: Partial<configUtils.Config>,
@@ -823,9 +824,8 @@ const skippedUploadTest = test.macro({
    `tryUploadSarifIfRunFailed - skips upload ${providedTitle}`,
 });

-test.serial(
+skippedUploadTest.serial(
  "without CodeQL command",
-  skippedUploadTest,
  // No codeQLCmd
  {
    analysisKinds: [AnalysisKind.RiskAssessment],
@@ -834,9 +834,8 @@ test.serial(
  "CodeQL command not found",
 );

-test.serial(
+skippedUploadTest.serial(
  "if no language is configured",
-  skippedUploadTest,
  // No explicit language configuration
  {
    analysisKinds: [AnalysisKind.RiskAssessment],
@@ -845,9 +844,8 @@ test.serial(
  "Unexpectedly, the configuration is not for a single language.",
 );

-test.serial(
+skippedUploadTest.serial(
  "if multiple languages is configured",
-  skippedUploadTest,
  // Multiple explicit languages configured
  {
    analysisKinds: [AnalysisKind.RiskAssessment],
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ import {
  initConfig,
  runDatabaseInitCluster,
 } from "./init";
-import { JavaEnvVars, KnownLanguage } from "./languages";
+import { JavaEnvVars, BuiltInLanguage } from "./languages";
 import { getActionsLogger, Logger, withGroupAsync } from "./logging";
 import {
  downloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
@@ -298,16 +298,23 @@ async function run(startedAt: Date) {
      );
    }

-    const codeQLDefaultVersionInfo = await features.getDefaultCliVersion(
-      gitHubVersion.type,
-    );
+    const codeQLDefaultVersionInfo =
+      await features.getEnabledDefaultCliVersions(gitHubVersion.type);
    toolsFeatureFlagsValid = codeQLDefaultVersionInfo.toolsFeatureFlagsValid;
+    const rawLanguages = configUtils.getRawLanguagesNoAutodetect(
+      getOptionalInput("languages"),
+    );
+    const useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion = !!analysisKinds?.includes(
+      AnalysisKind.CodeScanning,
+    );
    const initCodeQLResult = await initCodeQL(
      getOptionalInput("tools"),
      apiDetails,
      getTemporaryDirectory(),
      gitHubVersion.type,
      codeQLDefaultVersionInfo,
+      rawLanguages,
+      useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion,
      features,
      logger,
    );
@@ -330,7 +337,7 @@ async function run(startedAt: Date) {
      // requested rust - don't enable it via language autodetection.
      configUtils
        .getRawLanguagesNoAutodetect(getOptionalInput("languages"))
-        .includes(KnownLanguage.rust)
+        .includes(BuiltInLanguage.rust)
    ) {
      const experimental = "2.19.3";
      const publicPreview = "2.22.1";
@@ -390,7 +397,7 @@ async function run(startedAt: Date) {
    });

    if (
-      config.languages.includes(KnownLanguage.swift) &&
+      config.languages.includes(BuiltInLanguage.swift) &&
      process.platform !== "darwin"
    ) {
      throw new ConfigurationError(
@@ -465,18 +472,23 @@ async function run(startedAt: Date) {
      // necessary preparations. So, in that mode, we would assume that
      // everything is in order and let the analysis fail if that turns out not
      // to be the case.
-      overlayBaseDatabaseStats = await downloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache(
-        codeql,
-        config,
-        logger,
+      await withGroupAsync(
+        "Checking cache for overlay-base database",
+        async () => {
+          overlayBaseDatabaseStats = await downloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache(
+            codeql,
+            config,
+            logger,
+          );
+          if (!overlayBaseDatabaseStats) {
+            config.overlayDatabaseMode = OverlayDatabaseMode.None;
+            logger.info(
+              "No overlay-base database found in cache, " +
+                `reverting overlay database mode to ${OverlayDatabaseMode.None}.`,
+            );
+          }
+        },
      );
-      if (!overlayBaseDatabaseStats) {
-        config.overlayDatabaseMode = OverlayDatabaseMode.None;
-        logger.info(
-          "No overlay-base database found in cache, " +
-            `reverting overlay database mode to ${OverlayDatabaseMode.None}.`,
-        );
-      }
    }

    if (config.overlayDatabaseMode !== OverlayDatabaseMode.Overlay) {
@@ -509,7 +521,7 @@ async function run(startedAt: Date) {
    }

    if (
-      config.languages.includes(KnownLanguage.go) &&
+      config.languages.includes(BuiltInLanguage.go) &&
      process.platform === "linux"
    ) {
      try {
@@ -567,7 +579,7 @@ async function run(startedAt: Date) {
        if (e instanceof FileCmdNotFoundError) {
          addDiagnostic(
            config,
-            KnownLanguage.go,
+            BuiltInLanguage.go,
            makeDiagnostic(
              "go/workflow/file-program-unavailable",
              "The `file` program is required on Linux, but does not appear to be installed",
@@ -661,7 +673,7 @@ async function run(startedAt: Date) {
      (await codeQlVersionAtLeast(codeql, CODEQL_VERSION_JAR_MINIMIZATION)) &&
      config.dependencyCachingEnabled &&
      config.buildMode === BuildMode.None &&
-      config.languages.includes(KnownLanguage.java)
+      config.languages.includes(BuiltInLanguage.java)
    ) {
      core.exportVariable(
        EnvVar.JAVA_EXTRACTOR_MINIMIZE_DEPENDENCY_JARS,
@@ -15,13 +15,14 @@ import {
  getFileCoverageInformationEnabled,
  logFileCoverageOnPrsDeprecationWarning,
 } from "./init";
-import { KnownLanguage } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage } from "./languages";
 import {
  createFeatures,
  LoggedMessage,
  createTestConfig,
  getRecordingLogger,
  setupTests,
+  makeMacro,
 } from "./testing-utils";
 import { ConfigurationError, withTmpDir } from "./util";

@@ -152,16 +153,15 @@ test("cleanupDatabaseClusterDirectory can disable warning with options", async (
 });

 type PackInfo = {
-  language: KnownLanguage;
+  language: BuiltInLanguage;
  packinfoContents: string | undefined;
  sourceOnlyPack?: boolean;
  qlpackFileName?: string;
 };

-const testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility = test.macro({
+const testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t: ExecutionContext,
-    _title: string,
    {
      cliOverlayVersion,
      languages,
@@ -169,13 +169,13 @@ const testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility = test.macro({
      expectedResult,
    }: {
      cliOverlayVersion: number | undefined;
-      languages: KnownLanguage[];
+      languages: BuiltInLanguage[];
      packs: Record<string, PackInfo>;
      expectedResult: boolean;
    },
  ) => {
    await withTmpDir(async (tmpDir) => {
-      const packDirsByLanguage = new Map<KnownLanguage, string[]>();
+      const packDirsByLanguage = new Map<BuiltInLanguage, string[]>();

      for (const [packName, packInfo] of Object.entries(packs)) {
        const packPath = path.join(tmpDir, packName);
@@ -234,18 +234,17 @@ const testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility = test.macro({
      );
    });
  },
-  title: (_, title) => `checkPacksForOverlayCompatibility: ${title}`,
+  title: (title) => `checkPacksForOverlayCompatibility: ${title}`,
 });

-test(
-  testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility,
+testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility(
  "returns false when CLI does not support overlay",
  {
    cliOverlayVersion: undefined,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
    packs: {
      "codeql/java-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: '{"overlayVersion":2}',
      },
    },
@@ -253,26 +252,24 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility,
+testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility(
  "returns true when there are no query packs",
  {
    cliOverlayVersion: 2,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
    packs: {},
    expectedResult: true,
  },
 );

-test(
-  testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility,
+testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility(
  "returns true when query pack has not been compiled",
  {
    cliOverlayVersion: 2,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
    packs: {
      "codeql/java-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: undefined,
        sourceOnlyPack: true,
      },
@@ -281,15 +278,14 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility,
+testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility(
  "returns true when query pack has expected overlay version",
  {
    cliOverlayVersion: 2,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
    packs: {
      "codeql/java-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: '{"overlayVersion":2}',
      },
    },
@@ -297,19 +293,18 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility,
+testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility(
  "returns true when query packs for all languages to analyze are compatible",
  {
    cliOverlayVersion: 2,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.cpp, KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.cpp, BuiltInLanguage.java],
    packs: {
      "codeql/cpp-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.cpp,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.cpp,
        packinfoContents: '{"overlayVersion":2}',
      },
      "codeql/java-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: '{"overlayVersion":2}',
      },
    },
@@ -317,19 +312,18 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility,
+testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility(
  "returns true when query pack for a language not analyzed is incompatible",
  {
    cliOverlayVersion: 2,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
    packs: {
      "codeql/cpp-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.cpp,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.cpp,
        packinfoContents: undefined,
      },
      "codeql/java-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: '{"overlayVersion":2}',
      },
    },
@@ -337,19 +331,18 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility,
+testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility(
  "returns false when query pack for a language to analyze is incompatible",
  {
    cliOverlayVersion: 2,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.cpp, KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.cpp, BuiltInLanguage.java],
    packs: {
      "codeql/cpp-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.cpp,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.cpp,
        packinfoContents: '{"overlayVersion":1}',
      },
      "codeql/java-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: '{"overlayVersion":2}',
      },
    },
@@ -357,19 +350,18 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility,
+testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility(
  "returns false when query pack is missing .packinfo",
  {
    cliOverlayVersion: 2,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
    packs: {
      "codeql/java-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: '{"overlayVersion":2}',
      },
      "custom/queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: undefined,
      },
    },
@@ -377,19 +369,18 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility,
+testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility(
  "returns false when query pack has different overlay version",
  {
    cliOverlayVersion: 2,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
    packs: {
      "codeql/java-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: '{"overlayVersion":2}',
      },
      "custom/queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: '{"overlayVersion":1}',
      },
    },
@@ -397,19 +388,18 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility,
+testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility(
  "returns false when query pack is missing overlayVersion in .packinfo",
  {
    cliOverlayVersion: 2,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
    packs: {
      "codeql/java-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: '{"overlayVersion":2}',
      },
      "custom/queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: "{}",
      },
    },
@@ -417,19 +407,18 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility,
+testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility(
  "returns false when .packinfo is not valid JSON",
  {
    cliOverlayVersion: 2,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
    packs: {
      "codeql/java-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: '{"overlayVersion":2}',
      },
      "custom/queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: "this_is_not_valid_json",
      },
    },
@@ -437,15 +426,14 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
-  testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility,
+testCheckPacksForOverlayCompatibility(
  "returns true when query pack uses codeql-pack.yml filename",
  {
    cliOverlayVersion: 2,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
    packs: {
      "codeql/java-queries": {
-        language: KnownLanguage.java,
+        language: BuiltInLanguage.java,
        packinfoContents: '{"overlayVersion":2}',
        qlpackFileName: "codeql-pack.yml",
      },
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import {
  RepositoryProperties,
  RepositoryPropertyName,
 } from "./feature-flags/properties";
-import { KnownLanguage, Language } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage, Language } from "./languages";
 import { Logger, withGroupAsync } from "./logging";
 import { ToolsSource } from "./setup-codeql";
 import { ZstdAvailability } from "./tar";
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ export async function initCodeQL(
  tempDir: string,
  variant: util.GitHubVariant,
  defaultCliVersion: CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo,
+  rawLanguages: string[] | undefined,
+  useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion: boolean,
  features: FeatureEnablement,
  logger: Logger,
 ): Promise<{
@@ -61,6 +63,8 @@ export async function initCodeQL(
    tempDir,
    variant,
    defaultCliVersion,
+    rawLanguages,
+    useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion,
    features,
    logger,
    true,
@@ -235,7 +239,7 @@ export async function checkInstallPython311(
  codeql: CodeQL,
 ) {
  if (
-    languages.includes(KnownLanguage.python) &&
+    languages.includes(BuiltInLanguage.python) &&
    process.platform === "win32" &&
    !(await codeql.getVersion()).features?.supportsPython312
  ) {
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import test from "ava";
+
+import { setupTests } from "../testing-utils";
+
+import * as json from ".";
+
+setupTests(test);
+
+const testSchema = {
+  requiredKey: json.string,
+};
+
+const optionalSchema = {
+  optionalKey: json.optional(json.string),
+};
+
+test("validateSchema - required properties are required", async (t) => {
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(testSchema, {}));
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(testSchema, { requiredKey: undefined }));
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(testSchema, { requiredKey: null }));
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(testSchema, { requiredKey: 0 }));
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(testSchema, { requiredKey: 123 }));
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(testSchema, { requiredKey: false }));
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(testSchema, { requiredKey: true }));
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(testSchema, { requiredKey: [] }));
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(testSchema, { requiredKey: {} }));
+  t.true(json.validateSchema(testSchema, { requiredKey: "" }));
+  t.true(json.validateSchema(testSchema, { requiredKey: "foo" }));
+});
+
+test("validateSchema - optional properties are optional", async (t) => {
+  // Optional fields may be absent
+  t.true(json.validateSchema(optionalSchema, {}));
+  t.true(json.validateSchema(optionalSchema, { optionalKey: undefined }));
+  t.true(json.validateSchema(optionalSchema, { optionalKey: null }));
+
+  // But, if present, should have the expected type
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(optionalSchema, { optionalKey: 0 }));
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(optionalSchema, { optionalKey: 123 }));
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(optionalSchema, { optionalKey: false }));
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(optionalSchema, { optionalKey: true }));
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(optionalSchema, { optionalKey: [] }));
+  t.false(json.validateSchema(optionalSchema, { optionalKey: {} }));
+  t.true(json.validateSchema(optionalSchema, { optionalKey: "" }));
+  t.true(json.validateSchema(optionalSchema, { optionalKey: "foo" }));
+});
@@ -36,3 +36,82 @@ export function isStringOrUndefined(
 ): value is string | undefined {
  return value === undefined || isString(value);
 }
+
+/**
+ * Represents a field of type `T` in a schema.
+ * Carries a validation function and flag indicating whether the field is required or not.
+ */
+export type Validator<T> = {
+  validate: (val: unknown) => val is T;
+  required: boolean;
+};
+
+/** Extracts `T` from `Validator<T>`. */
+export type UnwrapValidator<V> = V extends Validator<infer A> ? A : never;
+
+/** A validator for string fields in schemas. */
+export const string = {
+  validate: isString,
+  required: true,
+} as const satisfies Validator<string>;
+
+/** Transforms a validator to be optional. */
+export function optional<T>(validator: Validator<T>) {
+  return {
+    validate: (val: unknown) => {
+      return val === undefined || val === null || validator.validate(val);
+    },
+    required: false,
+  } as const satisfies Validator<T | undefined | null>;
+}
+
+/** Represents an arbitrary object schema. */
+export type Schema = Record<string, Validator<any>>;
+
+/** Extracts the required keys from `S`. */
+export type RequiredKeys<S extends Schema> = {
+  [K in keyof S]: S[K]["required"] extends true ? K : never;
+}[keyof S];
+
+/** Extracts optional keys from `S`. */
+export type OptionalKeys<S extends Schema> = {
+  [K in keyof S]: S[K]["required"] extends true ? never : K;
+}[keyof S];
+
+/** Constructs an object type corresponding to a schema. */
+export type FromSchema<S extends Schema> = {
+  [K in RequiredKeys<S>]: UnwrapValidator<S[K]>;
+} & { [K in OptionalKeys<S>]?: UnwrapValidator<S[K]> };
+
+/**
+ * Validates that `obj` satisfies at least `schema`. Additional keys are accepted.
+ *
+ * @param schema The schema to validate against.
+ * @param obj The object to validate.
+ * @returns Asserts that `obj` is of the `schema`'s type if validation is successful.
+ */
+export function validateSchema<S extends Schema>(
+  schema: S,
+  obj: UnvalidatedObject<any>,
+): obj is FromSchema<S> {
+  for (const [key, validator] of Object.entries(schema)) {
+    const hasKey = key in obj;
+
+    // If the property is required, but absent, fail.
+    if (validator.required && !hasKey) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // If the property is required, but undefined or null, fail.
+    if (validator.required && (obj[key] === undefined || obj[key] === null)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // If the property is present, validate it.
+    if (hasKey && !validator.validate(obj[key])) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import { ExecutionContext } from "ava";
+
+import * as json from ".";
+
+/**
+ * Constructs an object based on `schema` for unit tests.
+ * Assumes that all keys in `schema` have string values.
+ *
+ * @param includeOptional Whether to include optional properties.
+ * @param schema The schema to base the object on.
+ * @returns An object that satisfies `schema`.
+ */
+export function makeFromSchema<S extends json.Schema>(
+  includeOptional: boolean,
+  schema: S,
+): json.FromSchema<S> {
+  const result = {};
+  for (const [key, validator] of Object.entries(schema)) {
+    if (!validator.required && !includeOptional) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    result[key] = `value-for-${key}`;
+  }
+  return result as json.FromSchema<S>;
+}
+
+/** Options for `withSchemaMatrix`. */
+export interface SchemaMatrixOptions {
+  /** Whether cases where the properties are entirely absent should be excluded. */
+  excludeAbsent?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a test matrix of possible objects for `schema`: all required properties
+ * plus all permutations of possible states for the optional properties.
+ *
+ * @param schema The schema to construct a test matrix for.
+ * @param body The test body to call with each value from the test matrix.
+ */
+export function withSchemaMatrix<S extends json.Schema>(
+  t: ExecutionContext<any>,
+  schema: S,
+  opts: SchemaMatrixOptions,
+  body: (value: json.FromSchema<S>) => void,
+): void {
+  // Construct a base object that includes all required properties.
+  const required = makeFromSchema(false, schema);
+
+  // Identify optional properties.
+  const optionalKeys: Array<keyof S> = [];
+
+  for (const [key, validator] of Object.entries(schema)) {
+    if (!validator.required) {
+      optionalKeys.push(key);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const optionalValues = (key: keyof S) => [
+    null,
+    undefined,
+    `value-for-${String(key)}`,
+  ];
+
+  // Constructs an array of test objects, starting with `required` and combining it with all
+  // possible states of each optional property. For example, with default settings:
+  //
+  // For { requiredKey: string }, we get: `[{ requiredKey: "some-string-value" }]`
+  //
+  // For { requiredKey: string, optionalKey?: string }, we get:
+  // [ { requiredKey: "some-string-value" },
+  //   { requiredKey: "some-string-value", optionalKey: undefined },
+  //   { requiredKey: "some-string-value", optionalKey: null },
+  //   { requiredKey: "some-string-value", optionalKey: "some-value" },
+  // ]
+  const permutations = (keys: Array<keyof S>) => {
+    if (keys.length === 0) return [required];
+
+    const bases = permutations(keys.slice(1));
+    const result: Array<json.FromSchema<S>> = [];
+
+    const optionalKey = keys[0];
+    for (const base of bases) {
+      if (!opts.excludeAbsent) {
+        // Optional keys can be absent entirely.
+        result.push(base);
+      }
+
+      // Or be present and have one of the `optionalValues`.
+      for (const optionalValue of optionalValues(optionalKey)) {
+        result.push({ ...base, [optionalKey]: optionalValue });
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Call `body` for all test cases.
+  const testCases = permutations(optionalKeys);
+  for (const testCase of testCases) {
+    try {
+      body(testCase);
+    } catch (err) {
+      t.log(testCase);
+      throw err;
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "c": "cpp",
-  "c#": "csharp",
-  "c++": "cpp",
-  "c-c++": "cpp",
-  "c-cpp": "cpp",
-  "java-kotlin": "java",
-  "javascript-typescript": "javascript",
-  "kotlin": "java",
-  "typescript": "javascript"
-}
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-/** A language to analyze with CodeQL. */
-export type Language = string;
-
-/**
- * A language supported by CodeQL that is treated specially by the Action.
- *
- * This is not an exhaustive list of languages supported by CodeQL and new
- * languages do not need to be added here.
- */
-export enum KnownLanguage {
-  actions = "actions",
-  cpp = "cpp",
-  csharp = "csharp",
-  go = "go",
-  java = "java",
-  javascript = "javascript",
-  python = "python",
-  ruby = "ruby",
-  rust = "rust",
-  swift = "swift",
-}
-
-/** Java-specific environment variable names that we may care about. */
-export enum JavaEnvVars {
-  JAVA_HOME = "JAVA_HOME",
-  JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS = "JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS",
-  JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS = "JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS",
-  _JAVA_OPTIONS = "_JAVA_OPTIONS",
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "languages": [
+    "actions",
+    "cpp",
+    "csharp",
+    "go",
+    "java",
+    "javascript",
+    "python",
+    "ruby",
+    "rust",
+    "swift"
+  ],
+  "aliases": {
+    "c": "cpp",
+    "c-c++": "cpp",
+    "c-cpp": "cpp",
+    "c#": "csharp",
+    "c++": "cpp",
+    "java-kotlin": "java",
+    "javascript-typescript": "javascript",
+    "kotlin": "java",
+    "typescript": "javascript"
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import test from "ava";
+
+import { setupTests } from "../testing-utils";
+
+import knownLanguagesData from "./builtin.json";
+
+import { isBuiltInLanguage, BuiltInLanguage, parseBuiltInLanguage } from ".";
+
+setupTests(test);
+
+test("parseBuiltInLanguage", (t) => {
+  // Exact matches
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("csharp"), BuiltInLanguage.csharp);
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("cpp"), BuiltInLanguage.cpp);
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("go"), BuiltInLanguage.go);
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("java"), BuiltInLanguage.java);
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("javascript"), BuiltInLanguage.javascript);
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("python"), BuiltInLanguage.python);
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("rust"), BuiltInLanguage.rust);
+
+  // Aliases
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("  \t\nCsHaRp\t\t"), BuiltInLanguage.csharp);
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("c"), BuiltInLanguage.cpp);
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("c++"), BuiltInLanguage.cpp);
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("kotlin"), BuiltInLanguage.java);
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("typescript"), BuiltInLanguage.javascript);
+
+  // spaces and case-insensitivity
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("  \t\nkOtLin\t\t"), BuiltInLanguage.java);
+
+  // Not matches
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage(BuiltInLanguage.python), BuiltInLanguage.python);
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage("foo"), undefined);
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage(" "), undefined);
+  t.is(parseBuiltInLanguage(""), undefined);
+});
+
+test("isBuiltInLanguage matches the curated built-in language set", (t) => {
+  t.true(isBuiltInLanguage(BuiltInLanguage.actions));
+  t.true(isBuiltInLanguage(BuiltInLanguage.swift));
+  t.false(isBuiltInLanguage("typescript"));
+});
+
+test("BuiltInLanguage enum matches builtin.json", (t) => {
+  t.deepEqual(Object.values(BuiltInLanguage), knownLanguagesData.languages);
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import knownLanguagesData from "./builtin.json";
+
+/** A language to analyze with CodeQL. */
+export type Language = string;
+
+/** A language built into the `defaults.json` CodeQL distribution. */
+export enum BuiltInLanguage {
+  actions = "actions",
+  cpp = "cpp",
+  csharp = "csharp",
+  go = "go",
+  java = "java",
+  javascript = "javascript",
+  python = "python",
+  ruby = "ruby",
+  rust = "rust",
+  swift = "swift",
+}
+
+/** Java-specific environment variable names that we may care about. */
+export enum JavaEnvVars {
+  JAVA_HOME = "JAVA_HOME",
+  JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS = "JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS",
+  JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS = "JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS",
+  _JAVA_OPTIONS = "_JAVA_OPTIONS",
+}
+
+const builtInLanguageSet = new Set<string>(knownLanguagesData.languages);
+
+export function isBuiltInLanguage(
+  language: string,
+): language is BuiltInLanguage {
+  return builtInLanguageSet.has(language);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a language input corresponding to a built-in language into its canonical CodeQL language
+ * name.
+ *
+ * This uses the language aliases shipped with the Action and will not be able to resolve aliases
+ * added by third-party CodeQL language support or versions of the CodeQL CLI newer than the one
+ * mentioned in `defaults.json`. Therefore, this function should only be used when the CodeQL CLI is
+ * not available.
+ */
+export function parseBuiltInLanguage(
+  language: string,
+): BuiltInLanguage | undefined {
+  language = language.trim().toLowerCase();
+  language =
+    knownLanguagesData.aliases[
+      language as keyof typeof knownLanguagesData.aliases
+    ] ?? language;
+  if (isBuiltInLanguage(language)) {
+    return language;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@ import * as sinon from "sinon";

 import * as actionsUtil from "../actions-util";
 import * as apiClient from "../api-client";
-import { ResolveDatabaseOutput } from "../codeql";
+import type { ResolveDatabaseOutput } from "../codeql";
 import * as gitUtils from "../git-utils";
-import { KnownLanguage } from "../languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage } from "../languages";
 import { getRunnerLogger } from "../logging";
 import {
  createTestConfig,
+  makeMacro,
  mockCodeQLVersion,
  setupTests,
 } from "../testing-utils";
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import {
  downloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
  getCacheRestoreKeyPrefix,
  getCacheSaveKey,
+  getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases,
 } from "./caching";
 import { OverlayDatabaseMode } from "./overlay-database-mode";

@@ -50,10 +52,9 @@ const defaultDownloadTestCase: DownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseTestCase = {
  resolveDatabaseOutput: { overlayBaseSpecifier: "20250626:XXX" },
 };

-const testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache = test.macro({
+const testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t,
-    _title: string,
    partialTestCase: Partial<DownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseTestCase>,
    expectDownloadSuccess: boolean,
  ) => {
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ const testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache = test.macro({
      const testCase = { ...defaultDownloadTestCase, ...partialTestCase };
      const config = createTestConfig({
        dbLocation,
-        languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+        languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
      });

      config.overlayDatabaseMode = testCase.overlayDatabaseMode;
@@ -141,18 +142,16 @@ const testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache = test.macro({
      }
    });
  },
-  title: (_, title) => `downloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache: ${title}`,
+  title: (title) => `downloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache: ${title}`,
 });

-test.serial(
-  testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
+testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache.serial(
  "returns stats when successful",
  {},
  true,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
+testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache.serial(
  "returns undefined when mode is OverlayDatabaseMode.OverlayBase",
  {
    overlayDatabaseMode: OverlayDatabaseMode.OverlayBase,
@@ -160,8 +159,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
+testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache.serial(
  "returns undefined when mode is OverlayDatabaseMode.None",
  {
    overlayDatabaseMode: OverlayDatabaseMode.None,
@@ -169,8 +167,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
+testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache.serial(
  "returns undefined when caching is disabled",
  {
    useOverlayDatabaseCaching: false,
@@ -178,8 +175,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
+testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache.serial(
  "returns undefined in test mode",
  {
    isInTestMode: true,
@@ -187,8 +183,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
+testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache.serial(
  "returns undefined when cache miss",
  {
    restoreCacheResult: undefined,
@@ -196,8 +191,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
+testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache.serial(
  "returns undefined when download fails",
  {
    restoreCacheResult: new Error("Download failed"),
@@ -205,8 +199,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
+testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache.serial(
  "returns undefined when downloaded database is invalid",
  {
    hasBaseDatabaseOidsFile: false,
@@ -214,8 +207,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
+testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache.serial(
  "returns undefined when downloaded database doesn't have an overlayBaseSpecifier",
  {
    resolveDatabaseOutput: {},
@@ -223,8 +215,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
+testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache.serial(
  "returns undefined when resolving database metadata fails",
  {
    resolveDatabaseOutput: new Error("Failed to resolve database metadata"),
@@ -232,8 +223,7 @@ test.serial(
  false,
 );

-test.serial(
-  testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache,
+testDownloadOverlayBaseDatabaseFromCache.serial(
  "returns undefined when filesystem error occurs",
  {
    tryGetFolderBytesSucceeds: false,
@@ -285,3 +275,160 @@ test.serial("overlay-base database cache keys remain stable", async (t) => {
    `Expected save key "${saveKey}" to start with restore key prefix "${restoreKeyPrefix}"`,
  );
 });
+
+test.serial(
+  "getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases returns unique versions sorted latest first",
+  async (t) => {
+    const logger = getRunnerLogger(true);
+
+    sinon.stub(apiClient, "getAutomationID").resolves("test-automation-id/");
+    sinon.stub(apiClient, "listActionsCaches").resolves([
+      {
+        key: "codeql-overlay-base-database-1-c5666c509a2d9895-javascript_python-2.23.0-abc123-1-1",
+      },
+      {
+        key: "codeql-overlay-base-database-1-c5666c509a2d9895-javascript_python-2.24.1-def456-2-1",
+      },
+      {
+        key: "codeql-overlay-base-database-1-c5666c509a2d9895-javascript_python-2.23.0-ghi789-3-1",
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const result = await getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      ["javascript", "python"],
+      logger,
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, ["2.24.1", "2.23.0"]);
+  },
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases returns empty list when no caches exist",
+  async (t) => {
+    const logger = getRunnerLogger(true);
+
+    sinon.stub(apiClient, "getAutomationID").resolves("test-automation-id/");
+    sinon.stub(apiClient, "listActionsCaches").resolves([]);
+
+    const result = await getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      ["python"],
+      logger,
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, []);
+  },
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases returns empty list when cache keys are unparseable",
+  async (t) => {
+    const logger = getRunnerLogger(true);
+
+    sinon.stub(apiClient, "getAutomationID").resolves("test-automation-id/");
+    sinon.stub(apiClient, "listActionsCaches").resolves([
+      {
+        key: "codeql-overlay-base-database-1-c5666c509a2d9895-python-malformed",
+      },
+      { key: undefined },
+    ]);
+
+    const result = await getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      ["python"],
+      logger,
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, []);
+  },
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases returns the single version when only one cache exists",
+  async (t) => {
+    const logger = getRunnerLogger(true);
+
+    sinon.stub(apiClient, "getAutomationID").resolves("test-automation-id/");
+    sinon.stub(apiClient, "listActionsCaches").resolves([
+      {
+        key: "codeql-overlay-base-database-1-c5666c509a2d9895-cpp-2.25.0-abc123-1-1",
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const result = await getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      ["cpp"],
+      logger,
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, ["2.25.0"]);
+  },
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases resolves language aliases",
+  async (t) => {
+    const logger = getRunnerLogger(true);
+    // The alias `c++` should be resolved to "cpp" and match cache entries keyed with "cpp"
+
+    sinon.stub(apiClient, "getAutomationID").resolves("test-automation-id/");
+    sinon.stub(apiClient, "listActionsCaches").resolves([
+      {
+        key: "codeql-overlay-base-database-1-c5666c509a2d9895-cpp-2.25.0-abc123-1-1",
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const result = await getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      ["c++"],
+      logger,
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, ["2.25.0"]);
+  },
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases de-duplicates resolved language aliases",
+  async (t) => {
+    const logger = getRunnerLogger(true);
+
+    sinon.stub(apiClient, "getAutomationID").resolves("test-automation-id/");
+    const listActionsCachesStub = sinon
+      .stub(apiClient, "listActionsCaches")
+      .resolves([
+        {
+          key: "codeql-overlay-base-database-1-c5666c509a2d9895-javascript_python-2.25.0-abc123-1-1",
+        },
+      ]);
+
+    const result = await getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      ["javascript", "typescript", "Python", "python"],
+      logger,
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, ["2.25.0"]);
+    sinon.assert.calledOnceWithExactly(
+      listActionsCachesStub,
+      "codeql-overlay-base-database-1-c5666c509a2d9895-javascript_python-",
+    );
+  },
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases ignores nightly versions with build metadata",
+  async (t) => {
+    const logger = getRunnerLogger(true);
+
+    sinon.stub(apiClient, "getAutomationID").resolves("test-automation-id/");
+    sinon.stub(apiClient, "listActionsCaches").resolves([
+      {
+        key: "codeql-overlay-base-database-1-c5666c509a2d9895-python-2.25.0-abc123-1-1",
+      },
+      {
+        // Nightly release with semver build metadata; should be ignored.
+        key: "codeql-overlay-base-database-1-c5666c509a2d9895-python-2.26.0+202604211234-def456-2-1",
+      },
+      {
+        key: "codeql-overlay-base-database-1-c5666c509a2d9895-python-2.24.0-ghi789-3-1",
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const result = await getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      ["python"],
+      logger,
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, ["2.25.0", "2.24.0"]);
+  },
+);
@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 import * as fs from "fs";

 import * as actionsCache from "@actions/cache";
+import * as semver from "semver";

 import {
  getRequiredInput,
  getWorkflowRunAttempt,
  getWorkflowRunID,
 } from "../actions-util";
-import { getAutomationID } from "../api-client";
+import { getAutomationID, listActionsCaches } from "../api-client";
 import { createCacheKeyHash } from "../caching-utils";
 import { type CodeQL } from "../codeql";
 import { type Config } from "../config-utils";
 import { getCommitOid } from "../git-utils";
-import { Logger, withGroupAsync } from "../logging";
+import { type Language, parseBuiltInLanguage } from "../languages";
+import { type Logger, withGroupAsync } from "../logging";
 import {
  CleanupLevel,
  getBaseDatabaseOidsFilePath,
@@ -404,7 +406,17 @@ export async function getCacheRestoreKeyPrefix(
  config: Config,
  codeQlVersion: string,
 ): Promise<string> {
-  const languages = [...config.languages].sort().join("_");
+  return `${await getCacheKeyPrefixBase(config.languages)}${codeQlVersion}-`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Computes the cache key prefix for overlay-base databases, excluding the
+ * CodeQL version.
+ */
+async function getCacheKeyPrefixBase(
+  parsedLanguages: Language[],
+): Promise<string> {
+  const languagesComponent = [...parsedLanguages].sort().join("_");

  const cacheKeyComponents = {
    automationID: await getAutomationID(),
@@ -412,17 +424,98 @@ export async function getCacheRestoreKeyPrefix(
  };
  const componentsHash = createCacheKeyHash(cacheKeyComponents);

-  // For a cached overlay-base database to be considered compatible for overlay
-  // analysis, all components in the cache restore key must match:
-  //
  // CACHE_PREFIX: distinguishes overlay-base databases from other cache objects
  // CACHE_VERSION: cache format version
  // componentsHash: hash of additional components (see above for details)
-  // languages: the languages included in the overlay-base database
-  // codeQlVersion: CodeQL bundle version
+  // languagesComponent: the languages included in the overlay-base database
  //
-  // Technically we can also include languages and codeQlVersion in the
-  // componentsHash, but including them explicitly in the cache key makes it
-  // easier to debug and understand the cache key structure.
-  return `${CACHE_PREFIX}-${CACHE_VERSION}-${componentsHash}-${languages}-${codeQlVersion}-`;
+  // Technically we can also include languages in the componentsHash, but
+  // including them explicitly in the cache key makes it easier to debug and
+  // understand the cache key structure.
+  return `${CACHE_PREFIX}-${CACHE_VERSION}-${componentsHash}-${languagesComponent}-`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Searches the GitHub Actions cache for overlay-base databases matching the given languages, and
+ * returns all stable CodeQL versions found across matching cache entries.
+ *
+ * Note that we do not guarantee that the cache entry for these versions of CodeQL will still be
+ * present by the time we attempt to restore the cache. We could achieve that with a download retry
+ * loop, but we expect that if there is sufficient Actions cache contention that an overlay-base
+ * cache entry for a particular CodeQL version is evicted before we can use it, then it is likely
+ * that the same thing will happen to other overlay-base cache entries, and therefore we will not be
+ * able to use overlay.
+ *
+ * @returns Unique stable CodeQL versions found in cached overlay-base databases, sorted from latest to
+ * earliest, or undefined if one of the languages is not a built-in language.
+ */
+export async function getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases(
+  rawLanguages: string[],
+  logger: Logger,
+): Promise<string[] | undefined> {
+  const languages = rawLanguages.map(parseBuiltInLanguage);
+  if (languages.includes(undefined)) {
+    logger.warning(
+      "One or more provided languages are not recognized as built-in languages. " +
+        "Skipping searching for overlay-base databases in cache.",
+    );
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const dedupedLanguages = [
+    ...new Set(languages.filter((l) => l !== undefined)),
+  ];
+  const cacheKeyPrefix = await getCacheKeyPrefixBase(dedupedLanguages);
+
+  logger.debug(
+    `Searching for overlay-base databases in Actions cache with ` +
+      `prefix ${cacheKeyPrefix}`,
+  );
+
+  const caches = await listActionsCaches(cacheKeyPrefix);
+
+  if (caches.length === 0) {
+    logger.info("No overlay-base databases found in Actions cache.");
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  logger.info(
+    `Found ${caches.length} overlay-base ` +
+      `${caches.length === 1 ? "database" : "databases"} in the Actions cache.`,
+  );
+
+  // Parse CodeQL versions from cache keys, matching only stable releases.
+  //
+  // After the prefix, the remaining key format starts with `${codeQlVersion}-`. Nightlies will have
+  // a suffix like `+202604201548` that will break the match.
+  //
+  // Caveat: this relies on the fact that we haven't released any CodeQL bundles with the
+  // `x.y.z-<pre-release>` semver format which does not interact well with the current overlay base
+  // DB cache key format.
+  const versionRegex = /^([\d.]+)-/;
+  const versionSet = new Set<string>();
+
+  for (const cache of caches) {
+    if (!cache.key) continue;
+    const suffix = cache.key.substring(cacheKeyPrefix.length);
+    const match = suffix.match(versionRegex);
+    if (match && semver.valid(match[1])) {
+      versionSet.add(match[1]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (versionSet.size === 0) {
+    logger.info(
+      "Could not parse any CodeQL versions from overlay-base database " +
+        "cache keys.",
+    );
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  const versions = [...versionSet].sort(semver.rcompare);
+
+  logger.info(
+    `Found overlay databases for the following CodeQL versions in the Actions cache: ${versions.join(", ")}`,
+  );
+
+  return versions;
 }
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ import {
  getRequiredInput,
  getTemporaryDirectory,
 } from "./actions-util";
+import { AnalysisKind, getAnalysisKinds } from "./analyses";
 import { getGitHubVersion } from "./api-client";
 import { CodeQL } from "./codeql";
+import { getRawLanguagesNoAutodetect } from "./config-utils";
 import { EnvVar } from "./environment";
 import { initFeatures } from "./feature-flags";
 import { initCodeQL } from "./init";
@@ -136,16 +138,21 @@ async function run(startedAt: Date): Promise<void> {
    if (statusReportBase !== undefined) {
      await sendStatusReport(statusReportBase);
    }
-    const codeQLDefaultVersionInfo = await features.getDefaultCliVersion(
-      gitHubVersion.type,
-    );
+    const codeQLDefaultVersionInfo =
+      await features.getEnabledDefaultCliVersions(gitHubVersion.type);
    toolsFeatureFlagsValid = codeQLDefaultVersionInfo.toolsFeatureFlagsValid;
+    const rawLanguages = getRawLanguagesNoAutodetect(
+      getOptionalInput("languages"),
+    );
+    const analysisKinds = await getAnalysisKinds(logger);
    const initCodeQLResult = await initCodeQL(
      getOptionalInput("tools"),
      apiDetails,
      getTemporaryDirectory(),
      gitHubVersion.type,
      codeQLDefaultVersionInfo,
+      rawLanguages,
+      analysisKinds.includes(AnalysisKind.CodeScanning),
      features,
      logger,
    );
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ import * as sinon from "sinon";

 import * as actionsUtil from "./actions-util";
 import * as api from "./api-client";
-import { Feature, FeatureEnablement } from "./feature-flags";
+import { Feature } from "./feature-flags";
 import { getRunnerLogger } from "./logging";
+import { getCacheRestoreKeyPrefix } from "./overlay/caching";
 import * as setupCodeql from "./setup-codeql";
 import * as tar from "./tar";
 import {
@@ -18,8 +19,9 @@ import {
  SAMPLE_DOTCOM_API_DETAILS,
  checkExpectedLogMessages,
  createFeatures,
+  createTestConfig,
  getRecordingLogger,
-  initializeFeatures,
+  makeMacro,
  mockBundleDownloadApi,
  setupActionsVars,
  setupTests,
@@ -33,14 +35,6 @@ import {

 setupTests(test);

-// TODO: Remove when when we no longer need to pass in features (https://github.com/github/codeql-action/issues/2600)
-const expectedFeatureEnablement: FeatureEnablement = initializeFeatures(
-  true,
-) as FeatureEnablement;
-expectedFeatureEnablement.getValue = function (feature: Feature) {
-  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-return
-  return expectedFeatureEnablement[feature];
-};
 test.beforeEach(() => {
  initializeEnvironment("1.2.3");
 });
@@ -107,6 +101,8 @@ test.serial(
      const source = await setupCodeql.getCodeQLSource(
        `https://github.com/github/codeql-action/releases/download/${tagName}/codeql-bundle-linux64.tar.gz`,
        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        SAMPLE_DOTCOM_API_DETAILS,
        GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
        false,
@@ -130,6 +126,8 @@ test.serial(
      const source = await setupCodeql.getCodeQLSource(
        "linked",
        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        SAMPLE_DOTCOM_API_DETAILS,
        GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
        false,
@@ -155,6 +153,8 @@ test.serial(
      const source = await setupCodeql.getCodeQLSource(
        "latest",
        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        SAMPLE_DOTCOM_API_DETAILS,
        GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
        false,
@@ -211,6 +211,8 @@ test.serial(
        "tmp/codeql_action_test/",
        GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        features,
        logger,
      );
@@ -266,6 +268,8 @@ test.serial(
        "tmp/codeql_action_test/",
        GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        features,
        logger,
      );
@@ -317,6 +321,8 @@ test.serial(
      const source = await setupCodeql.getCodeQLSource(
        "nightly",
        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        SAMPLE_DOTCOM_API_DETAILS,
        GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
        false,
@@ -378,6 +384,8 @@ test.serial(
      const source = await setupCodeql.getCodeQLSource(
        undefined,
        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        SAMPLE_DOTCOM_API_DETAILS,
        GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
        false,
@@ -432,6 +440,8 @@ test.serial(
      const source = await setupCodeql.getCodeQLSource(
        "toolcache",
        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        SAMPLE_DOTCOM_API_DETAILS,
        GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
        false,
@@ -473,7 +483,7 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-const toolcacheInputFallbackMacro = test.macro({
+const toolcacheInputFallbackMacro = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t: ExecutionContext<unknown>,
    featureList: Feature[],
@@ -499,6 +509,8 @@ const toolcacheInputFallbackMacro = test.macro({
      const source = await setupCodeql.getCodeQLSource(
        "toolcache",
        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION,
+        undefined, // rawLanguages
+        false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion
        SAMPLE_DOTCOM_API_DETAILS,
        GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
        false,
@@ -514,7 +526,10 @@ const toolcacheInputFallbackMacro = test.macro({

      // Check that `sourceType` and `toolsVersion` match expectations.
      t.is(source.sourceType, "download");
-      t.is(source.toolsVersion, SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION.cliVersion);
+      t.is(
+        source.toolsVersion,
+        SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION.enabledVersions[0].cliVersion,
+      );

      // Check that key messages we would expect to find in the log are present.
      for (const expectedMessage of expectedMessages) {
@@ -533,9 +548,8 @@ const toolcacheInputFallbackMacro = test.macro({
    `getCodeQLSource falls back to downloading the CLI if ${providedTitle}`,
 });

-test.serial(
+toolcacheInputFallbackMacro.serial(
  "the toolcache doesn't have a CodeQL CLI when tools == toolcache",
-  toolcacheInputFallbackMacro,
  [Feature.AllowToolcacheInput],
  { GITHUB_EVENT_NAME: "dynamic" },
  [],
@@ -545,9 +559,8 @@ test.serial(
  ],
 );

-test.serial(
+toolcacheInputFallbackMacro.serial(
  "the workflow trigger is not `dynamic`",
-  toolcacheInputFallbackMacro,
  [Feature.AllowToolcacheInput],
  { GITHUB_EVENT_NAME: "pull_request" },
  [],
@@ -556,9 +569,8 @@ test.serial(
  ],
 );

-test.serial(
+toolcacheInputFallbackMacro.serial(
  "the feature flag is not enabled",
-  toolcacheInputFallbackMacro,
  [],
  { GITHUB_EVENT_NAME: "dynamic" },
  [],
@@ -598,3 +610,288 @@ test.serial(
    t.is(setupCodeql.getLatestToolcacheVersion(getRunnerLogger(true)), "3.2.1");
  },
 );
+
+const overlayMatchEnabledVersions = {
+  enabledVersions: [
+    { cliVersion: "2.20.2", tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.2" },
+    { cliVersion: "2.20.1", tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.1" },
+    { cliVersion: "2.20.0", tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.0" },
+  ],
+  toolsFeatureFlagsValid: true,
+};
+
+async function fakeOverlayBaseCacheKey(
+  language: string,
+  cliVersion: string,
+  suffix: string,
+): Promise<string> {
+  const prefix = await getCacheRestoreKeyPrefix(
+    createTestConfig({ languages: [language] }),
+    cliVersion,
+  );
+  return `${prefix}${suffix}`;
+}
+
+test.serial(
+  "getCodeQLSource uses overlay-aware default version when requested for a PR",
+  async (t) => {
+    await withTmpDir(async (tmpDir) => {
+      setupActionsVars(tmpDir, tmpDir);
+      process.env["CODE_SCANNING_REF"] = "refs/heads/feature-branch";
+      process.env["CODE_SCANNING_BASE_BRANCH"] = "main";
+
+      sinon.stub(api, "getAutomationID").resolves("test/");
+      const listStub = sinon.stub(api, "listActionsCaches").resolves([
+        {
+          key: await fakeOverlayBaseCacheKey("javascript", "2.20.1", "abc-1-1"),
+        },
+      ]);
+      sinon
+        .stub(toolcache, "find")
+        .withArgs("CodeQL", "2.20.1")
+        .returns("/path/to/codeql-2.20.1");
+
+      const source = await setupCodeql.getCodeQLSource(
+        undefined,
+        overlayMatchEnabledVersions,
+        ["javascript"],
+        true,
+        SAMPLE_DOTCOM_API_DETAILS,
+        GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
+        false,
+        createFeatures([Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion]),
+        getRunnerLogger(true),
+      );
+
+      t.assert(listStub.calledOnce);
+      t.is(source.sourceType, "toolcache");
+      t.is(source.toolsVersion, "2.20.1");
+    });
+  },
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getCodeQLSource skips overlay-aware default version when not requested",
+  async (t) => {
+    await withTmpDir(async (tmpDir) => {
+      setupActionsVars(tmpDir, tmpDir);
+      process.env["CODE_SCANNING_REF"] = "refs/heads/feature-branch";
+      process.env["CODE_SCANNING_BASE_BRANCH"] = "main";
+
+      sinon.stub(api, "getAutomationID").resolves("test/");
+      const listStub = sinon.stub(api, "listActionsCaches").resolves([
+        {
+          key: await fakeOverlayBaseCacheKey("javascript", "2.20.1", "abc-1-1"),
+        },
+      ]);
+      sinon
+        .stub(toolcache, "find")
+        .withArgs("CodeQL", "2.20.2")
+        .returns("/path/to/codeql-2.20.2");
+
+      const source = await setupCodeql.getCodeQLSource(
+        undefined,
+        overlayMatchEnabledVersions,
+        ["javascript"],
+        false,
+        SAMPLE_DOTCOM_API_DETAILS,
+        GitHubVariant.DOTCOM,
+        false,
+        createFeatures([Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion]),
+        getRunnerLogger(true),
+      );
+
+      t.assert(listStub.notCalled);
+      t.is(source.sourceType, "toolcache");
+      t.is(source.toolsVersion, "2.20.2");
+    });
+  },
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases returns flag-enabled versions present in cache, sorted desc",
+  async (t) => {
+    sinon.stub(api, "getAutomationID").resolves("test/");
+    sinon.stub(api, "listActionsCaches").resolves([
+      // Flag-enabled versions present in the cache, listed in non-descending
+      // order so the test exercises the sort.
+      {
+        key: await fakeOverlayBaseCacheKey("javascript", "2.20.0", "ghi-3-1"),
+      },
+      {
+        key: await fakeOverlayBaseCacheKey("javascript", "2.20.1", "def-2-1"),
+      },
+      // Newer than any flag-enabled version: should be filtered out.
+      {
+        key: await fakeOverlayBaseCacheKey("javascript", "2.21.0", "abc-1-1"),
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const result = await setupCodeql.getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      overlayMatchEnabledVersions,
+      ["javascript"],
+      createFeatures([Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion]),
+      getRunnerLogger(true),
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, [
+      { cliVersion: "2.20.1", tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.1" },
+      { cliVersion: "2.20.0", tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.0" },
+    ]);
+  },
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases returns empty when no cached version is flag-enabled",
+  async (t) => {
+    sinon.stub(api, "getAutomationID").resolves("test/");
+    sinon.stub(api, "listActionsCaches").resolves([
+      {
+        key: await fakeOverlayBaseCacheKey("javascript", "2.19.0", "abc-1-1"),
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const result = await setupCodeql.getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      overlayMatchEnabledVersions,
+      ["javascript"],
+      createFeatures([Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion]),
+      getRunnerLogger(true),
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, []);
+  },
+);
+
+const noLanguagesMacro = makeMacro({
+  exec: async (
+    t: ExecutionContext<unknown>,
+    rawLanguages: string[] | undefined,
+  ) => {
+    const listStub = sinon.stub(api, "listActionsCaches").resolves([]);
+
+    const result = await setupCodeql.getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      overlayMatchEnabledVersions,
+      rawLanguages,
+      createFeatures([Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion]),
+      getRunnerLogger(true),
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, []);
+    t.assert(
+      listStub.notCalled,
+      "Should not list Actions caches without any rawLanguages.",
+    );
+  },
+  title: (providedTitle = "") =>
+    `getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases does not list caches when rawLanguages is ${providedTitle}`,
+});
+
+noLanguagesMacro.serial("undefined", undefined);
+noLanguagesMacro.serial("an empty array", []);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases returns empty when listing caches throws",
+  async (t) => {
+    sinon.stub(api, "getAutomationID").resolves("test/");
+    sinon.stub(api, "listActionsCaches").rejects(new Error("listing failed"));
+
+    const result = await setupCodeql.getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      overlayMatchEnabledVersions,
+      ["javascript"],
+      createFeatures([Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion]),
+      getRunnerLogger(true),
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, []);
+  },
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases returns versions present in the cache",
+  async (t) => {
+    sinon.stub(api, "getAutomationID").resolves("test/");
+    sinon.stub(api, "listActionsCaches").resolves([
+      {
+        key: await fakeOverlayBaseCacheKey("javascript", "2.20.2", "abc-1-1"),
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const result = await setupCodeql.getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      overlayMatchEnabledVersions,
+      ["javascript"],
+      createFeatures([Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion]),
+      getRunnerLogger(true),
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, [
+      { cliVersion: "2.20.2", tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.2" },
+    ]);
+  },
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases does not list caches when both gates are off",
+  async (t) => {
+    const listStub = sinon.stub(api, "listActionsCaches").resolves([]);
+
+    const result = await setupCodeql.getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      overlayMatchEnabledVersions,
+      ["javascript"],
+      createFeatures([]),
+      getRunnerLogger(true),
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, []);
+    t.assert(
+      listStub.notCalled,
+      "Should not list Actions caches when both gating feature flags are off.",
+    );
+  },
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases dry-run returns empty but lists caches",
+  async (t) => {
+    sinon.stub(api, "getAutomationID").resolves("test/");
+    const listStub = sinon.stub(api, "listActionsCaches").resolves([
+      {
+        key: await fakeOverlayBaseCacheKey("javascript", "2.20.1", "abc-1-1"),
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const result = await setupCodeql.getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      overlayMatchEnabledVersions,
+      ["javascript"],
+      createFeatures([Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersionDryRun]),
+      getRunnerLogger(true),
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(
+      result,
+      [],
+      "Dry-run should return an empty list so the caller falls back.",
+    );
+    t.assert(
+      listStub.calledOnce,
+      "Dry-run should still list Actions caches to populate the diagnostic.",
+    );
+  },
+);
+
+test.serial(
+  "getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases match flag wins over dry-run",
+  async (t) => {
+    sinon.stub(api, "getAutomationID").resolves("test/");
+    sinon.stub(api, "listActionsCaches").resolves([
+      {
+        key: await fakeOverlayBaseCacheKey("javascript", "2.20.1", "abc-1-1"),
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const result = await setupCodeql.getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      overlayMatchEnabledVersions,
+      ["javascript"],
+      createFeatures([
+        Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion,
+        Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersionDryRun,
+      ]),
+      getRunnerLogger(true),
+    );
+    t.deepEqual(result, [
+      { cliVersion: "2.20.1", tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.1" },
+    ]);
+  },
+);
@@ -7,17 +7,27 @@ import { default as deepEqual } from "fast-deep-equal";
 import * as semver from "semver";
 import { v4 as uuidV4 } from "uuid";

-import { isDynamicWorkflow, isRunningLocalAction } from "./actions-util";
+import {
+  isAnalyzingPullRequest,
+  isDynamicWorkflow,
+  isRunningLocalAction,
+} from "./actions-util";
 import * as api from "./api-client";
 import * as defaults from "./defaults.json";
-import { addNoLanguageDiagnostic, makeDiagnostic } from "./diagnostics";
+import {
+  addNoLanguageDiagnostic,
+  makeDiagnostic,
+  makeTelemetryDiagnostic,
+} from "./diagnostics";
 import {
  CODEQL_VERSION_ZSTD_BUNDLE,
  CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo,
+  CodeQLVersionInfo,
  Feature,
  FeatureEnablement,
 } from "./feature-flags";
 import { Logger } from "./logging";
+import { getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases } from "./overlay/caching";
 import * as tar from "./tar";
 import {
  downloadAndExtract,
@@ -264,12 +274,131 @@ async function findOverridingToolsInCache(
  return undefined;
 }

+/**
+ * Returns the sorted set of enabled versions that have cached overlay-base databases for the
+ * given languages, or an empty list if neither the `OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion` nor the
+ * `OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersionDryRun` feature flag is enabled. When only the dry-run flag
+ * is enabled, this performs the lookup and emits a telemetry diagnostic with the version that
+ * would have been chosen, but still returns an empty list so the caller falls back.
+ */
+export async function getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases(
+  defaultCliVersion: CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo,
+  rawLanguages: string[] | undefined,
+  features: FeatureEnablement,
+  logger: Logger,
+): Promise<CodeQLVersionInfo[]> {
+  if (rawLanguages === undefined || rawLanguages.length === 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  const isEnabled = await features.getValue(
+    Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersion,
+  );
+  const isDryRun =
+    !isEnabled &&
+    (await features.getValue(Feature.OverlayAnalysisMatchCodeqlVersionDryRun));
+  if (!isEnabled && !isDryRun) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  let cachedVersions: string[] | undefined;
+  try {
+    cachedVersions = await getCodeQlVersionsForOverlayBaseDatabases(
+      rawLanguages,
+      logger,
+    );
+  } catch (e) {
+    logger.warning(
+      "Could not list overlay-base databases in the Actions cache while choosing a default " +
+        `CodeQL CLI version, falling back to the highest enabled version. Details: ${util.getErrorMessage(e)}`,
+    );
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  if (cachedVersions === undefined || cachedVersions.length === 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  const cachedVersionsSet = new Set(cachedVersions);
+  const overlayVersions = defaultCliVersion.enabledVersions.filter((v) =>
+    cachedVersionsSet.has(v.cliVersion),
+  );
+
+  if (overlayVersions.length === 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  const isCachedVersionDifferent =
+    overlayVersions[0].cliVersion !==
+    defaultCliVersion.enabledVersions[0].cliVersion;
+
+  if (isCachedVersionDifferent) {
+    addNoLanguageDiagnostic(
+      undefined,
+      makeTelemetryDiagnostic(
+        "codeql-action/overlay-aware-default-codeql-version",
+        "Overlay-aware default CodeQL version selection",
+        {
+          cachedVersions,
+          enabledVersions: defaultCliVersion.enabledVersions.map(
+            (v) => v.cliVersion,
+          ),
+          isDryRun,
+          overlayAwareVersion: overlayVersions[0].cliVersion,
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (isDryRun) {
+    logger.debug(
+      `Overlay-aware default CodeQL version selection is running in dry-run mode. Would have used version ${overlayVersions[0].cliVersion}.`,
+    );
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  return overlayVersions;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolves the newest enabled default CLI version that has a cached overlay-base database for the
+ * relevant languages, if running a Code Scanning analysis for a pull request and one exists.
+ * Otherwise, falls back to the newest enabled default CLI version.
+ */
+async function resolveDefaultCliVersion(
+  defaultCliVersion: CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo,
+  rawLanguages: string[] | undefined,
+  useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion: boolean,
+  features: FeatureEnablement,
+  logger: Logger,
+): Promise<CodeQLVersionInfo> {
+  if (!useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion || !isAnalyzingPullRequest()) {
+    return defaultCliVersion.enabledVersions[0];
+  }
+
+  const overlayVersions = await getEnabledVersionsWithOverlayBaseDatabases(
+    defaultCliVersion,
+    rawLanguages,
+    features,
+    logger,
+  );
+  if (overlayVersions.length > 0) {
+    logger.info(
+      `Using CodeQL version ${overlayVersions[0].cliVersion} since this is the ` +
+        `highest enabled version that has a cached overlay-base database.`,
+    );
+    return overlayVersions[0];
+  }
+  return defaultCliVersion.enabledVersions[0];
+}
+
 /**
 * Determines where the CodeQL CLI we want to use comes from. This can be from a local file,
 * the Actions toolcache, or a download.
 *
 * @param toolsInput The argument provided for the `tools` input, if any.
 * @param defaultCliVersion The default CLI version that's linked to the CodeQL Action.
+ * @param rawLanguages Raw set of languages.
+ * @param useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion Whether to select an overlay-aware default CLI version.
 * @param apiDetails Information about the GitHub API.
 * @param variant The GitHub variant we are running on.
 * @param tarSupportsZstd Whether zstd is supported by `tar`.
@@ -281,6 +410,8 @@ async function findOverridingToolsInCache(
 export async function getCodeQLSource(
  toolsInput: string | undefined,
  defaultCliVersion: CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo,
+  rawLanguages: string[] | undefined,
+  useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion: boolean,
  apiDetails: api.GitHubApiDetails,
  variant: util.GitHubVariant,
  tarSupportsZstd: boolean,
@@ -438,8 +569,15 @@ export async function getCodeQLSource(
        }
      }

-      cliVersion = defaultCliVersion.cliVersion;
-      tagName = defaultCliVersion.tagName;
+      const version = await resolveDefaultCliVersion(
+        defaultCliVersion,
+        rawLanguages,
+        useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion,
+        features,
+        logger,
+      );
+      cliVersion = version.cliVersion;
+      tagName = version.tagName;
    }
  } else if (toolsInput !== undefined) {
    // If a tools URL was provided, then use that.
@@ -454,9 +592,15 @@ export async function getCodeQLSource(
      }
    }
  } else {
-    // Otherwise, use the default CLI version passed in.
-    cliVersion = defaultCliVersion.cliVersion;
-    tagName = defaultCliVersion.tagName;
+    const version = await resolveDefaultCliVersion(
+      defaultCliVersion,
+      rawLanguages,
+      useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion,
+      features,
+      logger,
+    );
+    cliVersion = version.cliVersion;
+    tagName = version.tagName;
  }

  const bundleVersion =
@@ -791,6 +935,8 @@ export async function setupCodeQLBundle(
  tempDir: string,
  variant: util.GitHubVariant,
  defaultCliVersion: CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo,
+  rawLanguages: string[] | undefined,
+  useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion: boolean,
  features: FeatureEnablement,
  logger: Logger,
 ): Promise<SetupCodeQLResult> {
@@ -804,6 +950,8 @@ export async function setupCodeQLBundle(
  const source = await getCodeQLSource(
    toolsInput,
    defaultCliVersion,
+    rawLanguages,
+    useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion,
    apiDetails,
    variant,
    zstdAvailability.available,
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import * as core from "@actions/core";
 import * as actionsUtil from "./actions-util";
 import { getGitHubVersion } from "./api-client";
 import { Feature, FeatureEnablement, initFeatures } from "./feature-flags";
-import { KnownLanguage } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage, parseBuiltInLanguage } from "./languages";
 import { getActionsLogger, Logger } from "./logging";
 import { getRepositoryNwo } from "./repository";
 import {
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import {
  getCredentials,
  getProxyBinaryPath,
  getSafeErrorMessage,
-  parseLanguage,
  ProxyInfo,
  sendFailedStatusReport,
  sendSuccessStatusReport,
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ async function run(startedAt: Date) {

  const logger = getActionsLogger();
  let features: FeatureEnablement | undefined;
-  let language: KnownLanguage | undefined;
+  let language: BuiltInLanguage | undefined;

  try {
    // Make inputs accessible in the `post` step.
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ async function run(startedAt: Date) {

    // Get the language input.
    const languageInput = actionsUtil.getOptionalInput("language");
-    language = languageInput ? parseLanguage(languageInput) : undefined;
+    language = languageInput ? parseBuiltInLanguage(languageInput) : undefined;

    // Query the FF for whether we should use the reduced registry mapping.
    const skipUnusedRegistries = await features.getValue(
@@ -112,14 +111,14 @@ async function run(startedAt: Date) {
      logger,
    );

-    // Check that the private registries are reachable.
+    // Perform best-effort checks that the private registries are reachable.
    await checkConnections(logger, proxyInfo);

    // Report success if we have reached this point.
    await sendSuccessStatusReport(
      startedAt,
      {
-        languages: language && [language],
+        languages: language === undefined ? undefined : [language],
      },
      proxyConfig.all_credentials.map((c) => c.type),
      logger,
@@ -199,6 +198,7 @@ async function startProxy(
    .map((credential) => ({
      type: credential.type,
      url: credential.url,
+      "replaces-base": credential["replaces-base"],
    }));
  core.setOutput("proxy_urls", JSON.stringify(registry_urls));

@@ -8,15 +8,17 @@ import sinon from "sinon";
 import * as apiClient from "./api-client";
 import * as defaults from "./defaults.json";
 import { setUpFeatureFlagTests } from "./feature-flags/testing-util";
-import { KnownLanguage } from "./languages";
+import { UnvalidatedObject, validateSchema } from "./json";
+import { makeFromSchema } from "./json/testing-util";
+import { BuiltInLanguage } from "./languages";
 import { getRunnerLogger, Logger } from "./logging";
 import * as startProxyExports from "./start-proxy";
-import { parseLanguage } from "./start-proxy";
 import * as statusReport from "./status-report";
 import {
  assertNotLogged,
  checkExpectedLogMessages,
  createFeatures,
+  makeMacro,
  makeTestToken,
  RecordingLogger,
  setupTests,
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ import {

 setupTests(test);

-const sendFailedStatusReportTest = test.macro({
+const sendFailedStatusReportTest = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t: ExecutionContext<unknown>,
    err: Error,
@@ -87,16 +89,14 @@ const sendFailedStatusReportTest = test.macro({
  title: (providedTitle = "") => `sendFailedStatusReport - ${providedTitle}`,
 });

-test.serial(
+sendFailedStatusReportTest.serial(
  "reports generic error message for non-StartProxyError error",
-  sendFailedStatusReportTest,
  new Error("Something went wrong today"),
  "Error from start-proxy Action omitted (Error).",
 );

-test.serial(
+sendFailedStatusReportTest.serial(
  "reports generic error message for non-StartProxyError error with safe error message",
-  sendFailedStatusReportTest,
  new Error(
    startProxyExports.getStartProxyErrorMessage(
      startProxyExports.StartProxyErrorType.DownloadFailed,
@@ -105,9 +105,8 @@ test.serial(
  "Error from start-proxy Action omitted (Error).",
 );

-test.serial(
+sendFailedStatusReportTest.serial(
  "reports generic error message for ConfigurationError error",
-  sendFailedStatusReportTest,
  new ConfigurationError("Something went wrong today"),
  "Error from start-proxy Action omitted (ConfigurationError).",
  "user-error",
@@ -232,7 +231,7 @@ test("getCredentials filters by language when specified", async (t) => {
    getRunnerLogger(true),
    undefined,
    toEncodedJSON(mixedCredentials),
-    KnownLanguage.java,
+    BuiltInLanguage.java,
  );
  t.is(credentials.length, 1);
  t.is(credentials[0].type, "maven_repository");
@@ -243,7 +242,7 @@ test("getCredentials returns all for a language when specified", async (t) => {
    getRunnerLogger(true),
    undefined,
    toEncodedJSON(mixedCredentials),
-    KnownLanguage.go,
+    BuiltInLanguage.go,
  );
  t.is(credentials.length, 2);

@@ -263,7 +262,7 @@ test("getCredentials returns all goproxy_servers for Go when specified", async (
    getRunnerLogger(true),
    undefined,
    toEncodedJSON(multipleGoproxyServers),
-    KnownLanguage.go,
+    BuiltInLanguage.go,
  );
  t.is(credentials.length, 3);

@@ -292,7 +291,7 @@ test("getCredentials returns all maven_repositories for Java when specified", as
    getRunnerLogger(true),
    undefined,
    toEncodedJSON(multipleMavenRepositories),
-    KnownLanguage.java,
+    BuiltInLanguage.java,
  );
  t.is(credentials.length, 2);

@@ -350,147 +349,70 @@ test("getCredentials throws an error when non-printable characters are used", as
  }
 });

-const validAzureCredential: startProxyExports.AzureConfig = {
-  "tenant-id": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
-  "client-id": "abcdef01-2345-6789-abcd-ef0123456789",
-};
+for (const oidcSchemaInfo of startProxyExports.oidcSchemas) {
+  test(`getCredentials throws when non-printable characters are used (${oidcSchemaInfo.name} OIDC)`, (t) => {
+    const validCredential = makeFromSchema(true, oidcSchemaInfo.schema);
+    for (const key of Object.keys(validCredential)) {
+      const invalidAuthConfig = {
+        ...validCredential,
+        [key]: "123\x00",
+      };
+      const invalidCredential: startProxyExports.RawCredential = {
+        type: "nuget_feed",
+        host: `${key}.nuget.pkg.github.com`,
+        ...invalidAuthConfig,
+      };
+      const credentialsInput = toEncodedJSON([invalidCredential]);

-const validAwsCredential: startProxyExports.AWSConfig = {
-  "aws-region": "us-east-1",
-  "account-id": "123456789012",
-  "role-name": "MY_ROLE",
-  domain: "MY_DOMAIN",
-  "domain-owner": "987654321098",
-  audience: "custom-audience",
-};
-
-const validJFrogCredential: startProxyExports.JFrogConfig = {
-  "jfrog-oidc-provider-name": "MY_PROVIDER",
-  audience: "jfrog-audience",
-  "identity-mapping-name": "my-mapping",
-};
-
-test("getCredentials throws an error when non-printable characters are used for Azure OIDC", (t) => {
-  for (const key of Object.keys(validAzureCredential)) {
-    const invalidAzureCredential = {
-      ...validAzureCredential,
-      [key]: "123\x00",
-    };
-    const invalidCredential: startProxyExports.RawCredential = {
-      type: "nuget_feed",
-      host: `${key}.nuget.pkg.github.com`,
-      ...invalidAzureCredential,
-    };
-    const credentialsInput = toEncodedJSON([invalidCredential]);
-
-    t.throws(
-      () =>
-        startProxyExports.getCredentials(
-          getRunnerLogger(true),
-          undefined,
-          credentialsInput,
-          undefined,
-        ),
-      {
-        message:
-          "Invalid credentials - fields must contain only printable characters",
-      },
-    );
-  }
-});
-
-test("getCredentials throws an error when non-printable characters are used for AWS OIDC", (t) => {
-  for (const key of Object.keys(validAwsCredential)) {
-    const invalidAwsCredential = {
-      ...validAwsCredential,
-      [key]: "123\x00",
-    };
-    const invalidCredential: startProxyExports.RawCredential = {
-      type: "nuget_feed",
-      host: `${key}.nuget.pkg.github.com`,
-      ...invalidAwsCredential,
-    };
-    const credentialsInput = toEncodedJSON([invalidCredential]);
-
-    t.throws(
-      () =>
-        startProxyExports.getCredentials(
-          getRunnerLogger(true),
-          undefined,
-          credentialsInput,
-          undefined,
-        ),
-      {
-        message:
-          "Invalid credentials - fields must contain only printable characters",
-      },
-    );
-  }
-});
-
-test("getCredentials throws an error when non-printable characters are used for JFrog OIDC", (t) => {
-  for (const key of Object.keys(validJFrogCredential)) {
-    const invalidJFrogCredential = {
-      ...validJFrogCredential,
-      [key]: "123\x00",
-    };
-    const invalidCredential: startProxyExports.RawCredential = {
-      type: "nuget_feed",
-      host: `${key}.nuget.pkg.github.com`,
-      ...invalidJFrogCredential,
-    };
-    const credentialsInput = toEncodedJSON([invalidCredential]);
-
-    t.throws(
-      () =>
-        startProxyExports.getCredentials(
-          getRunnerLogger(true),
-          undefined,
-          credentialsInput,
-          undefined,
-        ),
-      {
-        message:
-          "Invalid credentials - fields must contain only printable characters",
-      },
-    );
-  }
-});
+      t.throws(
+        () =>
+          startProxyExports.getCredentials(
+            getRunnerLogger(true),
+            undefined,
+            credentialsInput,
+            undefined,
+          ),
+        {
+          message:
+            "Invalid credentials - fields must contain only printable characters",
+        },
+      );
+    }
+  });
+}

 test("getCredentials accepts OIDC configurations", (t) => {
-  const oidcConfigurations = [
-    {
+  const oidcConfigurations = startProxyExports.oidcSchemas.map(
+    (schemaInfo) => ({
      type: "nuget_feed",
-      host: "azure.pkg.github.com",
-      ...validAzureCredential,
-    },
-    {
-      type: "nuget_feed",
-      host: "aws.pkg.github.com",
-      ...validAwsCredential,
-    },
-    {
-      type: "nuget_feed",
-      host: "jfrog.pkg.github.com",
-      ...validJFrogCredential,
-    },
-  ];
+      host: `${schemaInfo.name.toLowerCase()}.pkg.github.com`,
+      ...makeFromSchema(true, schemaInfo.schema),
+    }),
+  );

  const credentials = startProxyExports.getCredentials(
    getRunnerLogger(true),
    undefined,
    toEncodedJSON(oidcConfigurations),
-    KnownLanguage.csharp,
+    BuiltInLanguage.csharp,
  );
-  t.is(credentials.length, 3);
+  t.is(credentials.length, startProxyExports.oidcSchemas.length);

  t.assert(credentials.every((c) => c.type === "nuget_feed"));
-  t.assert(credentials.some((c) => startProxyExports.isAzureConfig(c)));
-  t.assert(credentials.some((c) => startProxyExports.isAWSConfig(c)));
-  t.assert(credentials.some((c) => startProxyExports.isJFrogConfig(c)));
+
+  for (const oidcSchemaInfo of startProxyExports.oidcSchemas) {
+    t.assert(
+      credentials.some((c) =>
+        validateSchema(
+          oidcSchemaInfo.schema,
+          c as unknown as UnvalidatedObject<any>,
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+  }
 });

-const getCredentialsMacro = test.macro({
+const getCredentialsMacro = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t: ExecutionContext<unknown>,
    credentials: startProxyExports.RawCredential[],
@@ -516,9 +438,8 @@ const getCredentialsMacro = test.macro({
  title: (providedTitle = "") => `getCredentials - ${providedTitle}`,
 });

-test(
+getCredentialsMacro(
  "warns for PAT-like password without a username",
-  getCredentialsMacro,
  [
    {
      type: "git_server",
@@ -533,7 +454,7 @@ test(
    t.is(results[0].type, "git_server");
    t.is(results[0].host, "https://github.com/");

-    if (startProxyExports.isUsernamePassword(results[0])) {
+    if (startProxyExports.hasUsernameAndPassword(results[0])) {
      t.assert(results[0].password?.startsWith("ghp_"));
    } else {
      t.fail("Expected a `UsernamePassword`-based credential.");
@@ -546,9 +467,8 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
+getCredentialsMacro(
  "no warning for PAT-like password with a username",
-  getCredentialsMacro,
  [
    {
      type: "git_server",
@@ -564,7 +484,7 @@ test(
    t.is(results[0].type, "git_server");
    t.is(results[0].host, "https://github.com/");

-    if (startProxyExports.isUsernamePassword(results[0])) {
+    if (startProxyExports.hasUsernameAndPassword(results[0])) {
      t.assert(results[0].password?.startsWith("ghp_"));
    } else {
      t.fail("Expected a `UsernamePassword`-based credential.");
@@ -578,9 +498,8 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
+getCredentialsMacro(
  "warns for PAT-like token without a username",
-  getCredentialsMacro,
  [
    {
      type: "git_server",
@@ -608,9 +527,8 @@ test(
  },
 );

-test(
+getCredentialsMacro(
  "no warning for PAT-like token with a username",
-  getCredentialsMacro,
  [
    {
      type: "git_server",
@@ -640,6 +558,76 @@ test(
  },
 );

+test("getCredentials validates 'replaces-base' correctly", async (t) => {
+  // Valid cases.
+  const credentialsInput = toEncodedJSON([
+    {
+      type: "maven_repository",
+      host: "maven1.pkg.github.com",
+      token: "abc",
+      "replaces-base": false,
+    },
+    {
+      type: "maven_repository",
+      host: "maven2.pkg.github.com",
+      token: "def",
+      "replaces-base": true,
+    },
+    {
+      type: "maven_repository",
+      host: "maven3.pkg.github.com",
+      token: "ghi",
+    },
+  ]);
+
+  const credentials = startProxyExports.getCredentials(
+    getRunnerLogger(true),
+    undefined,
+    credentialsInput,
+    BuiltInLanguage.java,
+    false,
+  );
+
+  t.is(credentials.length, 3);
+  t.true(credentials.some((c) => c["replaces-base"] === true));
+  t.true(credentials.some((c) => c["replaces-base"] === false));
+  t.true(credentials.some((c) => c["replaces-base"] === undefined));
+
+  // Invalid cases.
+  const baseInvalid = {
+    type: "maven_repository",
+    host: "maven4.pkg.github.com",
+    token: "jkl",
+  };
+  t.throws(() =>
+    startProxyExports.getCredentials(
+      getRunnerLogger(true),
+      undefined,
+      toEncodedJSON([{ ...baseInvalid, "replaces-base": null }]),
+      BuiltInLanguage.actions,
+      false,
+    ),
+  );
+  t.throws(() =>
+    startProxyExports.getCredentials(
+      getRunnerLogger(true),
+      undefined,
+      toEncodedJSON([{ ...baseInvalid, "replaces-base": 123 }]),
+      BuiltInLanguage.actions,
+      false,
+    ),
+  );
+  t.throws(() =>
+    startProxyExports.getCredentials(
+      getRunnerLogger(true),
+      undefined,
+      toEncodedJSON([{ ...baseInvalid, "replaces-base": "true" }]),
+      BuiltInLanguage.actions,
+      false,
+    ),
+  );
+});
+
 test("getCredentials returns all credentials for Actions when using LANGUAGE_TO_REGISTRY_TYPE", async (t) => {
  const credentialsInput = toEncodedJSON(mixedCredentials);

@@ -647,7 +635,7 @@ test("getCredentials returns all credentials for Actions when using LANGUAGE_TO_
    getRunnerLogger(true),
    undefined,
    credentialsInput,
-    KnownLanguage.actions,
+    BuiltInLanguage.actions,
    false,
  );
  t.is(credentials.length, mixedCredentials.length);
@@ -660,39 +648,12 @@ test("getCredentials returns no credentials for Actions when using NEW_LANGUAGE_
    getRunnerLogger(true),
    undefined,
    credentialsInput,
-    KnownLanguage.actions,
+    BuiltInLanguage.actions,
    true,
  );
  t.deepEqual(credentials, []);
 });

-test("parseLanguage", async (t) => {
-  // Exact matches
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("csharp"), KnownLanguage.csharp);
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("cpp"), KnownLanguage.cpp);
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("go"), KnownLanguage.go);
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("java"), KnownLanguage.java);
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("javascript"), KnownLanguage.javascript);
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("python"), KnownLanguage.python);
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("rust"), KnownLanguage.rust);
-
-  // Aliases
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("c"), KnownLanguage.cpp);
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("c++"), KnownLanguage.cpp);
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("c#"), KnownLanguage.csharp);
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("kotlin"), KnownLanguage.java);
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("typescript"), KnownLanguage.javascript);
-
-  // spaces and case-insensitivity
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("  \t\nCsHaRp\t\t"), KnownLanguage.csharp);
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("  \t\nkOtLin\t\t"), KnownLanguage.java);
-
-  // Not matches
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage("foo"), undefined);
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage(" "), undefined);
-  t.deepEqual(parseLanguage(""), undefined);
-});
-
 function mockGetApiClient(endpoints: any) {
  return (
    sinon
@@ -829,7 +790,7 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-const wrapFailureTest = test.macro({
+const wrapFailureTest = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t: ExecutionContext<unknown>,
    setup: () => void,
@@ -860,9 +821,8 @@ test.serial("downloadProxy - returns file path on success", async (t) => {
  });
 });

-test.serial(
+wrapFailureTest.serial(
  "downloadProxy",
-  wrapFailureTest,
  () => {
    sinon.stub(toolcache, "downloadTool").throws();
  },
@@ -881,9 +841,8 @@ test.serial("extractProxy - returns file path on success", async (t) => {
  });
 });

-test.serial(
+wrapFailureTest.serial(
  "extractProxy",
-  wrapFailureTest,
  () => {
    sinon.stub(toolcache, "extractTar").throws();
  },
@@ -907,9 +866,8 @@ test.serial("cacheProxy - returns file path on success", async (t) => {
  });
 });

-test.serial(
+wrapFailureTest.serial(
  "cacheProxy",
-  wrapFailureTest,
  () => {
    sinon.stub(toolcache, "cacheDir").throws();
  },
@@ -1052,8 +1010,10 @@ test.serial(
        return true;
      });
      const getDefaultCliVersion = sinon
-        .stub(features, "getDefaultCliVersion")
-        .resolves({ cliVersion: "2.20.1", tagName: expectedTag });
+        .stub(features, "getEnabledDefaultCliVersions")
+        .resolves({
+          enabledVersions: [{ cliVersion: "2.20.1", tagName: expectedTag }],
+        });
      const path = await startProxyExports.getProxyBinaryPath(logger, features);

      t.assert(getDefaultCliVersion.calledOnce);
@@ -18,27 +18,18 @@ import {
  FeatureEnablement,
 } from "./feature-flags";
 import * as json from "./json";
-import * as knownLanguageAliases from "./known-language-aliases.json";
-import { KnownLanguage } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage } from "./languages";
 import { Logger } from "./logging";
 import {
  Address,
  Registry,
  Credential,
-  AuthConfig,
-  isToken,
-  isAzureConfig,
-  Token,
-  UsernamePassword,
-  AzureConfig,
-  isAWSConfig,
-  AWSConfig,
-  isJFrogConfig,
-  JFrogConfig,
-  isUsernamePassword,
+  hasToken,
+  hasUsernameAndPassword,
  hasUsername,
  RawCredential,
 } from "./start-proxy/types";
+import { getAuthConfig } from "./start-proxy/validation";
 import {
  ActionName,
  createStatusReportBase,
@@ -157,7 +148,7 @@ export function getSafeErrorMessage(error: Error): string {
 export async function sendFailedStatusReport(
  logger: Logger,
  startedAt: Date,
-  language: KnownLanguage | undefined,
+  language: BuiltInLanguage | undefined,
  unwrappedError: unknown,
 ) {
  const error = util.wrapError(unwrappedError);
@@ -173,7 +164,7 @@ export async function sendFailedStatusReport(
    getActionsStatus(error),
    startedAt,
    {
-      languages: language && [language],
+      languages: language === undefined ? undefined : [language],
    },
    await util.checkDiskUsage(logger),
    logger,
@@ -189,35 +180,6 @@ export const UPDATEJOB_PROXY_VERSION = "v2.0.20250624110901";
 const UPDATEJOB_PROXY_URL_PREFIX =
  "https://github.com/github/codeql-action/releases/download/codeql-bundle-v2.22.0/";

-/**
- * Parse the start-proxy language input into its canonical CodeQL language name.
- *
- * This uses the language aliases shipped with the Action and will not be able to resolve aliases
- * added by versions of the CodeQL CLI newer than the one mentioned in `defaults.json`. However,
- * this is sufficient for the start-proxy Action since we are already specifying proxy
- * configurations on a per-language basis.
- */
-export function parseLanguage(language: string): KnownLanguage | undefined {
-  // Normalize to lower case
-  language = language.trim().toLowerCase();
-
-  // See if it's an exact match
-  if (Object.hasOwn(KnownLanguage, language)) {
-    return language as KnownLanguage;
-  }
-
-  // Check language aliases
-  if (Object.hasOwn(knownLanguageAliases, language)) {
-    language =
-      knownLanguageAliases[language as keyof typeof knownLanguageAliases];
-    if (Object.hasOwn(KnownLanguage, language)) {
-      return language as KnownLanguage;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return undefined;
-}
-
 function isPAT(value: string) {
  return artifactScanner.isAuthToken(value, [
    artifactScanner.GITHUB_PAT_CLASSIC_PATTERN,
@@ -225,7 +187,7 @@ function isPAT(value: string) {
  ]);
 }

-type RegistryMapping = Partial<Record<KnownLanguage, string[]>>;
+type RegistryMapping = Partial<Record<BuiltInLanguage, string[]>>;

 const LANGUAGE_TO_REGISTRY_TYPE: RegistryMapping = {
  java: ["maven_repository"],
@@ -281,75 +243,6 @@ function getRegistryAddress(
  }
 }

-/** Extracts an `AuthConfig` value from `config`. */
-export function getAuthConfig(
-  config: json.UnvalidatedObject<AuthConfig>,
-): AuthConfig {
-  // Start by checking for the OIDC configurations, since they have required properties
-  // which we can use to identify them.
-  if (isAzureConfig(config)) {
-    return {
-      "tenant-id": config["tenant-id"],
-      "client-id": config["client-id"],
-    } satisfies AzureConfig;
-  } else if (isAWSConfig(config)) {
-    return {
-      "aws-region": config["aws-region"],
-      "account-id": config["account-id"],
-      "role-name": config["role-name"],
-      domain: config.domain,
-      "domain-owner": config["domain-owner"],
-      audience: config.audience,
-    } satisfies AWSConfig;
-  } else if (isJFrogConfig(config)) {
-    return {
-      "jfrog-oidc-provider-name": config["jfrog-oidc-provider-name"],
-      "identity-mapping-name": config["identity-mapping-name"],
-      audience: config.audience,
-    } satisfies JFrogConfig;
-  } else if (isToken(config)) {
-    // There are three scenarios for non-OIDC authentication based on the registry type:
-    //
-    // 1. `username`+`token`
-    // 2. A `token` that combines the username and actual token, separated by ':'.
-    // 3. `username`+`password`
-    //
-    // In all three cases, all fields are optional. If the `token` field is present,
-    // we accept the configuration as a `Token` typed configuration, with the `token`
-    // value and an optional `username`. Otherwise, we accept the configuration
-    // typed as `UsernamePassword` (in the `else` clause below) with optional
-    // username and password. I.e. a private registry type that uses 1. or 2.,
-    // but has no `token` configured, will get accepted as `UsernamePassword` here.
-
-    if (isDefined(config.token)) {
-      // Mask token to reduce chance of accidental leakage in logs, if we have one.
-      core.setSecret(config.token);
-    }
-
-    return { username: config.username, token: config.token } satisfies Token;
-  } else {
-    let username: string | undefined = undefined;
-    let password: string | undefined = undefined;
-
-    // Both "username" and "password" are optional. If we have reached this point, we need
-    // to validate which of them are present and that they have the correct type if so.
-    if ("password" in config && json.isString(config.password)) {
-      // Mask password to reduce chance of accidental leakage in logs, if we have one.
-      core.setSecret(config.password);
-      password = config.password;
-    }
-    if ("username" in config && json.isString(config.username)) {
-      username = config.username;
-    }
-
-    // Return the `UsernamePassword` object. Both username and password may be undefined.
-    return {
-      username,
-      password,
-    } satisfies UsernamePassword;
-  }
-}
-
 // getCredentials returns registry credentials from action inputs.
 // It prefers `registries_credentials` over `registry_secrets`.
 // If neither is set, it returns an empty array.
@@ -357,7 +250,7 @@ export function getCredentials(
  logger: Logger,
  registrySecrets: string | undefined,
  registriesCredentials: string | undefined,
-  language: KnownLanguage | undefined,
+  language: BuiltInLanguage | undefined,
  skipUnusedRegistries: boolean = false,
 ): Credential[] {
  const registryMapping = skipUnusedRegistries
@@ -438,11 +331,11 @@ export function getCredentials(
    const noUsername =
      !hasUsername(authConfig) || !isDefined(authConfig.username);
    const passwordIsPAT =
-      isUsernamePassword(authConfig) &&
+      hasUsernameAndPassword(authConfig) &&
      isDefined(authConfig.password) &&
      isPAT(authConfig.password);
    const tokenIsPAT =
-      isToken(authConfig) &&
+      hasToken(authConfig) &&
      isDefined(authConfig.token) &&
      isPAT(authConfig.token);

@@ -454,8 +347,25 @@ export function getCredentials(
      );
    }

+    // Construct the base credential object.
+    const baseCredential: Omit<Registry, keyof Address> = { type: e.type };
+
+    // If "replaces-base" is present, it must be a boolean.
+    if ("replaces-base" in e) {
+      if (
+        isDefined(e["replaces-base"]) &&
+        typeof e["replaces-base"] === "boolean"
+      ) {
+        baseCredential["replaces-base"] = e["replaces-base"];
+      } else {
+        throw new ConfigurationError(
+          "Invalid credentials - 'replaces-base' must be a boolean",
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
    out.push({
-      type: e.type,
+      ...baseCredential,
      ...authConfig,
      ...address,
    });
@@ -505,7 +415,7 @@ async function getCliVersionFromFeatures(
  features: FeatureEnablement,
 ): Promise<CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo> {
  const gitHubVersion = await getGitHubVersion();
-  return await features.getDefaultCliVersion(gitHubVersion.type);
+  return await features.getEnabledDefaultCliVersions(gitHubVersion.type);
 }

 /**
@@ -530,7 +440,7 @@ export async function getDownloadUrl(
    // Retrieve information about the CLI version we should use. This will be either the linked
    // version, or the one enabled by FFs.
    const versionInfo = useFeaturesToDetermineCLI
-      ? await getCliVersionFromFeatures(features)
+      ? (await getCliVersionFromFeatures(features)).enabledVersions[0]
      : {
          cliVersion: defaults.cliVersion,
          tagName: defaults.bundleVersion,
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import * as io from "@actions/io";
 import test, { ExecutionContext } from "ava";
 import sinon from "sinon";

-import { JavaEnvVars, KnownLanguage } from "../languages";
+import { JavaEnvVars, BuiltInLanguage } from "../languages";
 import {
  checkExpectedLogMessages,
  getRecordingLogger,
@@ -182,11 +182,11 @@ test.serial("checkProxyEnvVars - credentials are removed from URLs", (t) => {
 });

 test.serial(
-  "checkProxyEnvironment - includes base checks for all known languages",
+  "checkProxyEnvironment - includes base checks for all built-in languages",
  async (t) => {
    stubToolrunner();

-    for (const language of Object.values(KnownLanguage)) {
+    for (const language of Object.values(BuiltInLanguage)) {
      const messages: LoggedMessage[] = [];
      const logger = getRecordingLogger(messages);

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ test.serial(

    stubToolrunner();

-    await checkProxyEnvironment(logger, KnownLanguage.java);
+    await checkProxyEnvironment(logger, BuiltInLanguage.java);
    assertEnvVarLogMessages(t, Object.keys(ProxyEnvVars), messages, false);
    assertEnvVarLogMessages(t, JAVA_PROXY_ENV_VARS, messages, false);
  },
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import * as path from "path";
 import * as toolrunner from "@actions/exec/lib/toolrunner";
 import * as io from "@actions/io";

-import { JavaEnvVars, KnownLanguage, Language } from "../languages";
+import { JavaEnvVars, BuiltInLanguage, Language } from "../languages";
 import { Logger } from "../logging";
 import { getErrorMessage, isDefined } from "../util";

@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ export async function checkProxyEnvironment(

  // Check language-specific configurations. If we don't know the language,
  // then we perform all checks.
-  if (language === undefined || language === KnownLanguage.java) {
+  if (language === undefined || language === BuiltInLanguage.java) {
    checkJavaEnvVars(logger);

    await showJavaSettings(logger);
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
 } from "./../testing-utils";
 import {
  checkConnections,
+  connectionTestConfig,
  ReachabilityBackend,
  ReachabilityError,
 } from "./reachability";
@@ -118,3 +119,34 @@ test("checkConnections - handles invalid URLs", async (t) => {
    `Finished testing connections`,
  ]);
 });
+
+test("checkConnections - appends extra paths", async (t) => {
+  const backend = new MockReachabilityBackend();
+  const checkConnection = sinon.stub(backend, "checkConnection").resolves(200);
+
+  const messages = await withRecordingLoggerAsync(async (logger) => {
+    await checkConnections(
+      logger,
+      {
+        ...proxyInfo,
+        registries: [{ ...nugetFeed, url: "https://api.nuget.org/" }],
+      },
+      backend,
+    );
+  });
+  checkExpectedLogMessages(t, messages, [
+    `Testing connection to https://api.nuget.org/`,
+    `Successfully tested connection to https://api.nuget.org/`,
+    `Finished testing connections`,
+  ]);
+
+  t.true(
+    checkConnection.calledWith(
+      sinon.match(
+        new URL(
+          `https://api.nuget.org/${connectionTestConfig["nuget_feed"]?.path}`,
+        ),
+      ),
+    ),
+  );
+});
@@ -2,11 +2,41 @@ import * as https from "https";

 import { HttpsProxyAgent } from "https-proxy-agent";

+import { DocUrl } from "../doc-url";
 import { Logger } from "../logging";
 import { getErrorMessage } from "../util";

 import { getAddressString, ProxyInfo, Registry } from "./types";

+/** Represents registry-specific connection test configurations. */
+export interface ConnectionTestConfig {
+  /** An optional path to append to the end of the base url. */
+  path?: string;
+}
+
+/** A partial mapping of registry types to extra connection test configurations. */
+export const connectionTestConfig: Partial<
+  Record<string, ConnectionTestConfig>
+> = {
+  nuget_feed: { path: "v3/index.json" },
+};
+
+/**
+ * Applies the registry-specific check configuration to the base URL, if any and applicable.
+ */
+export function makeTestUrl(
+  config: ConnectionTestConfig | undefined,
+  base: URL,
+): URL {
+  if (config?.path === undefined) {
+    return base;
+  }
+  if (base.pathname.endsWith(config.path)) {
+    return base;
+  }
+  return new URL(config.path, base);
+}
+
 export class ReachabilityError extends Error {
  constructor(public readonly statusCode?: number | undefined) {
    super();
@@ -41,7 +71,7 @@ class NetworkReachabilityBackend implements ReachabilityBackend {
        url,
        {
          agent: this.agent,
-          method: "HEAD",
+          method: "GET",
          ca: this.proxy.cert,
          timeout: 5 * 1000, // 5 seconds
        },
@@ -85,6 +115,13 @@ export async function checkConnections(
  // Don't do anything if there are no registries.
  if (proxy.registries.length === 0) return result;

+  // Start a log group and print a message with a disclaimer with a link to the
+  // relevant documentation that these checks are a best-effort process.
+  logger.startGroup("Testing connections via the proxy");
+  logger.info(
+    `The connection tests performed here are best-effort only and failures here may not affect the subsequent analysis. See ${DocUrl.PRIVATE_REGISTRY_LOGS} for more information.`,
+  );
+
  try {
    // Initialise a networking backend if no backend was provided.
    if (backend === undefined) {
@@ -92,6 +129,7 @@ export async function checkConnections(
    }

    for (const registry of proxy.registries) {
+      const config = connectionTestConfig[registry.type];
      const address = getAddressString(registry);
      const url = URL.parse(address);

@@ -102,9 +140,11 @@ export async function checkConnections(
        continue;
      }

+      const testUrl = makeTestUrl(config, url);
+
      try {
        logger.debug(`Testing connection to ${url}...`);
-        const statusCode = await backend.checkConnection(url);
+        const statusCode = await backend.checkConnection(testUrl);

        logger.info(`Successfully tested connection to ${url} (${statusCode})`);
        result.add(registry);
@@ -126,5 +166,6 @@ export async function checkConnections(
    );
  }

+  logger.endGroup();
  return result;
 }
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import test from "ava";

+import { makeFromSchema, withSchemaMatrix } from "../json/testing-util";
 import { setupTests } from "../testing-utils";

 import * as types from "./types";
@@ -26,6 +27,38 @@ const validJFrogCredential: types.JFrogConfig = {
  "identity-mapping-name": "my-mapping",
 };

+test("hasUsername", (t) => {
+  // Reject the case where `username` is missing.
+  t.false(types.hasUsername({}));
+
+  // Test all cases where `username` is present.
+  withSchemaMatrix(
+    t,
+    types.usernameSchema,
+    { excludeAbsent: true },
+    (value) => {
+      t.true(types.hasUsername(value));
+    },
+  );
+});
+
+test("hasUsernameAndPassword", (t) => {
+  // Reject cases where `username` or `password` are missing.
+  t.false(types.hasUsernameAndPassword({}));
+  t.false(types.hasUsernameAndPassword({ username: "foo" }));
+  t.false(types.hasUsernameAndPassword({ password: "foo" }));
+
+  // Test all cases where both `username` and `password` are present.
+  withSchemaMatrix(
+    t,
+    types.usernamePasswordSchema,
+    { excludeAbsent: true },
+    (value) => {
+      t.true(types.hasUsernameAndPassword(value));
+    },
+  );
+});
+
 test("credentialToStr - pretty-prints valid username+password configurations", (t) => {
  const secret = "password123";
  const credential: types.Credential = {
@@ -107,13 +140,46 @@ test("credentialToStr - pretty-prints valid JFrog OIDC configurations", (t) => {
  );
 });

+test("credentialToStr - pretty-prints valid Cloudsmith OIDC configurations", (t) => {
+  const credential: types.Credential = {
+    type: "maven_credential",
+    url: "https://localhost",
+    ...(makeFromSchema(
+      true,
+      types.cloudsmithConfigSchema,
+    ) as types.CloudsmithConfig),
+  };
+
+  const str = types.credentialToStr(credential);
+
+  t.is(
+    "Type: maven_credential; Url: https://localhost; Cloudsmith Namespace: value-for-namespace; Cloudsmith Service Slug: value-for-service-slug; Cloudsmith API Host: value-for-api-host;",
+    str,
+  );
+});
+
+test("credentialToStr - pretty-prints valid GCP OIDC configurations", (t) => {
+  const credential: types.Credential = {
+    type: "maven_credential",
+    url: "https://localhost",
+    ...(makeFromSchema(true, types.gcpConfigSchema) as types.GCPConfig),
+  };
+
+  const str = types.credentialToStr(credential);
+
+  t.is(
+    "Type: maven_credential; Url: https://localhost; GCP Workload Identity Provider: value-for-workload-identity-provider; GCP Service Account: value-for-service-account; GCP Audience: value-for-audience;",
+    str,
+  );
+});
+
 test("credentialToStr - hides passwords", (t) => {
  const secret = "password123";
  const credential = {
    type: "maven_credential",
    password: secret,
    url: "https://localhost",
-  };
+  } satisfies types.Credential;

  const str = types.credentialToStr(credential);

@@ -127,7 +193,7 @@ test("credentialToStr - hides tokens", (t) => {
    type: "maven_credential",
    token: secret,
    url: "https://localhost",
-  };
+  } satisfies types.Credential;

  const str = types.credentialToStr(credential);

@@ -9,144 +9,177 @@ import { isDefined } from "../util";
 */
 export type RawCredential = UnvalidatedObject<Credential>;

-/** Usernames may be present for both authentication with tokens or passwords. */
-export type Username = {
+/** A schema for credential objects with a username. */
+export const usernameSchema = {
  /** The username needed to authenticate to the package registry, if any. */
-  username?: string;
-};
+  username: json.optional(json.string),
+} as const satisfies json.Schema;

-/** Decides whether `config` has a username. */
+/** Usernames may be present for both authentication with tokens or passwords. */
+export type Username = json.FromSchema<typeof usernameSchema>;
+
+/**
+ * Narrows `config` to `Username` if `config` has a `username` property.
+ * Not used for validation. Assumes that `config` is already a validated `AuthConfig`.
+ */
 export function hasUsername(config: AuthConfig): config is Username {
  return "username" in config;
 }

+/** A schema for credential objects with a username and password. */
+export const usernamePasswordSchema = {
+  /** The password needed to authenticate to the package registry, if any. */
+  password: json.optional(json.string),
+  ...usernameSchema,
+} as const satisfies json.Schema;
+
 /**
 * Fields expected for authentication based on a username and password.
 * Both username and password are optional.
 */
-export type UsernamePassword = {
-  /** The password needed to authenticate to the package registry, if any. */
-  password?: string;
-} & Username;
+export type UsernamePassword = json.FromSchema<typeof usernamePasswordSchema>;

-/** Decides whether `config` is based on a username and password. */
-export function isUsernamePassword(
+/**
+ * Narrows `config` to `UsernamePassword` if it has a `username` and `password` property.
+ * Not used for validation. Assumes that `config` is already a validated `AuthConfig`.
+ */
+export function hasUsernameAndPassword(
  config: AuthConfig,
 ): config is UsernamePassword {
  return hasUsername(config) && "password" in config;
 }

+/** A schema for credential objects for token-based authentication. */
+export const tokenSchema = {
+  /** The token needed to authenticate to the package registry, if any. */
+  token: json.optional(json.string),
+  ...usernameSchema,
+} as const satisfies json.Schema;
+
 /**
 * Fields expected for token-based authentication.
 * Both username and token are optional.
 */
-export type Token = {
-  /** The token needed to authenticate to the package registry, if any. */
-  token?: string;
-} & Username;
+export type Token = json.FromSchema<typeof tokenSchema>;
+
+/**
+ * Narrows `config` to `Token` if it has a `token` property.
+ * Not used for validation. Assumes that `config` is already a validated `AuthConfig`.
+ */
+export function hasToken(config: AuthConfig): config is Token {
+  return "token" in config;
+}

 /** Decides whether `config` is token-based. */
 export function isToken(
  config: UnvalidatedObject<AuthConfig>,
 ): config is Token {
-  // The "username" field is optional, but should be a string if present.
-  if ("username" in config && !json.isStringOrUndefined(config.username)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // The "token" field is required, and must be a string or undefined.
-  return "token" in config && json.isStringOrUndefined(config.token);
+  return "token" in config && json.validateSchema(tokenSchema, config);
 }

+/** A schema for Azure OIDC configurations. */
+export const azureConfigSchema = {
+  "tenant-id": json.string,
+  "client-id": json.string,
+} as const satisfies json.Schema;
+
 /** Configuration for Azure OIDC. */
-export type AzureConfig = { "tenant-id": string; "client-id": string };
+export type AzureConfig = json.FromSchema<typeof azureConfigSchema>;

 /** Decides whether `config` is an Azure OIDC configuration. */
 export function isAzureConfig(
  config: UnvalidatedObject<AuthConfig>,
 ): config is AzureConfig {
-  return (
-    "tenant-id" in config &&
-    "client-id" in config &&
-    isDefined(config["tenant-id"]) &&
-    isDefined(config["client-id"]) &&
-    json.isString(config["tenant-id"]) &&
-    json.isString(config["client-id"])
-  );
+  return json.validateSchema(azureConfigSchema, config);
 }

+/** A schema for AWS OIDC configurations. */
+export const awsConfigSchema = {
+  "aws-region": json.string,
+  "account-id": json.string,
+  "role-name": json.string,
+  domain: json.string,
+  "domain-owner": json.string,
+  audience: json.optional(json.string),
+} as const satisfies json.Schema;
+
 /** Configuration for AWS OIDC. */
-export type AWSConfig = {
-  "aws-region": string;
-  "account-id": string;
-  "role-name": string;
-  domain: string;
-  "domain-owner": string;
-  audience?: string;
-};
+export type AWSConfig = json.FromSchema<typeof awsConfigSchema>;

 /** Decides whether `config` is an AWS OIDC configuration. */
 export function isAWSConfig(
  config: UnvalidatedObject<AuthConfig>,
 ): config is AWSConfig {
-  // All of these properties are required.
-  const requiredProperties = [
-    "aws-region",
-    "account-id",
-    "role-name",
-    "domain",
-    "domain-owner",
-  ];
-
-  for (const property of requiredProperties) {
-    if (
-      !(property in config) ||
-      !isDefined(config[property]) ||
-      !json.isString(config[property])
-    ) {
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // The "audience" field is optional, but should be a string if present.
-  if ("audience" in config && !json.isStringOrUndefined(config.audience)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return true;
+  return json.validateSchema(awsConfigSchema, config);
 }

+/** A schema for JFrog OIDC configurations. */
+export const jfrogConfigSchema = {
+  "jfrog-oidc-provider-name": json.string,
+  audience: json.optional(json.string),
+  "identity-mapping-name": json.optional(json.string),
+} as const satisfies json.Schema;
+
 /** Configuration for JFrog OIDC. */
-export type JFrogConfig = {
-  "jfrog-oidc-provider-name": string;
-  audience?: string;
-  "identity-mapping-name"?: string;
-};
+export type JFrogConfig = json.FromSchema<typeof jfrogConfigSchema>;

 /** Decides whether `config` is a JFrog OIDC configuration. */
 export function isJFrogConfig(
  config: UnvalidatedObject<AuthConfig>,
 ): config is JFrogConfig {
-  // The "audience" and "identity-mapping-name" fields are optional, but should be strings if present.
-  if ("audience" in config && !json.isStringOrUndefined(config.audience)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (
-    "identity-mapping-name" in config &&
-    !json.isStringOrUndefined(config["identity-mapping-name"])
-  ) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return (
-    "jfrog-oidc-provider-name" in config &&
-    isDefined(config["jfrog-oidc-provider-name"]) &&
-    json.isString(config["jfrog-oidc-provider-name"])
-  );
+  return json.validateSchema(jfrogConfigSchema, config);
 }

+/** A schema for Cloudsmith OIDC configurations. */
+export const cloudsmithConfigSchema = {
+  namespace: json.string,
+  "service-slug": json.string,
+  "api-host": json.string,
+} as const satisfies json.Schema;
+
+/** Configuration for Cloudsmith OIDC. */
+export type CloudsmithConfig = json.FromSchema<typeof cloudsmithConfigSchema>;
+
+/** Decides whether `config` is a Cloudsmith OIDC configuration. */
+export function isCloudsmithConfig(
+  config: UnvalidatedObject<AuthConfig>,
+): config is CloudsmithConfig {
+  return json.validateSchema(cloudsmithConfigSchema, config);
+}
+
+/** A schema for GCP OIDC configurations. */
+export const gcpConfigSchema = {
+  "workload-identity-provider": json.string,
+  "service-account": json.optional(json.string),
+  audience: json.optional(json.string),
+} as const satisfies json.Schema;
+
+/** Configuration for GCP OIDC. */
+export type GCPConfig = json.FromSchema<typeof gcpConfigSchema>;
+
+/** Decides whether `config` is a GCP OIDC configuration. */
+export function isGCPConfig(
+  config: UnvalidatedObject<AuthConfig>,
+): config is GCPConfig {
+  return json.validateSchema(gcpConfigSchema, config);
+}
+
+/** An array of all OIDC configuration schemas along with output-friendly names. */
+export const oidcSchemas = [
+  { schema: azureConfigSchema, name: "Azure" },
+  { schema: awsConfigSchema, name: "AWS" },
+  { schema: jfrogConfigSchema, name: "JFrog" },
+  { schema: cloudsmithConfigSchema, name: "Cloudsmith" },
+  { schema: gcpConfigSchema, name: "GCP" },
+];
+
 /** Represents all supported OIDC configurations. */
-export type OIDC = AzureConfig | AWSConfig | JFrogConfig;
+export type OIDC =
+  | AzureConfig
+  | AWSConfig
+  | JFrogConfig
+  | CloudsmithConfig
+  | GCPConfig;

 /** All authentication-related fields. */
 export type AuthConfig = UsernamePassword | Token | OIDC;
@@ -165,7 +198,7 @@ export type Credential = AuthConfig & Registry;
 export function credentialToStr(credential: Credential): string {
  let result: string = `Type: ${credential.type};`;

-  const appendIfDefined = (name: string, val: string | undefined) => {
+  const appendIfDefined = (name: string, val: string | undefined | null) => {
    if (isDefined(val)) {
      result += ` ${name}: ${val};`;
    }
@@ -184,7 +217,7 @@ export function credentialToStr(credential: Credential): string {
      isDefined(credential.password) ? "***" : undefined,
    );
  }
-  if (isToken(credential)) {
+  if (hasToken(credential)) {
    appendIfDefined("Token", isDefined(credential.token) ? "***" : undefined);
  }

@@ -205,6 +238,17 @@ export function credentialToStr(credential: Credential): string {
      credential["identity-mapping-name"],
    );
    appendIfDefined("JFrog Audience", credential.audience);
+  } else if (isCloudsmithConfig(credential)) {
+    appendIfDefined("Cloudsmith Namespace", credential.namespace);
+    appendIfDefined("Cloudsmith Service Slug", credential["service-slug"]);
+    appendIfDefined("Cloudsmith API Host", credential["api-host"]);
+  } else if (isGCPConfig(credential)) {
+    appendIfDefined(
+      "GCP Workload Identity Provider",
+      credential["workload-identity-provider"],
+    );
+    appendIfDefined("GCP Service Account", credential["service-account"]);
+    appendIfDefined("GCP Audience", credential.audience);
  }

  return result;
@@ -214,6 +258,8 @@ export function credentialToStr(credential: Credential): string {
 export type Registry = {
  /** The type of the package registry. */
  type: string;
+  /** Whether the registry replaces the base registry for the ecosystem. */
+  "replaces-base"?: boolean;
 } & Address;

 // If a registry has an `url`, then that takes precedence over the `host` which may or may
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import test from "ava";
+
+import * as json from "../json";
+import { makeFromSchema } from "../json/testing-util";
+import { setupTests } from "../testing-utils";
+
+import * as types from "./types";
+import { getAuthConfig } from "./validation";
+
+setupTests(test);
+
+for (const schemaTest of types.oidcSchemas) {
+  for (const includeOptional of [true, false]) {
+    const minimalName = includeOptional ? "full" : "minimal";
+
+    test(`getAuthConfig - ${schemaTest.name} - ${minimalName}`, async (t) => {
+      const config = makeFromSchema(includeOptional, schemaTest.schema);
+
+      t.deepEqual(
+        getAuthConfig({
+          ...config,
+          unexpected: "unexpected-value",
+        } as unknown as json.UnvalidatedObject<types.AuthConfig>),
+        config,
+      );
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+test("getAuthConfig - token", async (t) => {
+  const config = makeFromSchema(true, types.tokenSchema);
+
+  t.deepEqual(
+    getAuthConfig({
+      ...config,
+      unexpected: "unexpected-value",
+    } as json.UnvalidatedObject<types.AuthConfig>),
+    config,
+  );
+});
+
+test("getAuthConfig - username and password", async (t) => {
+  const config = makeFromSchema(true, types.usernamePasswordSchema);
+
+  t.deepEqual(
+    getAuthConfig({
+      ...config,
+      unexpected: "unexpected-value",
+    } as json.UnvalidatedObject<types.AuthConfig>),
+    config,
+  );
+});
+
+test("getAuthConfig - empty", async (t) => {
+  const config = makeFromSchema(false, types.usernamePasswordSchema);
+
+  // Since the purpose of constructing the `AuthConfig` values is for
+  // serialisation to JSON so that they can be passed to the proxy as configuration,
+  // we only care that the stringified JSON representations are the same.
+  t.deepEqual(
+    JSON.stringify(
+      getAuthConfig({
+        ...config,
+        unexpected: "unexpected-value",
+      } as json.UnvalidatedObject<types.AuthConfig>),
+    ),
+    JSON.stringify({}),
+  );
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import * as core from "@actions/core";
+
+import * as json from "../json";
+import { isDefined } from "../util";
+
+import type { AuthConfig, UsernamePassword } from "./types";
+import * as types from "./types";
+
+/** Constructs a new object from `obj` with only keys that exist in `schema`. */
+export function cloneCredential<S extends json.Schema>(
+  schema: S,
+  obj: json.FromSchema<S>,
+): json.FromSchema<S> {
+  const result = {};
+
+  for (const key of Object.keys(schema)) {
+    // Skip keys that don't exist or don't have a value.
+    if (!isDefined(obj[key])) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    result[key] = obj[key];
+  }
+
+  return result as json.FromSchema<S>;
+}
+
+/** Extracts an `AuthConfig` value from `config`. */
+export function getAuthConfig(
+  config: json.UnvalidatedObject<AuthConfig>,
+): AuthConfig {
+  // Start by checking for the OIDC configurations, since they have required properties
+  // which we can use to identify them.
+  for (const oidcSchema of types.oidcSchemas) {
+    if (json.validateSchema(oidcSchema.schema, config)) {
+      return cloneCredential(oidcSchema.schema, config);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise, try the basic configuration types.
+  if (types.isToken(config)) {
+    // There are three scenarios for non-OIDC authentication based on the registry type:
+    //
+    // 1. `username`+`token`
+    // 2. A `token` that combines the username and actual token, separated by ':'.
+    // 3. `username`+`password`
+    //
+    // In all three cases, all fields are optional. If the `token` field is present,
+    // we accept the configuration as a `Token` typed configuration, with the `token`
+    // value and an optional `username`. Otherwise, we accept the configuration
+    // typed as `UsernamePassword` (in the `else` clause below) with optional
+    // username and password. I.e. a private registry type that uses 1. or 2.,
+    // but has no `token` configured, will get accepted as `UsernamePassword` here.
+
+    if (isDefined(config.token)) {
+      // Mask token to reduce chance of accidental leakage in logs, if we have one.
+      core.setSecret(config.token);
+    }
+
+    return cloneCredential(types.tokenSchema, config);
+  } else {
+    let username: string | undefined = undefined;
+    let password: string | undefined = undefined;
+
+    // Both "username" and "password" are optional. If we have reached this point, we need
+    // to validate which of them are present and that they have the correct type if so.
+    if ("password" in config && json.isString(config.password)) {
+      // Mask password to reduce chance of accidental leakage in logs, if we have one.
+      core.setSecret(config.password);
+      password = config.password;
+    }
+    if ("username" in config && json.isString(config.username)) {
+      username = config.username;
+    }
+
+    // Return the `UsernamePassword` object. Both username and password may be undefined.
+    return {
+      username,
+      password,
+    } satisfies UsernamePassword;
+  }
+}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import * as sinon from "sinon";
 import * as actionsUtil from "./actions-util";
 import { Config } from "./config-utils";
 import { EnvVar } from "./environment";
-import { KnownLanguage } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage } from "./languages";
 import { getRunnerLogger } from "./logging";
 import { ToolsSource } from "./setup-codeql";
 import {
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
  setupTests,
  setupActionsVars,
  createTestConfig,
+  makeMacro,
 } from "./testing-utils";
 import { BuildMode, ConfigurationError, withTmpDir, wrapError } from "./util";

@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ test.serial("createStatusReportBase", async (t) => {
      new Date("May 19, 2023 05:19:00"),
      createTestConfig({
        buildMode: BuildMode.None,
-        languages: [KnownLanguage.java, KnownLanguage.swift],
+        languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java, BuiltInLanguage.swift],
      }),
      { numAvailableBytes: 100, numTotalBytes: 500 },
      getRunnerLogger(false),
@@ -291,10 +292,9 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-const testCreateInitWithConfigStatusReport = test.macro({
+const testCreateInitWithConfigStatusReport = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t,
-    _title: string,
    config: Config,
    expectedReportProperties: Partial<InitWithConfigStatusReport>,
  ) => {
@@ -337,15 +337,14 @@ const testCreateInitWithConfigStatusReport = test.macro({
      }
    });
  },
-  title: (_, title) => `createInitWithConfigStatusReport: ${title}`,
+  title: (title) => `createInitWithConfigStatusReport: ${title}`,
 });

-test.serial(
-  testCreateInitWithConfigStatusReport,
+testCreateInitWithConfigStatusReport.serial(
  "returns a value",
  createTestConfig({
    buildMode: BuildMode.None,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java, KnownLanguage.swift],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java, BuiltInLanguage.swift],
  }),
  {
    trap_cache_download_size_bytes: 1024,
@@ -355,12 +354,11 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  testCreateInitWithConfigStatusReport,
+testCreateInitWithConfigStatusReport.serial(
  "includes packs for a single language",
  createTestConfig({
    buildMode: BuildMode.None,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
    computedConfig: {
      packs: ["foo", "bar"],
    },
@@ -372,12 +370,11 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
-  testCreateInitWithConfigStatusReport,
+testCreateInitWithConfigStatusReport.serial(
  "includes packs for multiple languages",
  createTestConfig({
    buildMode: BuildMode.None,
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java, KnownLanguage.swift],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java, BuiltInLanguage.swift],
    computedConfig: {
      packs: { java: ["java-foo", "java-bar"], swift: ["swift-bar"] },
    },
@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@ import { TextDecoder } from "node:util";
 import path from "path";

 import * as github from "@actions/github";
-import { ExecutionContext, TestFn } from "ava";
+import test, {
+  type ExecutionContext,
+  type MacroDeclarationOptions,
+  type TestFn,
+} from "ava";
 import nock from "nock";
 import * as sinon from "sinon";

@@ -36,16 +40,20 @@ export const SAMPLE_DOTCOM_API_DETAILS = {
  apiURL: "https://api.github.com",
 };

-export const SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION: CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo = {
-  cliVersion: "2.20.0",
-  tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.0",
-};
-
 export const LINKED_CLI_VERSION = {
  cliVersion: defaults.cliVersion,
  tagName: defaults.bundleVersion,
 };

+export const SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLI_VERSION: CodeQLDefaultVersionInfo = {
+  enabledVersions: [
+    {
+      cliVersion: "2.20.0",
+      tagName: "codeql-bundle-v2.20.0",
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
 type TestContext = {
  stdoutWrite: any;
  stderrWrite: any;
@@ -85,8 +93,8 @@ function wrapOutput(context: TestContext) {
  };
 }

-export function setupTests(test: TestFn<any>) {
-  const typedTest = test as TestFn<TestContext>;
+export function setupTests(testFn: TestFn<any>) {
+  const typedTest = testFn as TestFn<TestContext>;

  typedTest.beforeEach((t) => {
    // Set an empty CodeQL object so that all method calls will fail
@@ -139,6 +147,26 @@ export function setupTests(test: TestFn<any>) {
  });
 }

+/**
+ * Declare a reusable test implementation, with better type safety than `test.macro`.
+ */
+export function makeMacro<Args extends unknown[]>(
+  decl: MacroDeclarationOptions<Args, unknown>,
+) {
+  const m = test.macro<Args>(decl);
+
+  const wrapper = (name: string, ...args: Args) => test(name, m, ...args);
+  wrapper.test = (...args: Args) => test(m, ...args);
+  wrapper.serial = (name: string, ...args: Args) =>
+    test.serial(name, m, ...args);
+  // Make the implementation available as `fn`. We don't call it `exec` so
+  // that results from this function are not valid arguments to `test`
+  // or `test.serial`.
+  wrapper.fn = decl.exec;
+
+  return wrapper;
+}
+
 /**
 * Default values for environment variables typically set in an Actions
 * environment. Tests can override individual variables by passing them in the
@@ -442,7 +470,7 @@ export function mockCodeQLVersion(
 */
 export function createFeatures(enabledFeatures: Feature[]): FeatureEnablement {
  return {
-    getDefaultCliVersion: async () => {
+    getEnabledDefaultCliVersions: async () => {
      throw new Error("not implemented");
    },
    getValue: async (feature) => {
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import * as sinon from "sinon";

 import { CodeQL, getCodeQLForTesting } from "./codeql";
 import * as configUtils from "./config-utils";
-import { KnownLanguage } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage } from "./languages";
 import { createTestConfig, makeVersionInfo, setupTests } from "./testing-utils";
 import { ToolsFeature } from "./tools-features";
 import { getCombinedTracerConfig } from "./tracer-config";
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ setupTests(test);

 function getTestConfig(tempDir: string): configUtils.Config {
  return createTestConfig({
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.java],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.java],
    tempDir,
    dbLocation: path.resolve(tempDir, "codeql_databases"),
  });
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ async function stubCodeql(
    );
  sinon
    .stub(codeqlObject, "isTracedLanguage")
-    .withArgs(KnownLanguage.java)
+    .withArgs(BuiltInLanguage.java)
    .resolves(true);
  return codeqlObject;
 }
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ test("getCombinedTracerConfig - return undefined when no languages are traced la
  await util.withTmpDir(async (tmpDir) => {
    const config = getTestConfig(tmpDir);
    // No traced languages
-    config.languages = [KnownLanguage.javascript, KnownLanguage.python];
+    config.languages = [BuiltInLanguage.javascript, BuiltInLanguage.python];
    t.deepEqual(
      await getCombinedTracerConfig(await stubCodeql(), config),
      undefined,
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import {
 import * as configUtils from "./config-utils";
 import { Feature } from "./feature-flags";
 import * as gitUtils from "./git-utils";
-import { KnownLanguage } from "./languages";
+import { BuiltInLanguage } from "./languages";
 import { getRunnerLogger } from "./logging";
 import {
  createFeatures,
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ const stubCodeql = createStubCodeQL({
  async betterResolveLanguages() {
    return {
      extractors: {
-        [KnownLanguage.javascript]: [
+        [BuiltInLanguage.javascript]: [
          {
            extractor_root: "some_root",
            extractor_options: {
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ const stubCodeql = createStubCodeQL({
            },
          },
        ],
-        [KnownLanguage.cpp]: [
+        [BuiltInLanguage.cpp]: [
          {
            extractor_root: "other_root",
          },
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ const stubCodeql = createStubCodeQL({
 });

 const testConfigWithoutTmpDir = createTestConfig({
-  languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript, KnownLanguage.cpp],
+  languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript, BuiltInLanguage.cpp],
  trapCaches: {
    javascript: "/some/cache/dir",
  },
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ const testConfigWithoutTmpDir = createTestConfig({

 function getTestConfigWithTempDir(tempDir: string): configUtils.Config {
  return createTestConfig({
-    languages: [KnownLanguage.javascript, KnownLanguage.ruby],
+    languages: [BuiltInLanguage.javascript, BuiltInLanguage.ruby],
    tempDir,
    dbLocation: path.resolve(tempDir, "codeql_databases"),
    trapCaches: {
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ test.serial("check flags for JS, analyzing default branch", async (t) => {
    sinon.stub(gitUtils, "isAnalyzingDefaultBranch").resolves(true);
    const result = await getTrapCachingExtractorConfigArgsForLang(
      config,
-      KnownLanguage.javascript,
+      BuiltInLanguage.javascript,
    );
    t.deepEqual(result, [
      `-O=javascript.trap.cache.dir=${path.resolve(tmpDir, "jsCache")}`,
@@ -131,10 +131,10 @@ test("get languages that support TRAP caching", async (t) => {
  const logger = getRecordingLogger(loggedMessages);
  const languagesSupportingCaching = await getLanguagesSupportingCaching(
    stubCodeql,
-    [KnownLanguage.javascript, KnownLanguage.cpp],
+    [BuiltInLanguage.javascript, BuiltInLanguage.cpp],
    logger,
  );
-  t.deepEqual(languagesSupportingCaching, [KnownLanguage.javascript]);
+  t.deepEqual(languagesSupportingCaching, [BuiltInLanguage.javascript]);
 });

 test.serial("upload cache key contains right fields", async (t) => {
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ test.serial(
      );
      await downloadTrapCaches(
        stubCodeql,
-        [KnownLanguage.javascript, KnownLanguage.cpp],
+        [BuiltInLanguage.javascript, BuiltInLanguage.cpp],
        logger,
      );
      t.assert(
@@ -156,9 +156,8 @@ async function combineSarifFilesUsingCLI(
      apiURL: getRequiredEnvParam("GITHUB_API_URL"),
    };

-    const codeQLDefaultVersionInfo = await features.getDefaultCliVersion(
-      gitHubVersion.type,
-    );
+    const codeQLDefaultVersionInfo =
+      await features.getEnabledDefaultCliVersions(gitHubVersion.type);

    const initCodeQLResult = await initCodeQL(
      undefined, // There is no tools input on the upload action
@@ -166,6 +165,8 @@ async function combineSarifFilesUsingCLI(
      tempDir,
      gitHubVersion.type,
      codeQLDefaultVersionInfo,
+      undefined, // rawLanguages: upload-lib does not run analysis
+      false, // useOverlayAwareDefaultCliVersion: upload-lib does not run analysis
      features,
      logger,
    );
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import * as sinon from "sinon";

 import { AnalysisKind, getAnalysisConfig } from "./analyses";
 import { getRunnerLogger } from "./logging";
-import { createFeatures, setupTests } from "./testing-utils";
+import { createFeatures, makeMacro, setupTests } from "./testing-utils";
 import { UploadResult } from "./upload-lib";
 import * as uploadLib from "./upload-lib";
 import { postProcessAndUploadSarif } from "./upload-sarif";
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ function mockPostProcessSarifFiles() {
  return postProcessSarifFiles;
 }

-const postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro = test.macro({
+const postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro = makeMacro({
  exec: async (
    t: ExecutionContext<unknown>,
    sarifFiles: string[],
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ const postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro = test.macro({
        const analysisConfig = getAnalysisConfig(analysisKind);
        uploadPostProcessedFiles
          .withArgs(logger, sinon.match.any, analysisConfig, sinon.match.any)
-          .resolves(expectedResult[analysisKind as AnalysisKind]?.uploadResult);
+          .resolves(expectedResult[analysisKind]?.uploadResult);
      }

      const fullSarifPaths = sarifFiles.map(toFullPath);
@@ -123,9 +123,8 @@ const postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro = test.macro({
  title: (providedTitle = "") => `processAndUploadSarif - ${providedTitle}`,
 });

-test.serial(
+postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro.serial(
  "SARIF file",
-  postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro,
  ["test.sarif"],
  (tempDir) => path.join(tempDir, "test.sarif"),
  {
@@ -138,9 +137,8 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
+postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro.serial(
  "JSON file",
-  postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro,
  ["test.json"],
  (tempDir) => path.join(tempDir, "test.json"),
  {
@@ -153,9 +151,8 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
+postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro.serial(
  "Code Scanning files",
-  postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro,
  ["test.json", "test.sarif"],
  undefined,
  {
@@ -169,9 +166,8 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
+postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro.serial(
  "Code Quality file",
-  postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro,
  ["test.quality.sarif"],
  (tempDir) => path.join(tempDir, "test.quality.sarif"),
  {
@@ -184,9 +180,8 @@ test.serial(
  },
 );

-test.serial(
+postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro.serial(
  "Mixed files",
-  postProcessAndUploadSarifMacro,
  ["test.sarif", "test.quality.sarif"],
  undefined,
  {
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ async function testLanguageAliases(
          ],
        },
      },
-    } as Workflow,
+    },
    codeql,
  );

@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@ packs:
    - codeql-testing/codeql-pack3:other-query.ql

 paths-ignore:
-  - tests
  - lib
+  - pr-checks
+  - tests
@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@ name: Pack testing in the CodeQL Action

 disable-default-queries: true
 paths-ignore:
-  - tests
  - lib
+  - pr-checks
+  - tests
@@ -6,5 +6,6 @@ packs:
    - codeql-testing/codeql-pack2
    - codeql-testing/codeql-pack3:other-query.ql
 paths-ignore:
-  - tests
  - lib
+  - pr-checks
+  - tests