f122c6dfbb
- LevelDB patch for FreeBSD. This resolves Issue 22. Contributed by dforsythe (thanks!). - Removing Chromium-specific files. They are now going to live in the Chromium repository. - Adding a benchmark page comparing LevelDB performance to SQLite and Kyoto Cabinet's TreeDB, along with code to generate the benchmarks. Thanks to Kevin Tseng for compiling the benchmarks, and Scott Hess and Mikio Hirabayashi for their help and advice. git-svn-id: https://leveldb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@40 62dab493-f737-651d-591e-8d6aee1b9529
683 lines
21 KiB
C++
683 lines
21 KiB
C++
// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
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// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
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// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <sqlite3.h>
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#include "util/histogram.h"
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#include "util/random.h"
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#include "util/testutil.h"
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// Comma-separated list of operations to run in the specified order
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// Actual benchmarks:
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//
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// fillseq -- write N values in sequential key order in async mode
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// fillseqsync -- write N/100 values in sequential key order in sync mode
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// fillseqbatch -- batch write N values in sequential key order in async mode
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// fillrandom -- write N values in random key order in async mode
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// fillrandsync -- write N/100 values in random key order in sync mode
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// fillrandbatch -- batch write N values in sequential key order in async mode
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// overwrite -- overwrite N values in random key order in async mode
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// fillrand100K -- write N/1000 100K values in random order in async mode
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// fillseq100K -- write N/1000 100K values in sequential order in async mode
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// readseq -- read N times sequentially
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// readrandom -- read N times in random order
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// readseq100K -- read N/1000 100K values in sequential order in async mode
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// readrand100K -- read N/1000 100K values in sequential order in async mode
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static const char* FLAGS_benchmarks =
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"fillseq,"
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"fillseqsync,"
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"fillseqbatch,"
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"fillrandom,"
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"fillrandsync,"
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"fillrandbatch,"
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"overwrite,"
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"overwritebatch,"
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"readrandom,"
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"readseq,"
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"fillrand100K,"
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"fillseq100K,"
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"readseq100K,"
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"readrand100K,"
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;
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// Number of key/values to place in database
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static int FLAGS_num = 1000000;
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// Number of read operations to do. If negative, do FLAGS_num reads.
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static int FLAGS_reads = -1;
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// Size of each value
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static int FLAGS_value_size = 100;
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// Print histogram of operation timings
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static bool FLAGS_histogram = false;
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// Arrange to generate values that shrink to this fraction of
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// their original size after compression
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static double FLAGS_compression_ratio = 0.5;
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// Page size. Default 1 KB.
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static int FLAGS_page_size = 1024;
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// Number of pages.
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// Default cache size = FLAGS_page_size * FLAGS_num_pages = 4 MB.
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static int FLAGS_num_pages = 4096;
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// If true, do not destroy the existing database. If you set this
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// flag and also specify a benchmark that wants a fresh database, that
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// benchmark will fail.
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static bool FLAGS_use_existing_db = false;
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// If true, we allow batch writes to occur
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static bool FLAGS_transaction = true;
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// If true, we enable Write-Ahead Logging
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static bool FLAGS_WAL_enabled = false;
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inline
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static void ExecErrorCheck(int status, char *err_msg) {
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if (status != SQLITE_OK) {
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fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", err_msg);
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sqlite3_free(err_msg);
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exit(1);
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}
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}
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inline
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static void StepErrorCheck(int status) {
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if (status != SQLITE_DONE) {
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fprintf(stderr, "SQL step error: status = %d\n", status);
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exit(1);
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}
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}
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inline
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static void ErrorCheck(int status) {
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if (status != SQLITE_OK) {
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fprintf(stderr, "sqlite3 error: status = %d\n", status);
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exit(1);
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}
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}
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inline
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static void WalCheckpoint(sqlite3* db_) {
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// Flush all writes to disk
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if (FLAGS_WAL_enabled) {
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sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(db_, NULL, SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, NULL, NULL);
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}
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}
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namespace leveldb {
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// Helper for quickly generating random data.
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namespace {
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class RandomGenerator {
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private:
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std::string data_;
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int pos_;
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public:
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RandomGenerator() {
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// We use a limited amount of data over and over again and ensure
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// that it is larger than the compression window (32KB), and also
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// large enough to serve all typical value sizes we want to write.
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Random rnd(301);
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std::string piece;
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while (data_.size() < 1048576) {
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// Add a short fragment that is as compressible as specified
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// by FLAGS_compression_ratio.
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test::CompressibleString(&rnd, FLAGS_compression_ratio, 100, &piece);
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data_.append(piece);
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}
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pos_ = 0;
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}
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Slice Generate(int len) {
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if (pos_ + len > data_.size()) {
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pos_ = 0;
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assert(len < data_.size());
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}
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pos_ += len;
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return Slice(data_.data() + pos_ - len, len);
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}
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};
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static Slice TrimSpace(Slice s) {
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int start = 0;
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while (start < s.size() && isspace(s[start])) {
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start++;
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}
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int limit = s.size();
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while (limit > start && isspace(s[limit-1])) {
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limit--;
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}
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return Slice(s.data() + start, limit - start);
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}
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}
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class Benchmark {
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private:
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sqlite3* db_;
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int db_num_;
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int num_;
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int reads_;
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double start_;
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double last_op_finish_;
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int64_t bytes_;
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std::string message_;
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Histogram hist_;
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RandomGenerator gen_;
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Random rand_;
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// State kept for progress messages
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int done_;
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int next_report_; // When to report next
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void PrintHeader() {
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const int kKeySize = 16;
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PrintEnvironment();
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fprintf(stdout, "Keys: %d bytes each\n", kKeySize);
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fprintf(stdout, "Values: %d bytes each\n", FLAGS_value_size);
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fprintf(stdout, "Entries: %d\n", num_);
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fprintf(stdout, "RawSize: %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
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((static_cast<int64_t>(kKeySize + FLAGS_value_size) * num_)
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/ 1048576.0));
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PrintWarnings();
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fprintf(stdout, "------------------------------------------------\n");
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}
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void PrintWarnings() {
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#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
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fprintf(stdout,
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"WARNING: Optimization is disabled: benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n"
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);
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#endif
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#ifndef NDEBUG
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fprintf(stdout,
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"WARNING: Assertions are enabled; benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n");
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#endif
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}
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void PrintEnvironment() {
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fprintf(stderr, "SQLite: version %s\n", SQLITE_VERSION);
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#if defined(__linux)
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time_t now = time(NULL);
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fprintf(stderr, "Date: %s", ctime(&now)); // ctime() adds newline
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FILE* cpuinfo = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "r");
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if (cpuinfo != NULL) {
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char line[1000];
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int num_cpus = 0;
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std::string cpu_type;
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std::string cache_size;
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while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), cpuinfo) != NULL) {
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const char* sep = strchr(line, ':');
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if (sep == NULL) {
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continue;
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}
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Slice key = TrimSpace(Slice(line, sep - 1 - line));
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Slice val = TrimSpace(Slice(sep + 1));
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if (key == "model name") {
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++num_cpus;
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cpu_type = val.ToString();
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} else if (key == "cache size") {
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cache_size = val.ToString();
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}
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}
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fclose(cpuinfo);
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fprintf(stderr, "CPU: %d * %s\n", num_cpus, cpu_type.c_str());
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fprintf(stderr, "CPUCache: %s\n", cache_size.c_str());
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}
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#endif
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}
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void Start() {
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start_ = Env::Default()->NowMicros() * 1e-6;
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bytes_ = 0;
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message_.clear();
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last_op_finish_ = start_;
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hist_.Clear();
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done_ = 0;
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next_report_ = 100;
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}
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void FinishedSingleOp() {
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if (FLAGS_histogram) {
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double now = Env::Default()->NowMicros() * 1e-6;
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double micros = (now - last_op_finish_) * 1e6;
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hist_.Add(micros);
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if (micros > 20000) {
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fprintf(stderr, "long op: %.1f micros%30s\r", micros, "");
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fflush(stderr);
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}
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last_op_finish_ = now;
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}
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done_++;
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if (done_ >= next_report_) {
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if (next_report_ < 1000) next_report_ += 100;
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else if (next_report_ < 5000) next_report_ += 500;
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else if (next_report_ < 10000) next_report_ += 1000;
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else if (next_report_ < 50000) next_report_ += 5000;
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else if (next_report_ < 100000) next_report_ += 10000;
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else if (next_report_ < 500000) next_report_ += 50000;
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else next_report_ += 100000;
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fprintf(stderr, "... finished %d ops%30s\r", done_, "");
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fflush(stderr);
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}
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}
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void Stop(const Slice& name) {
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double finish = Env::Default()->NowMicros() * 1e-6;
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// Pretend at least one op was done in case we are running a benchmark
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// that does not call FinishedSingleOp().
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if (done_ < 1) done_ = 1;
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if (bytes_ > 0) {
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char rate[100];
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snprintf(rate, sizeof(rate), "%6.1f MB/s",
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(bytes_ / 1048576.0) / (finish - start_));
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if (!message_.empty()) {
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message_ = std::string(rate) + " " + message_;
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} else {
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message_ = rate;
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}
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}
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fprintf(stdout, "%-12s : %11.3f micros/op;%s%s\n",
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name.ToString().c_str(),
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(finish - start_) * 1e6 / done_,
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(message_.empty() ? "" : " "),
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message_.c_str());
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if (FLAGS_histogram) {
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fprintf(stdout, "Microseconds per op:\n%s\n", hist_.ToString().c_str());
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}
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fflush(stdout);
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}
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public:
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enum Order {
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SEQUENTIAL,
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RANDOM
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};
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enum DBState {
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FRESH,
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EXISTING
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};
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Benchmark()
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: db_(NULL),
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db_num_(0),
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num_(FLAGS_num),
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reads_(FLAGS_reads < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_reads),
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bytes_(0),
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rand_(301) {
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std::vector<std::string> files;
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Env::Default()->GetChildren("/tmp", &files);
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if (!FLAGS_use_existing_db) {
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for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
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if (Slice(files[i]).starts_with("dbbench_sqlite3")) {
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Env::Default()->DeleteFile("/tmp/" + files[i]);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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~Benchmark() {
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int status = sqlite3_close(db_);
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ErrorCheck(status);
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}
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void Run() {
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PrintHeader();
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Open();
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const char* benchmarks = FLAGS_benchmarks;
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while (benchmarks != NULL) {
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const char* sep = strchr(benchmarks, ',');
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Slice name;
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if (sep == NULL) {
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name = benchmarks;
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benchmarks = NULL;
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} else {
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name = Slice(benchmarks, sep - benchmarks);
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benchmarks = sep + 1;
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}
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bytes_ = 0;
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Start();
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bool known = true;
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bool write_sync = false;
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if (name == Slice("fillseq")) {
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Write(write_sync, SEQUENTIAL, FRESH, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillseqbatch")) {
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Write(write_sync, SEQUENTIAL, FRESH, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1000);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillrandom")) {
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Write(write_sync, RANDOM, FRESH, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillrandbatch")) {
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Write(write_sync, RANDOM, FRESH, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1000);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("overwrite")) {
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Write(write_sync, RANDOM, EXISTING, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("overwritebatch")) {
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Write(write_sync, RANDOM, EXISTING, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1000);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillrandsync")) {
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write_sync = true;
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Write(write_sync, RANDOM, FRESH, num_ / 100, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillseqsync")) {
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write_sync = true;
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Write(write_sync, SEQUENTIAL, FRESH, num_ / 100, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillrand100K")) {
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Write(write_sync, RANDOM, FRESH, num_ / 1000, 100 * 1000, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("fillseq100K")) {
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Write(write_sync, SEQUENTIAL, FRESH, num_ / 1000, 100 * 1000, 1);
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WalCheckpoint(db_);
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} else if (name == Slice("readseq")) {
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Read(SEQUENTIAL, 1);
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} else if (name == Slice("readrandom")) {
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Read(RANDOM, 1);
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} else if (name == Slice("readrand100K")) {
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int n = reads_;
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reads_ /= 1000;
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Read(RANDOM, 1);
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reads_ = n;
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} else if (name == Slice("readseq100K")) {
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int n = reads_;
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reads_ /= 1000;
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Read(SEQUENTIAL, 1);
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reads_ = n;
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} else {
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known = false;
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if (name != Slice()) { // No error message for empty name
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fprintf(stderr, "unknown benchmark '%s'\n", name.ToString().c_str());
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}
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}
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if (known) {
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Stop(name);
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}
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}
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}
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void Open() {
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assert(db_ == NULL);
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int status;
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char file_name[100];
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char* err_msg = NULL;
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db_num_++;
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// Open database
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snprintf(file_name, sizeof(file_name), "/tmp/dbbench_sqlite3-%d.db",
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db_num_);
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status = sqlite3_open(file_name, &db_);
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if (status) {
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fprintf(stderr, "open error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db_));
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exit(1);
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}
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// Change SQLite cache size
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char cache_size[100];
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snprintf(cache_size, sizeof(cache_size), "PRAGMA cache_size = %d",
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FLAGS_num_pages);
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status = sqlite3_exec(db_, cache_size, NULL, NULL, &err_msg);
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ExecErrorCheck(status, err_msg);
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// FLAGS_page_size is defaulted to 1024
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if (FLAGS_page_size != 1024) {
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char page_size[100];
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snprintf(page_size, sizeof(page_size), "PRAGMA page_size = %d",
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FLAGS_page_size);
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status = sqlite3_exec(db_, page_size, NULL, NULL, &err_msg);
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ExecErrorCheck(status, err_msg);
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}
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// Change journal mode to WAL if WAL enabled flag is on
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if (FLAGS_WAL_enabled) {
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std::string WAL_stmt = "PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL";
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status = sqlite3_exec(db_, WAL_stmt.c_str(), NULL, NULL, &err_msg);
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ExecErrorCheck(status, err_msg);
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}
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// Change locking mode to exclusive and create tables/index for database
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std::string locking_stmt = "PRAGMA locking_mode = EXCLUSIVE";
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std::string create_stmt =
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"CREATE TABLE test (key blob, value blob, PRIMARY KEY(key))";
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std::string index_stmt = "CREATE INDEX keyindex ON test (key)";
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std::string stmt_array[] = { locking_stmt, create_stmt, index_stmt };
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int stmt_array_length = sizeof(stmt_array) / sizeof(std::string);
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for (int i = 0; i < stmt_array_length; i++) {
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status = sqlite3_exec(db_, stmt_array[i].c_str(), NULL, NULL, &err_msg);
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ExecErrorCheck(status, err_msg);
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}
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}
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void Write(bool write_sync, Order order, DBState state,
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int num_entries, int value_size, int entries_per_batch) {
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// Create new database if state == FRESH
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if (state == FRESH) {
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if (FLAGS_use_existing_db) {
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message_ = "skipping (--use_existing_db is true)";
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return;
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}
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sqlite3_close(db_);
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db_ = NULL;
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Open();
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Start();
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}
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if (num_entries != num_) {
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char msg[100];
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snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%d ops)", num_entries);
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message_ = msg;
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}
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char* err_msg = NULL;
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int status;
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sqlite3_stmt *replace_stmt, *begin_trans_stmt, *end_trans_stmt;
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std::string replace_str = "REPLACE INTO test (key, value) VALUES (?, ?)";
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std::string begin_trans_str = "BEGIN TRANSACTION;";
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std::string end_trans_str = "END TRANSACTION;";
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// Check for synchronous flag in options
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std::string sync_stmt = (write_sync) ? "PRAGMA synchronous = FULL" :
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"PRAGMA synchronous = OFF";
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status = sqlite3_exec(db_, sync_stmt.c_str(), NULL, NULL, &err_msg);
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ExecErrorCheck(status, err_msg);
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// Preparing sqlite3 statements
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status = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db_, replace_str.c_str(), -1,
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|
&replace_stmt, NULL);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db_, begin_trans_str.c_str(), -1,
|
|
&begin_trans_stmt, NULL);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db_, end_trans_str.c_str(), -1,
|
|
&end_trans_stmt, NULL);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
bool transaction = (entries_per_batch > 1);
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < num_entries; i += entries_per_batch) {
|
|
// Begin write transaction
|
|
if (FLAGS_transaction && transaction) {
|
|
status = sqlite3_step(begin_trans_stmt);
|
|
StepErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_reset(begin_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Create and execute SQL statements
|
|
for (int j = 0; j < entries_per_batch; j++) {
|
|
const char* value = gen_.Generate(value_size).data();
|
|
|
|
// Create values for key-value pair
|
|
const int k = (order == SEQUENTIAL) ? i + j :
|
|
(rand_.Next() % num_entries);
|
|
char key[100];
|
|
snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d", k);
|
|
|
|
// Bind KV values into replace_stmt
|
|
status = sqlite3_bind_blob(replace_stmt, 1, key, 16, SQLITE_STATIC);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_bind_blob(replace_stmt, 2, value,
|
|
value_size, SQLITE_STATIC);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
// Execute replace_stmt
|
|
bytes_ += value_size + strlen(key);
|
|
status = sqlite3_step(replace_stmt);
|
|
StepErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
// Reset SQLite statement for another use
|
|
status = sqlite3_clear_bindings(replace_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_reset(replace_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
FinishedSingleOp();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// End write transaction
|
|
if (FLAGS_transaction && transaction) {
|
|
status = sqlite3_step(end_trans_stmt);
|
|
StepErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_reset(end_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
status = sqlite3_finalize(replace_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_finalize(begin_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_finalize(end_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void Read(Order order, int entries_per_batch) {
|
|
int status;
|
|
sqlite3_stmt *read_stmt, *begin_trans_stmt, *end_trans_stmt;
|
|
|
|
std::string read_str = "SELECT * FROM test WHERE key = ?";
|
|
std::string begin_trans_str = "BEGIN TRANSACTION;";
|
|
std::string end_trans_str = "END TRANSACTION;";
|
|
|
|
// Preparing sqlite3 statements
|
|
status = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db_, begin_trans_str.c_str(), -1,
|
|
&begin_trans_stmt, NULL);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db_, end_trans_str.c_str(), -1,
|
|
&end_trans_stmt, NULL);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db_, read_str.c_str(), -1, &read_stmt, NULL);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
bool transaction = (entries_per_batch > 1);
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < reads_; i += entries_per_batch) {
|
|
// Begin read transaction
|
|
if (FLAGS_transaction && transaction) {
|
|
status = sqlite3_step(begin_trans_stmt);
|
|
StepErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_reset(begin_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Create and execute SQL statements
|
|
for (int j = 0; j < entries_per_batch; j++) {
|
|
// Create key value
|
|
char key[100];
|
|
int k = (order == SEQUENTIAL) ? i + j : (rand_.Next() % reads_);
|
|
snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d", k);
|
|
|
|
// Bind key value into read_stmt
|
|
status = sqlite3_bind_blob(read_stmt, 1, key, 16, SQLITE_STATIC);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
// Execute read statement
|
|
while ((status = sqlite3_step(read_stmt)) == SQLITE_ROW);
|
|
StepErrorCheck(status);
|
|
|
|
// Reset SQLite statement for another use
|
|
status = sqlite3_clear_bindings(read_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_reset(read_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
FinishedSingleOp();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// End read transaction
|
|
if (FLAGS_transaction && transaction) {
|
|
status = sqlite3_step(end_trans_stmt);
|
|
StepErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_reset(end_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
status = sqlite3_finalize(read_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_finalize(begin_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
status = sqlite3_finalize(end_trans_stmt);
|
|
ErrorCheck(status);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
|
|
for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
|
|
double d;
|
|
int n;
|
|
char junk;
|
|
if (leveldb::Slice(argv[i]).starts_with("--benchmarks=")) {
|
|
FLAGS_benchmarks = argv[i] + strlen("--benchmarks=");
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--histogram=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
|
|
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
|
|
FLAGS_histogram = n;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--compression_ratio=%lf%c", &d, &junk) == 1) {
|
|
FLAGS_compression_ratio = d;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--use_existing_db=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
|
|
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
|
|
FLAGS_use_existing_db = n;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--num=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
|
|
FLAGS_num = n;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--reads=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
|
|
FLAGS_reads = n;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--value_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
|
|
FLAGS_value_size = n;
|
|
} else if (leveldb::Slice(argv[i]) == leveldb::Slice("--no_transaction")) {
|
|
FLAGS_transaction = false;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--page_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
|
|
FLAGS_page_size = n;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--num_pages=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
|
|
FLAGS_num_pages = n;
|
|
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--WAL_enabled=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
|
|
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
|
|
FLAGS_WAL_enabled = n;
|
|
} else {
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid flag '%s'\n", argv[i]);
|
|
exit(1);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
leveldb::Benchmark benchmark;
|
|
benchmark.Run();
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|