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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable form with such
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.

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The GNU General Public License, Version 2, June 1991 (GPLv2)
============================================================
> Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
> 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
--------
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share
and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to
guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the
software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most
of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose
authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is
covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our
General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to
distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish),
that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change
the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can
do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny
you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions
translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the
software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a
fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make
sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them
these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer
you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or
modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that
everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the
software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to
know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by
others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish
to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually
obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent
this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free
use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification
follow.
Terms And Conditions For Copying, Distribution And Modification
---------------------------------------------------------------
**0.** This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice
placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of
this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or
work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any
derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the
Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or
translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without
limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by
this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not
restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents
constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by
running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
**1.** You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code
as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License
and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program
a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at
your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
**2.** You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it,
thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such
modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also
meet all of these conditions:
* **a)** You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating
that you changed the files and the date of any change.
* **b)** You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole
or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to
be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of
this License.
* **c)** If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the
most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an
appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or
else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute
the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy
of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does
not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is
not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable
sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably
considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and
its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate
works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a
work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole,
and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your
rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the
right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the
Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the
Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this
License.
**3.** You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under
Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2
above provided that you also do one of the following:
* **a)** Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source
code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on
a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
* **b)** Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to
give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically
performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the
corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1
and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
* **c)** Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to
distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for
noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object
code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b
above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the
source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface
definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation
of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed
need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or
binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself
accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy
from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code
from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third
parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
**4.** You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as
expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify,
sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate
your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or
rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so
long as such parties remain in full compliance.
**5.** You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed
it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the
Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or
any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to
do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
the Program or works based on it.
**6.** Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original
licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and
conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients'
exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing
compliance by third parties to this License.
**7.** If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions
are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that
contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the
conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy
simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all.
For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of
the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you,
then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain
entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any
particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the
section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or
other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this
section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software
distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many
people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software
distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to
distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that
choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a
consequence of the rest of this License.
**8.** If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain
countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright
holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit
geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that
distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such
case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this
License.
**9.** The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar
in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new
problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies
a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version",
you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version
or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the
Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any
version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
**10.** If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs
whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for
permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation,
write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this.
Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of
all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of
software generally.
No Warranty
-----------
**11.** BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR
THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE
STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM
"AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING,
BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
**12.** IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA
BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER
OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

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# gdb-7.12-crossbuilder
A simple shell script and two bash scripts used to build a static gdb-7.12 gdbserver using cross-compiler setups
## Build Scripts and Toolchain Helpers
* activate-openwrt-toolchain.env - place file in prebuilt OpenWRT toolchain root, source it for productivity, etc.
* activate-musl-toolchain.env - place file in musl-cross-make toolchain root, source it for productivity, etc.
* gdbserver-7.12-static-build.sh - shell script to build a static gdb-7.12 gdbserver using a cross-compile toolchain
### First - If you just want to build a native gdb-7.12 gdbserver statically
You don't need any of this. These scripts just simplify doing it with different toolchains. If you're doing it natively it can be summarized pretty quickly
```
$ wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/gdb-7.12.tar.xz
$ tar -xvf gdb-7.12.tar.xz
$ cd gdb-7.12/gdb/gdbserver
$ sed -i -e 's/srv_linux_thread_db=yes//' configure.srv
$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/gdbserver-7.12-static CXXFLAGS='fPIC -static'
$ make -j gdbserver GDBSERVER_LIBS="/path/to/libstdc++.a /path/to/libgcc_eh.a"
```
You will have a statically compiled GDB 7.12 gdbserver for your native OS. Read on for the cross-compile stuff.
### Use an env script with a pre-built OpenWrt Toolchain
Browse to https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/trunk/ to find your toolchain
To use this script, assume you have a directory called /toolchains/ and that this is where you will keep the toolchains, one subdirectory per toolchain. You're a maniac- you're hoarding toolchains and probably up to no good.
To get a new toolchain up in such a way to use active-openwrt-toolchain, grab a file like OpenWrt-Toolchain-brcm63xx-generic_gcc-5.3.0_musl-1.1.16.Linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
```
$ cd ~/ && git clone https://github.com/mzpqnxow/gdb-7.12-crossbuilder
$ cd gdb-7.12-crossbuilder
$ wget https://.../OpenWrt-Toolchain-brcm63xx-generic_gcc-5.3.0_musl-1.1.16.Linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
$ tar -xvjf OpenWrt-Toolchain-brcm63xx-generic_gcc-5.3.0_musl-1.1.16.Linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
$ cd OpenWrt-Toolchain-brcm63xx-generic_gcc-5.3.0_musl-1.1.16.Linux-x86_64/
$ TOOLCHAIN=$(echo toolchain-*)
$ mv "$TOOLCHAIN" /openwrt-toolchains/
$ cp ~/gdb-7.12-crossbuilder/activate-openwrt-toolchain.env /openwrt-toolchains/$TOOLCHAIN/activate
$ source /openwrt-toolchains/$TOOLCHAIN/activate
```
### Use an env script with an installed toolchain built by musl-cross-make
Using musl-cross-make is a nice experience- I recommend you try it. If you do, all you need to do is edit config.mak, use make -j and make install. That's it. You're done. The activate-musl-toolchain file is for you to place in the root of the installed toolchain to use as a convenience to "activate" the toolchain in your environment.
```
$ export TOOLCHAIN_DEST=/musl-cross-make-toolchains/toolchain-mips_mips32_musl/
$ cd ~/
git clone https://github.com/richfelker/musl-cross-make
$ cd musl-cross-make
$ vi config.mak
... assume you're installing to $TOOLCHAIN_DEST ...
$ make -j && make install
$ cd ~/
$ git clone https://github.com/mzpqnxow/gdb-7.12-crossbuilder
$ cd gdb-7.12-crossbuilder
$ cp activate-musl-toolchain.env $TOOLCHAIN_DEST/activate
$ source $TOOLCHAIN_DEST/activate
$ wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/gdb-7.12.tar.xz
$ tar -xvf gdb-7.12.tar.xz
$ cp gdbserver-7.12-static-build.sh gdb-7.12/gdb/gdbserver
$ cd gdb-7.12/gdb/gdbserver
$ ./gdbserver-7.12-static-build.sh
$ file gdbserver
gdbserver: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI5 version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped
```
### Capabilities provided
See the end of each .env file. You will see variables exported. Those variables can now be accessed in your shell while building software. Tools like gcc, ar, ld, g++, etc. will also now be in your path and there will be a ```cross_configure``` alias in the shell to simplify using software packages that utilize ./configure build systems
#### Sample environment variables after activating an OpenWrt toolchain
```
DL_STATIC=/opt/openwrt/armel-gnu-eabi5-sysv/lib/libdl.a
C_STATIC=/opt/openwrt/armel-gnu-eabi5-sysv/lib/libc.a
STDCXX_STATIC=/opt/openwrt/armel-gnu-eabi5-sysv/lib/libstdc++.a
UTIL_STATIC=/opt/openwrt/armel-gnu-eabi5-sysv/lib/libutil.a
PTHREAD_STATIC=/opt/openwrt/armel-gnu-eabi5-sysv/lib/libpthread.a
GCCEH_STATIC=/opt/openwrt/armel-gnu-eabi5-sysv/lib/gcc/arm-openwrt-linux-muslgnueabi/5.3.0/libgcc_eh.a
STAGING_DIR=/opt/openwrt/armel-gnu-eabi5-sysv
TOOLCHAIN_ROOT=/opt/openwrt/armel-gnu-eabi5-sysv
TOOLCHAIN_BIN=/opt/openwrt/armel-gnu-eabi5-sysv/bin
TOOLCHAIN_TARGET=arm-openwrt-linux-muslgnueabi
SYSTEM_ROOT=/opt/openwrt/armel-gnu-eabi5-sysv
```
#### Sample alias
```
alias cross_configure='./configure --host=arm-openwrt-linux-muslgnueabi --prefix=/opt/openwrt/armel-gnu-eabi5-sysv'
```
## License
# This software is released under the terms of GPLv2 by copyright@mzpqnxow.com
# Please see LICENSE or LICENSE.md for more information on GPLv2

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# This software is released under the terms of GPLv2 by copyright@mzpqnxow.com
# Please see LICENSE or LICENSE.md for more information on GPLv2
# This is not for you if you are not using a musl-cross-make toolchain
# This is a productivity script that should be sourced from a Bash shell
#
# It is meant to be used after making and installing a musl toolchain using
# the excellent musl-cross-make tool by Rich Felker:
#
# https://github.com/richfelker/musl-cross-make
#
# This file should be placed in /path/to/installed/toolchain/
# You should probably call it activate, but it doesn't matter
# All you need to do is source it (from anywhere) and it sets your env up for
# building software via build systems like configure or just via gcc/g++/as/ld
# commands. It helps with static linking by setting some static library paths
# also (See the XXX_STATIC variables)
#
# It makes assumptions and will try to set things up for you so you can
# conveniently build things with or without ./configure based build systems
#
CURDIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
TOOLCHAIN_TARGET="$(basename $(echo $CURDIR/*-*-musl*))"
TOOLCHAIN_ROOT="$CURDIR"
UTIL_STATIC=$(find $(realpath $CURDIR) -name libutil.a)
C_STATIC=$(find $(realpath $CURDIR) -name libc.a)
DL_STATIC=$(find $(realpath $CURDIR) -name libdl.a)
PTHREAD_STATIC=$(find $(realpath $CURDIR) -name libpthread.a)
STDCXX_STATIC=$(find $(realpath $CURDIR) -name libstdc++.a)
GCCEH_STATIC=$(find $(realpath $CURDIR) -name libgcc_eh.a)
TOOLCHAIN_BIN="$TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/bin"
echo "--- Build environment setup ---"
echo
echo "TOOLCHAIN_TARGET: $TOOLCHAIN_TARGET"
echo "TOOLCHAIN_BIN: $TOOLCHAIN_BIN"
echo
for TOOL in gcc \
addr2line \
ar \
as \
c++ \
cpp \
g++ \
ld \
nm \
objdump \
ranlib \
strip
do
echo " Symlinking $TOOL"
ln -sf "$TOOLCHAIN_BIN/$TOOLCHAIN_TARGET-$TOOL" "$TOOLCHAIN_BIN/$TOOL"
done
ln -sf "${TOOLCHAIN_BIN}/${TOOLCHAIN_TARGET}-gcc" "${TOOLCHAIN_BIN}/cc"
echo
export PATH="$TOOLCHAIN_BIN":"$PATH"
echo "TOOLCHAIN_TARGET: $TOOLCHAIN_TARGET"
echo "TOOLCHAIN_ROOT: $TOOLCHAIN_ROOT"
echo "TOOLCHAIN_BIN: $TOOLCHAIN_BIN"
echo
echo "GCC location: $(which gcc)"
echo "GAS location: $(which as)"
echo "GLD location: $(which ld)"
echo "G++ location: $(which g++)"
echo "CC location: $(which cc)"
echo
echo "UTIL_STATIC: $UTIL_STATIC"
echo "C_STATIC: $C_STATIC"
echo "DL_STATIC: $DL_STATIC"
echo "PTHREAD_STATIC: $PTHREAD_STATIC"
echo "STDCXX_STATIC: $STDCXX_STATIC"
echo "GCCEH_STATIC: $GCCEH_STATIC"
alias cross_configure="./configure \
--host=$TOOLCHAIN_TARGET \
--prefix=$TOOLCHAIN_ROOT"
echo
echo "Use cross_configure to invoke alias for:"
echo " $./configure --host=$TOOLCHAIN_TARGET --prefix=$TOOLCHAIN_ROOT"
echo
export UTIL_STATIC
export C_STATIC
export DL_STATIC
export PTHREAD_STATIC
export STDCXX_STATIC
export GCCEH_STATIC
export TOOLCHAIN_TARGET
export TOOLCHAIN_ROOT
export TOOLCHAIN_BIN

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# This software is released under the terms of GPLv2 by copyright@mzpqnxow.com
# Please see LICENSE or LICENSE.md for more information on GPLv2
#
# This is not for you unless you are using a pre-built OpenWRT toolchain
# This is a productivity script that should be sourced from a Bash shell
#
# It is meant to be used after unpacking pre-built OpenWrt toolchains, which
# are named like this:
#
# OpenWrt-Toolchain-xxx-yyy-5.3.0_musl-1.1.16.Linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
#
# A huge collection of them can be found at the following location:
#
# https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/trunk/
#
# This file should be placed in /path/to/installed/toolchain/
# The file must be in the root directory of the subdirectory of the unpacked
# toolchain - NOT the directory that contains the LICENSE file, but the main
# directory under that
#
# You can name the script whatever you want, I prefer to call it 'activate'
# All you need to do is source it (from any working directory) and it will set
# your environment up for building software via build systems like configure
# as well as for manual invocation via gcc, ld, etc. It helps with static
# linking by setting some static library locations as environment variables
# as well
#
# Assumptions are made, YMMV. It works well for me when I work on weird stuff
#
CURDIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
source "$CURDIR/info.mk"
TOOLCHAIN_TARGET="$TARGET_CROSS"
TOOLCHAIN_ROOT="$CURDIR"
UTIL_STATIC=$(find $(realpath $CURDIR) -name libutil.a)
C_STATIC=$(find $(realpath $CURDIR) -name libc.a)
DL_STATIC=$(find $(realpath $CURDIR) -name libdl.a)
PTHREAD_STATIC=$(find $(realpath $CURDIR) -name libpthread.a)
STDCXX_STATIC=$(find $(realpath $CURDIR) -name libstdc++.a)
GCCEH_STATIC=$(find $(realpath $CURDIR) -name libgcc_eh.a)
TOOLCHAIN_BIN="$CURDIR/bin"
GCC_BIN=$TOOLCHAIN_BIN/$CUR${TOOLCHAIN_TARGET}-gcc
AS_BIN=$TOOLCHAIN_BIN/${TOOLCHAIN_TARGET}-as
LD_BIN=$TOOLCHAIN_BIN/${TOOLCHAIN_TARGET}-ld
GXX_BIN=$TOOLCHAIN_BIN/${TOOLCHAIN_TARGET}-g++
PATH="$TOOLCHAIN_BIN":"$PATH"
STAGING_DIR="$CURDIR"
TOOLCHAIN_TARGET=$(echo $TOOLCHAIN_TARGET | sed -e 's/-$//')
echo "--- Build environment setup ---"
echo
echo "TOOLCHAIN_TARGET: $TOOLCHAIN_TARGET"
echo "TOOLCHAIN_BIN: $TOOLCHAIN_BIN"
echo
for TOOL in gcc \
addr2line \
ar \
as \
c++ \
cpp \
g++ \
gcc \
ld \
nm \
objdump \
ranlib \
strip
do
echo " Symlinking $TOOL"
ln -sf "${TOOLCHAIN_BIN}/${TOOLCHAIN_TARGET}-${TOOL}" "${TOOLCHAIN_BIN}/${TOOL}"
done
ln -sf "${TOOLCHAIN_BIN}/${TOOLCHAIN_TARGET}-gcc" "${TOOLCHAIN_BIN}/cc"
echo
export STAGING_DIR="$TOOLCHAIN_ROOT"
PATH="$TOOLCHAIN_BIN":"$PATH"
echo "TOOLCHAIN_TARGET: $TOOLCHAIN_TARGET"
echo "TOOLCHAIN_ROOT: $TOOLCHAIN_ROOT"
echo "STAGING_DIR: $TOOLCHAIN_ROOT"
echo "TOOLCHAIN_BIN: $TOOLCHAIN_BIN"
echo
echo "GCC location: $(which gcc)"
echo "GAS location: $(which as)"
echo "GLD location: $(which ld)"
echo "G++ location: $(which g++)"
echo "CC location: $(which cc)"
echo
echo "UTIL_STATIC: $UTIL_STATIC"
echo "C_STATIC: $C_STATIC"
echo "DL_STATIC: $DL_STATIC"
echo "PTHREAD_STATIC: $PTHREAD_STATIC"
echo "STDCXX_STATIC: $STDCXX_STATIC"
echo "GCCEH_STATIC: $GCCEH_STATIC"
alias cross_configure="./configure \
--host=$TOOLCHAIN_TARGET \
--prefix=$TOOLCHAIN_ROOT"
echo
echo "Use cross_configure to invoke alias for:"
echo " $./configure --host=$TOOLCHAIN_TARGET --prefix=$TOOLCHAIN_ROOT"
echo
unset TARGET_CROSS
export UTIL_STATIC
export C_STATIC
export DL_STATIC
export PTHREAD_STATIC
export STDCXX_STATIC
export GCCEH_STATIC
export TOOLCHAIN_TARGET
export TOOLCHAIN_ROOT
export TOOLCHAIN_BIN
export STAGING_DIR
export SYSTEM_ROOT="$TOOLCHAIN_ROOT"

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#!/bin/bash
#
# This software is released under the terms of GPLv2
# This software is released by copyright@mzpqnxow.com
# Please see LICENSE or LICENSE.md for more information on GPLv2
#
# -- Perform a static build of gdbserver (gdb-7.12)
#
# This was designed particular for toolchains built by
# the excellent musl-cross-make tool:
#
# https://github.com/richfelker/musl-cross-make
#
# It also works fine with the OpenWRT toolchains that are
# available prebuilt:
#
# https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/trunk
#
# The easiest way to make this work without modification is
# to use one of the toolchain activation scripts in this
# repository. Otherwise you will need to set up stuff yourself
# like the path to libstdc++.a, libgcc_eh.a and the --host
# parameter. Which hopefully you can figure out how to do
# if you're planning on debugging native code on another
# architecture :>
CURDIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
if [ "$(basename $CURDIR)" != gdbserver ]; then
echo "You should be in gdb-7.12/gdb/gdbserver when you run this !!"
echo "Exiting..."
exit 1
fi
make clean 2>/dev/null
make distclean 2>/dev/null
# Some toolchains include static libthread_db but MANY do not
# I don't have the need to even debug threaded apps so I disable it
# The configure flags do nothing to disable it in my experience...
sed -i -e 's/srv_linux_thread_db=yes//' configure.srv
./configure --host="$TOOLCHAIN_TARGET" --prefix="$SYSTEM_ROOT" CXXFLAGS="-fPIC -static"
make -j gdbserver GDBSERVER_LIBS="$STDCXX_STATIC $GCCEH_STATIC"
file gdbserver