googletest/googlemock/README.md

## Google Mock ##

The Google C++ mocking framework.

### Overview ###

Google's framework for writing and using C++ mock classes.
It can help you derive better designs of your system and write better tests.

It is inspired by:

  * [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/),
  * [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/), and
  * [Hamcrest](http://code.google.com/p/hamcrest/),

and designed with C++'s specifics in mind.

Google mock:

  * lets you create mock classes trivially using simple macros.
  * supports a rich set of matchers and actions.
  * handles unordered, partially ordered, or completely ordered expectations.
  * is extensible by users.

We hope you find it useful!

### Features ###

  * Provides a declarative syntax for defining mocks.
  * Can easily define partial (hybrid) mocks, which are a cross of real
    and mock objects.
  * Handles functions of arbitrary types and overloaded functions.
  * Comes with a rich set of matchers for validating function arguments.
  * Uses an intuitive syntax for controlling the behavior of a mock.
  * Does automatic verification of expectations (no record-and-replay needed).
  * Allows arbitrary (partial) ordering constraints on
    function calls to be expressed,.
  * Lets a user extend it by defining new matchers and actions.
  * Does not use exceptions.
  * Is easy to learn and use.

Please see the project page above for more information as well as the
mailing list for questions, discussions, and development.  There is
also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available.  Please
join us!

Please note that code under [scripts/generator](scripts/generator/) is
from [cppclean](http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) and released under
the Apache License, which is different from Google Mock's license.

## Getting Started ##

If you are new to the project, we suggest that you read the user
documentation in the following order:

  * Learn the [basics](../googletest/docs/primer.md) of
    Google Test, if you choose to use Google Mock with it (recommended).
  * Read [Google Mock for Dummies](../googlemock/docs/ForDummies.md).
  * Read the instructions below on how to build Google Mock.

You can also watch Zhanyong's [talk](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYpCyLI47rM) on Google Mock's usage and implementation.

Once you understand the basics, check out the rest of the docs:

  * [CheatSheet](../googlemock/docs/CheatSheet.md) - all the commonly used stuff
    at a glance.
  * [CookBook](../googlemock/docs/CookBook.md) - recipes for getting things done,
    including advanced techniques.

If you need help, please check the
[KnownIssues](docs/KnownIssues.md) and
[FrequentlyAskedQuestions](docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md) before
posting a question on the
[discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock).


### Using Google Mock Without Google Test ###

Google Mock is not a testing framework itself.  Instead, it needs a
testing framework for writing tests.  Google Mock works seamlessly
with [Google Test](https://github.com/google/googletest), but
you can also use it with [any C++ testing framework](../googlemock/docs/ForDummies.md#using-google-mock-with-any-testing-framework).

### Requirements for End Users ###

Google Mock is implemented on top of [Google Test](
http://github.com/google/googletest/), and depends on it.
You must use the bundled version of Google Test when using Google Mock.

You can also easily configure Google Mock to work with another testing
framework, although it will still need Google Test.  Please read
["Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework"](
    ../googlemock/docs/ForDummies.md#using-google-mock-with-any-testing-framework)
for instructions.

Google Mock depends on advanced C++ features and thus requires a more
modern compiler. The following are needed to use Google Mock:

#### Linux Requirements ####

  * GNU-compatible Make or "gmake"
  * POSIX-standard shell
  * POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h)
  * C++98-standard-compliant compiler (e.g. GCC 3.4 or newer)

#### Windows Requirements ####

  * Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 SP1 or newer

#### Mac OS X Requirements ####

  * Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer
  * Developer Tools Installed

### Requirements for Contributors ###

We welcome patches. If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to
build Google Mock and its tests, which has further requirements:

  * Automake version 1.9 or newer
  * Autoconf version 2.59 or newer
  * Libtool / Libtoolize
  * Python version 2.3 or newer (for running some of the tests and
    re-generating certain source files from templates)

### Building Google Mock ###

#### Using CMake ####

If you have CMake available, it is recommended that you follow the
[build instructions][gtest_cmakebuild]
as described for Google Test.

If are using Google Mock with an
existing CMake project, the section
[Incorporating Into An Existing CMake Project][gtest_incorpcmake]
may be of particular interest.
To make it work for Google Mock you will need to change

    target_link_libraries(example gtest_main)

to

    target_link_libraries(example gmock_main)

This works because `gmock_main` library is compiled with Google Test.


### Tweaking Google Mock ###

Google Mock can be used in diverse environments.  The default
configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in
some environments.  However, you can easily tweak Google Mock by
defining control macros on the compiler command line.  Generally,
these macros are named like `GTEST_XYZ` and you define them to either 1
or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.

We list the most frequently used macros below.  For a complete list,
see file [${GTEST\_DIR}/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](
../googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h).

### As a Shared Library (DLL) ###

Google Mock is compact, so most users can build and link it as a static
library for the simplicity.  Google Mock can be used as a DLL, but the
same DLL must contain Google Test as well.  See
[Google Test's README][gtest_readme]
for instructions on how to set up necessary compiler settings.

### Tweaking Google Mock ###

Most of Google Test's control macros apply to Google Mock as well.
Please see [Google Test's README][gtest_readme] for how to tweak them.

### Upgrading from an Earlier Version ###

We strive to keep Google Mock releases backward compatible.
Sometimes, though, we have to make some breaking changes for the
users' long-term benefits.  This section describes what you'll need to
do if you are upgrading from an earlier version of Google Mock.

#### Upgrading from 1.1.0 or Earlier ####

You may need to explicitly enable or disable Google Test's own TR1
tuple library.  See the instructions in section "[Choosing a TR1 Tuple
Library](#choosing-a-tr1-tuple-library)".

#### Upgrading from 1.4.0 or Earlier ####

On platforms where the pthread library is available, Google Test and
Google Mock use it in order to be thread-safe.  For this to work, you
may need to tweak your compiler and/or linker flags.  Please see the
"[Multi-threaded Tests](../googletest/README.md#multi-threaded-tests)" section in file Google Test's README for what you may need to do.

If you have custom matchers defined using `MatcherInterface` or
`MakePolymorphicMatcher()`, you'll need to update their definitions to
use the new matcher API (
[monomorphic](./docs/CookBook.md#writing-new-monomorphic-matchers),
[polymorphic](./docs/CookBook.md#writing-new-polymorphic-matchers)).
Matchers defined using `MATCHER()` or `MATCHER_P*()` aren't affected.

Happy testing!

[gtest_readme]: ../googletest/README.md "googletest"
[gtest_cmakebuild]:  ../googletest/README.md#using-cmake "Using CMake"
[gtest_incorpcmake]: ../googletest/README.md#incorporating-into-an-existing-cmake-project "Incorporating Into An Existing CMake Project"