Problem: inconsistent polymorphic inheritance

Solution: consistently use virtual, override and final

.clang-tidy

@@ -420,3 +420,7 @@ CheckOptions:
     # value:           '0'
   # - key:             readability-simplify-boolean-expr.ChainedConditionalReturn
     # value:           '0'
+   - key:             modernize-use-override.OverrideSpelling
+     value:           'ZMQ_OVERRIDE'
+   - key:             modernize-use-override.FinalSpelling
+     value:           'ZMQ_FINAL'

src/client.hpp

@@ -41,24 +41,24 @@ class msg_t;
 class pipe_t;
 class io_thread_t;
 
-class client_t : public socket_base_t
+class client_t ZMQ_FINAL : public socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     client_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~client_t ();
+    ~client_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_,
-                       bool locally_initiated_);
+                       bool locally_initiated_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Messages are fair-queued from inbound pipes. And load-balanced to

src/ctx.hpp

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class thread_ctx_t
 //  Context object encapsulates all the global state associated with
 //  the library.
 
-class ctx_t : public thread_ctx_t
+class ctx_t ZMQ_FINAL : public thread_ctx_t
 {
   public:
     //  Create the context object.

src/curve_client.hpp

@@ -41,18 +41,18 @@ namespace zmq
 class msg_t;
 class session_base_t;
 
-class curve_client_t : public curve_mechanism_base_t
+class curve_client_t ZMQ_FINAL : public curve_mechanism_base_t
 {
   public:
     curve_client_t (session_base_t *session_, const options_t &options_);
-    virtual ~curve_client_t ();
+    ~curve_client_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     // mechanism implementation
-    virtual int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int encode (msg_t *msg_);
+    int encode (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int decode (msg_t *msg_);
+    int decode (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual status_t status () const;
+    status_t status () const ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     enum state_t

src/curve_mechanism_base.hpp

@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ class curve_mechanism_base_t : public virtual mechanism_base_t
                             const char *decode_nonce_prefix_);
 
     // mechanism implementation
-    virtual int encode (msg_t *msg_);
+    int encode (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    virtual int decode (msg_t *msg_);
+    int decode (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
   protected:
     const char *encode_nonce_prefix;

src/curve_server.hpp

@@ -42,20 +42,20 @@ namespace zmq
 #pragma warning(push)
 #pragma warning(disable : 4250)
 #endif
-class curve_server_t : public zap_client_common_handshake_t,
+class curve_server_t ZMQ_FINAL : public zap_client_common_handshake_t,
-                       public curve_mechanism_base_t
+                                 public curve_mechanism_base_t
 {
   public:
     curve_server_t (session_base_t *session_,
                     const std::string &peer_address_,
                     const options_t &options_);
-    virtual ~curve_server_t ();
+    ~curve_server_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     // mechanism implementation
-    virtual int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int encode (msg_t *msg_);
+    int encode (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int decode (msg_t *msg_);
+    int decode (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Our secret key (s)

src/dealer.hpp

@@ -47,21 +47,23 @@ class dealer_t : public socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     dealer_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~dealer_t ();
+    ~dealer_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
   protected:
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_,
-                       bool locally_initiated_);
+                       bool locally_initiated_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_);
+    int xsetsockopt (int option_,
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+                     const void *optval_,
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+                     size_t optvallen_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
+    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  Send and recv - knowing which pipe was used.
     int sendpipe (zmq::msg_t *msg_, zmq::pipe_t **pipe_);

src/decoder.hpp

@@ -66,12 +66,10 @@ class decoder_base_t : public i_decoder
         _buf = _allocator.allocate ();
     }
 
-    //  The destructor doesn't have to be virtual. It is made virtual
+    ~decoder_base_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE { _allocator.deallocate (); }
-    //  just to keep ICC and code checking tools from complaining.
-    virtual ~decoder_base_t () { _allocator.deallocate (); }
 
     //  Returns a buffer to be filled with binary data.
-    void get_buffer (unsigned char **data_, std::size_t *size_)
+    void get_buffer (unsigned char **data_, std::size_t *size_) ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         _buf = _allocator.allocate ();
 
@@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ class decoder_base_t : public i_decoder
     //  Number of bytes processed is returned in bytes_used_.
     int decode (const unsigned char *data_,
                 std::size_t size_,
-                std::size_t &bytes_used_)
+                std::size_t &bytes_used_) ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         bytes_used_ = 0;
 
@@ -149,7 +147,7 @@ class decoder_base_t : public i_decoder
         return 0;
     }
 
-    virtual void resize_buffer (std::size_t new_size_)
+    void resize_buffer (std::size_t new_size_) ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         _allocator.resize (new_size_);
     }

src/devpoll.hpp

@@ -47,13 +47,13 @@ struct i_poll_events;
 
 //  Implements socket polling mechanism using the "/dev/poll" interface.
 
-class devpoll_t : public worker_poller_base_t
+class devpoll_t ZMQ_FINAL : public worker_poller_base_t
 {
   public:
     typedef fd_t handle_t;
 
     devpoll_t (const thread_ctx_t &ctx_);
-    ~devpoll_t ();
+    ~devpoll_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  "poller" concept.
     handle_t add_fd (fd_t fd_, zmq::i_poll_events *events_);
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class devpoll_t : public worker_poller_base_t
 
   private:
     //  Main event loop.
-    void loop ();
+    void loop () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  File descriptor referring to "/dev/poll" pseudo-device.
     fd_t devpoll_fd;

src/dgram.hpp

@@ -41,23 +41,23 @@ class msg_t;
 class pipe_t;
 class io_thread_t;
 
-class dgram_t : public socket_base_t
+class dgram_t ZMQ_FINAL : public socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     dgram_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~dgram_t ();
+    ~dgram_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_,
-                       bool locally_initiated_);
+                       bool locally_initiated_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     zmq::pipe_t *_pipe;

src/dish.hpp

@@ -44,27 +44,27 @@ class ctx_t;
 class pipe_t;
 class io_thread_t;
 
-class dish_t : public socket_base_t
+class dish_t ZMQ_FINAL : public socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     dish_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~dish_t ();
+    ~dish_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_,
-                       bool locally_initiated_);
+                       bool locally_initiated_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xhiccuped (pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xhiccuped (pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xjoin (const char *group_);
+    int xjoin (const char *group_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xleave (const char *group_);
+    int xleave (const char *group_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     int xxrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class dish_t : public socket_base_t
     ZMQ_NON_COPYABLE_NOR_MOVABLE (dish_t)
 };
 
-class dish_session_t : public session_base_t
+class dish_session_t ZMQ_FINAL : public session_base_t
 {
   public:
     dish_session_t (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_,
@@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ class dish_session_t : public session_base_t
                     zmq::socket_base_t *socket_,
                     const options_t &options_,
                     address_t *addr_);
-    ~dish_session_t ();
+    ~dish_session_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Overrides of the functions from session_base_t.
-    int push_msg (msg_t *msg_);
+    int push_msg (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int pull_msg (msg_t *msg_);
+    int pull_msg (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void reset ();
+    void reset () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     enum

src/encoder.hpp

@@ -66,14 +66,12 @@ template <typename T> class encoder_base_t : public i_encoder
         alloc_assert (_buf);
     }
 
-    //  The destructor doesn't have to be virtual. It is made virtual
+    inline ~encoder_base_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE { free (_buf); }
-    //  just to keep ICC and code checking tools from complaining.
-    inline virtual ~encoder_base_t () { free (_buf); }
 
     //  The function returns a batch of binary data. The data
     //  are filled to a supplied buffer. If no buffer is supplied (data_
     //  points to NULL) decoder object will provide buffer of its own.
-    inline size_t encode (unsigned char **data_, size_t size_)
+    inline size_t encode (unsigned char **data_, size_t size_) ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         unsigned char *buffer = !*data_ ? _buf : *data_;
         size_t buffersize = !*data_ ? _buf_size : size_;
@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@ template <typename T> class encoder_base_t : public i_encoder
         return pos;
     }
 
-    void load_msg (msg_t *msg_)
+    void load_msg (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         zmq_assert (in_progress () == NULL);
         _in_progress = msg_;

src/epoll.hpp

@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ struct i_poll_events;
 //  This class implements socket polling mechanism using the Linux-specific
 //  epoll mechanism.
 
-class epoll_t : public worker_poller_base_t
+class epoll_t ZMQ_FINAL : public worker_poller_base_t
 {
   public:
     typedef void *handle_t;
 
     epoll_t (const thread_ctx_t &ctx_);
-    ~epoll_t ();
+    ~epoll_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  "poller" concept.
     handle_t add_fd (fd_t fd_, zmq::i_poll_events *events_);
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class epoll_t : public worker_poller_base_t
 #endif
 
     //  Main event loop.
-    void loop ();
+    void loop () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Main epoll file descriptor
     epoll_fd_t _epoll_fd;

src/gather.hpp

@@ -39,21 +39,21 @@ class ctx_t;
 class pipe_t;
 class msg_t;
 
-class gather_t : public socket_base_t
+class gather_t ZMQ_FINAL : public socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     gather_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~gather_t ();
+    ~gather_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_,
-                       bool locally_initiated_);
+                       bool locally_initiated_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Fair queueing object for inbound pipes.

src/gssapi_client.hpp

@@ -39,18 +39,18 @@ namespace zmq
 class msg_t;
 class session_base_t;
 
-class gssapi_client_t : public gssapi_mechanism_base_t
+class gssapi_client_t ZMQ_FINAL : public gssapi_mechanism_base_t
 {
   public:
     gssapi_client_t (session_base_t *session_, const options_t &options_);
-    virtual ~gssapi_client_t ();
+    ~gssapi_client_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     // mechanism implementation
-    virtual int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int encode (msg_t *msg_);
+    int encode (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int decode (msg_t *msg_);
+    int decode (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual status_t status () const;
+    status_t status () const ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     enum state_t

src/gssapi_mechanism_base.hpp

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class gssapi_mechanism_base_t : public virtual mechanism_base_t
   public:
     gssapi_mechanism_base_t (session_base_t *session_,
                              const options_t &options_);
-    virtual ~gssapi_mechanism_base_t () = 0;
+    ~gssapi_mechanism_base_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE = 0;
 
   protected:
     //  Produce a context-level GSSAPI token (INITIATE command)

src/gssapi_server.hpp

@@ -40,21 +40,22 @@ namespace zmq
 class msg_t;
 class session_base_t;
 
-class gssapi_server_t : public gssapi_mechanism_base_t, public zap_client_t
+class gssapi_server_t ZMQ_FINAL : public gssapi_mechanism_base_t,
+                                  public zap_client_t
 {
   public:
     gssapi_server_t (session_base_t *session_,
                      const std::string &peer_address,
                      const options_t &options_);
-    virtual ~gssapi_server_t ();
+    ~gssapi_server_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     // mechanism implementation
-    virtual int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int encode (msg_t *msg_);
+    int encode (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int decode (msg_t *msg_);
+    int decode (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int zap_msg_available ();
+    int zap_msg_available () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual status_t status () const;
+    status_t status () const ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     enum state_t

src/io_object.hpp

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class io_object_t : public i_poll_events
 {
   public:
     io_object_t (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_ = NULL);
-    ~io_object_t ();
+    ~io_object_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  When migrating an object from one I/O thread to another, first
     //  unplug it, then migrate it, then plug it to the new thread.
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ class io_object_t : public i_poll_events
     void cancel_timer (int id_);
 
     //  i_poll_events interface implementation.
-    void in_event ();
+    void in_event () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void out_event ();
+    void out_event () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void timer_event (int id_);
+    void timer_event (int id_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
   private:
     poller_t *_poller;

src/io_thread.hpp

@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ class ctx_t;
 //  Generic part of the I/O thread. Polling-mechanism-specific features
 //  are implemented in separate "polling objects".
 
-class io_thread_t : public object_t, public i_poll_events
+class io_thread_t ZMQ_FINAL : public object_t, public i_poll_events
 {
   public:
     io_thread_t (zmq::ctx_t *ctx_, uint32_t tid_);
 
     //  Clean-up. If the thread was started, it's necessary to call 'stop'
     //  before invoking destructor. Otherwise the destructor would hang up.
-    ~io_thread_t ();
+    ~io_thread_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Launch the physical thread.
     void start ();
@@ -62,15 +62,15 @@ class io_thread_t : public object_t, public i_poll_events
     mailbox_t *get_mailbox ();
 
     //  i_poll_events implementation.
-    void in_event ();
+    void in_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void out_event ();
+    void out_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void timer_event (int id_);
+    void timer_event (int id_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Used by io_objects to retrieve the associated poller object.
     poller_t *get_poller ();
 
     //  Command handlers.
-    void process_stop ();
+    void process_stop () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Returns load experienced by the I/O thread.
     int get_load ();

src/ipc_connecter.hpp

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 
 namespace zmq
 {
-class ipc_connecter_t : public stream_connecter_base_t
+class ipc_connecter_t ZMQ_FINAL : public stream_connecter_base_t
 {
   public:
     //  If 'delayed_start' is true connecter first waits for a while,
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ class ipc_connecter_t : public stream_connecter_base_t
 
   private:
     //  Handlers for I/O events.
-    void out_event ();
+    void out_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Internal function to start the actual connection establishment.
-    void start_connecting ();
+    void start_connecting () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Open IPC connecting socket. Returns -1 in case of error,
     //  0 if connect was successful immediately. Returns -1 with

src/ipc_listener.hpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 
 namespace zmq
 {
-class ipc_listener_t : public stream_listener_base_t
+class ipc_listener_t ZMQ_FINAL : public stream_listener_base_t
 {
   public:
     ipc_listener_t (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_,
@@ -50,11 +50,12 @@ class ipc_listener_t : public stream_listener_base_t
     int set_local_address (const char *addr_);
 
   protected:
-    std::string get_socket_name (fd_t fd_, socket_end_t socket_end_) const;
+    std::string get_socket_name (fd_t fd_,
+                                 socket_end_t socket_end_) const ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Handlers for I/O events.
-    void in_event ();
+    void in_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Filter new connections if the OS provides a mechanism to get
     //  the credentials of the peer process.  Called from accept().
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ class ipc_listener_t : public stream_listener_base_t
     bool filter (fd_t sock_);
 #endif
 
-    int close ();
+    int close () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Accept the new connection. Returns the file descriptor of the
     //  newly created connection. The function may return retired_fd

src/kqueue.hpp

@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ struct i_poll_events;
 //  Implements socket polling mechanism using the BSD-specific
 //  kqueue interface.
 
-class kqueue_t : public worker_poller_base_t
+class kqueue_t ZMQ_FINAL : public worker_poller_base_t
 {
   public:
     typedef void *handle_t;
 
     kqueue_t (const thread_ctx_t &ctx_);
-    ~kqueue_t ();
+    ~kqueue_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  "poller" concept.
     handle_t add_fd (fd_t fd_, zmq::i_poll_events *events_);
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class kqueue_t : public worker_poller_base_t
 
   private:
     //  Main event loop.
-    void loop ();
+    void loop () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  File descriptor referring to the kernel event queue.
     fd_t kqueue_fd;

src/macros.hpp

@@ -20,6 +20,22 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
+#if !defined ZMQ_OVERRIDE
+#if defined ZMQ_HAVE_NOEXCEPT
+#define ZMQ_OVERRIDE override
+#else
+#define ZMQ_OVERRIDE
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined ZMQ_FINAL
+#if defined ZMQ_HAVE_NOEXCEPT
+#define ZMQ_FINAL final
+#else
+#define ZMQ_FINAL
+#endif
+#endif
+
 #if !defined ZMQ_DEFAULT
 #if defined ZMQ_HAVE_NOEXCEPT
 #define ZMQ_DEFAULT = default;

src/mailbox.hpp

@@ -42,15 +42,15 @@
 
 namespace zmq
 {
-class mailbox_t : public i_mailbox
+class mailbox_t ZMQ_FINAL : public i_mailbox
 {
   public:
     mailbox_t ();
-    ~mailbox_t ();
+    ~mailbox_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     fd_t get_fd () const;
-    void send (const command_t &cmd_);
+    void send (const command_t &cmd_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int recv (command_t *cmd_, int timeout_);
+    int recv (command_t *cmd_, int timeout_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     bool valid () const;
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class mailbox_t : public i_mailbox
     // close the file descriptors in the signaller. This is used in a forked
     // child process to close the file descriptors so that they do not interfere
     // with the context in the parent process.
-    void forked () { _signaler.forked (); }
+    void forked () ZMQ_FINAL { _signaler.forked (); }
 #endif
 
   private:

src/mailbox_safe.hpp

@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@
 
 namespace zmq
 {
-class mailbox_safe_t : public i_mailbox
+class mailbox_safe_t ZMQ_FINAL : public i_mailbox
 {
   public:
     mailbox_safe_t (mutex_t *sync_);
-    ~mailbox_safe_t ();
+    ~mailbox_safe_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
-    void send (const command_t &cmd_);
+    void send (const command_t &cmd_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int recv (command_t *cmd_, int timeout_);
+    int recv (command_t *cmd_, int timeout_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     // Add signaler to mailbox which will be called when a message is ready
     void add_signaler (signaler_t *signaler_);
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class mailbox_safe_t : public i_mailbox
     // close the file descriptors in the signaller. This is used in a forked
     // child process to close the file descriptors so that they do not interfere
     // with the context in the parent process.
-    void forked ()
+    void forked () ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         // TODO: call fork on the condition variable
     }

src/norm_engine.hpp

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ class io_thread_t;
 class msg_t;
 class session_base_t;
 
-class norm_engine_t : public io_object_t, public i_engine
+class norm_engine_t ZMQ_FINAL : public io_object_t, public i_engine
 {
   public:
     norm_engine_t (zmq::io_thread_t *parent_, const options_t &options_);
-    ~norm_engine_t ();
+    ~norm_engine_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     // create NORM instance, session, etc
     int init (const char *network_, bool send, bool recv);
@@ -30,24 +30,24 @@ class norm_engine_t : public io_object_t, public i_engine
 
     //  i_engine interface implementation.
     //  Plug the engine to the session.
-    virtual void plug (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_,
+    void plug (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_,
-                       class session_base_t *session_);
+               class session_base_t *session_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Terminate and deallocate the engine. Note that 'detached'
     //  events are not fired on termination.
-    virtual void terminate ();
+    void terminate () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  This method is called by the session to signalise that more
     //  messages can be written to the pipe.
-    virtual bool restart_input ();
+    bool restart_input () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  This method is called by the session to signalise that there
     //  are messages to send available.
-    virtual void restart_output ();
+    void restart_output () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
-    virtual void zap_msg_available (){};
+    void zap_msg_available () ZMQ_FINAL {}
 
-    virtual const endpoint_uri_pair_t &get_endpoint () const;
+    const endpoint_uri_pair_t &get_endpoint () const ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     // i_poll_events interface implementation.
     // (we only need in_event() for NormEvent notification)

src/null_mechanism.hpp

@@ -39,19 +39,19 @@ namespace zmq
 class msg_t;
 class session_base_t;
 
-class null_mechanism_t : public zap_client_t
+class null_mechanism_t ZMQ_FINAL : public zap_client_t
 {
   public:
     null_mechanism_t (session_base_t *session_,
                       const std::string &peer_address_,
                       const options_t &options_);
-    virtual ~null_mechanism_t ();
+    ~null_mechanism_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     // mechanism implementation
-    virtual int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int zap_msg_available ();
+    int zap_msg_available () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual status_t status () const;
+    status_t status () const ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     bool _ready_command_sent;

src/own.hpp

@@ -90,12 +90,12 @@ class own_t : public object_t
     //  others to invoke the destructor. At the same time, it has to be
     //  virtual so that generic own_t deallocation mechanism destroys
     //  specific type of the owned object correctly.
-    virtual ~own_t ();
+    ~own_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  Term handler is protected rather than private so that it can
     //  be intercepted by the derived class. This is useful to add custom
     //  steps to the beginning of the termination process.
-    void process_term (int linger_);
+    void process_term (int linger_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  A place to hook in when physical destruction of the object
     //  is to be delayed.
@@ -109,10 +109,10 @@ class own_t : public object_t
     void set_owner (own_t *owner_);
 
     //  Handlers for incoming commands.
-    void process_own (own_t *object_);
+    void process_own (own_t *object_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void process_term_req (own_t *object_);
+    void process_term_req (own_t *object_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void process_term_ack ();
+    void process_term_ack () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void process_seqnum ();
+    void process_seqnum () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  Check whether all the pending term acks were delivered.
     //  If so, deallocate this object.

src/pair.hpp

@@ -41,23 +41,23 @@ class msg_t;
 class pipe_t;
 class io_thread_t;
 
-class pair_t : public socket_base_t
+class pair_t ZMQ_FINAL : public socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     pair_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~pair_t ();
+    ~pair_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_,
-                       bool locally_initiated_);
+                       bool locally_initiated_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     zmq::pipe_t *_pipe;

src/pgm_receiver.hpp

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace zmq
 class io_thread_t;
 class session_base_t;
 
-class pgm_receiver_t : public io_object_t, public i_engine
+class pgm_receiver_t ZMQ_FINAL : public io_object_t, public i_engine
 {
   public:
     pgm_receiver_t (zmq::io_thread_t *parent_, const options_t &options_);

src/pgm_sender.hpp

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ namespace zmq
 class io_thread_t;
 class session_base_t;
 
-class pgm_sender_t : public io_object_t, public i_engine
+class pgm_sender_t ZMQ_FINAL : public io_object_t, public i_engine
 {
   public:
     pgm_sender_t (zmq::io_thread_t *parent_, const options_t &options_);

src/pipe.hpp

@@ -71,10 +71,10 @@ struct i_pipe_events
 //  The array of inbound pipes (1), the array of outbound pipes (2) and
 //  the generic array of pipes to be deallocated (3).
 
-class pipe_t : public object_t,
+class pipe_t ZMQ_FINAL : public object_t,
-               public array_item_t<1>,
+                         public array_item_t<1>,
-               public array_item_t<2>,
+                         public array_item_t<2>,
-               public array_item_t<3>
+                         public array_item_t<3>
 {
     //  This allows pipepair to create pipe objects.
     friend int pipepair (zmq::object_t *parents_[2],
@@ -152,15 +152,16 @@ class pipe_t : public object_t,
     typedef ypipe_base_t<msg_t> upipe_t;
 
     //  Command handlers.
-    void process_activate_read ();
+    void process_activate_read () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void process_activate_write (uint64_t msgs_read_);
+    void process_activate_write (uint64_t msgs_read_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void process_hiccup (void *pipe_);
+    void process_hiccup (void *pipe_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void process_pipe_peer_stats (uint64_t queue_count_,
+    void
-                                  own_t *socket_base_,
+    process_pipe_peer_stats (uint64_t queue_count_,
-                                  endpoint_uri_pair_t *endpoint_pair_);
+                             own_t *socket_base_,
-    void process_pipe_term ();
+                             endpoint_uri_pair_t *endpoint_pair_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void process_pipe_term_ack ();
+    void process_pipe_term () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void process_pipe_hwm (int inhwm_, int outhwm_);
+    void process_pipe_term_ack () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
+    void process_pipe_hwm (int inhwm_, int outhwm_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  Handler for delimiter read from the pipe.
     void process_delimiter ();
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ class pipe_t : public object_t,
     void set_peer (pipe_t *peer_);
 
     //  Destructor is private. Pipe objects destroy themselves.
-    ~pipe_t ();
+    ~pipe_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  Underlying pipes for both directions.
     upipe_t *_in_pipe;

src/plain_client.hpp

@@ -37,16 +37,16 @@ namespace zmq
 {
 class msg_t;
 
-class plain_client_t : public mechanism_base_t
+class plain_client_t ZMQ_FINAL : public mechanism_base_t
 {
   public:
     plain_client_t (session_base_t *const session_, const options_t &options_);
-    virtual ~plain_client_t ();
+    ~plain_client_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     // mechanism implementation
-    virtual int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual status_t status () const;
+    status_t status () const ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     enum state_t

src/plain_server.hpp

@@ -38,17 +38,17 @@ namespace zmq
 class msg_t;
 class session_base_t;
 
-class plain_server_t : public zap_client_common_handshake_t
+class plain_server_t ZMQ_FINAL : public zap_client_common_handshake_t
 {
   public:
     plain_server_t (session_base_t *session_,
                     const std::string &peer_address_,
                     const options_t &options_);
-    virtual ~plain_server_t ();
+    ~plain_server_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     // mechanism implementation
-    virtual int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int next_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_);
+    int process_handshake_command (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     void produce_welcome (msg_t *msg_) const;

src/poll.hpp

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ struct i_poll_events;
 //  Implements socket polling mechanism using the POSIX.1-2001
 //  poll() system call.
 
-class poll_t : public worker_poller_base_t
+class poll_t ZMQ_FINAL : public worker_poller_base_t
 {
   public:
     typedef fd_t handle_t;
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class poll_t : public worker_poller_base_t
 
   private:
     //  Main event loop.
-    virtual void loop ();
+    void loop () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     void cleanup_retired ();
 

src/poller_base.cpp

@@ -32,10 +32,6 @@
 #include "i_poll_events.hpp"
 #include "err.hpp"
 
-zmq::poller_base_t::poller_base_t ()
-{
-}
-
 zmq::poller_base_t::~poller_base_t ()
 {
     //  Make sure there is no more load on the shutdown.

src/poller_base.hpp

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ struct i_poll_events;
 // a container that is being iterated by the poller.
 
 
-// A class that can be used as a base class for implementations of the poller
+// A class that can be used as abase class for implementations of the poller
 // concept.
 //
 // For documentation of the public methods, see the description of the poller_t
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ struct i_poll_events;
 class poller_base_t
 {
   public:
-    poller_base_t ();
+    poller_base_t () ZMQ_DEFAULT;
     virtual ~poller_base_t ();
 
     // Methods from the poller concept.

src/pollset.hpp

@@ -50,13 +50,13 @@ struct i_poll_events;
 //  This class implements socket polling mechanism using the AIX-specific
 //  pollset mechanism.
 
-class pollset_t : public poller_base_t
+class pollset_t ZMQ_FINAL : public poller_base_t
 {
   public:
     typedef void *handle_t;
 
     pollset_t (const thread_ctx_t &ctx_);
-    ~pollset_t ();
+    ~pollset_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  "poller" concept.
     handle_t add_fd (fd_t fd_, zmq::i_poll_events *events_);
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class pollset_t : public poller_base_t
     static void worker_routine (void *arg_);
 
     //  Main event loop.
-    void loop ();
+    void loop () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     // Reference to ZMQ context.
     const thread_ctx_t &ctx;

src/pub.hpp

@@ -39,18 +39,18 @@ class io_thread_t;
 class socket_base_t;
 class msg_t;
 
-class pub_t : public xpub_t
+class pub_t ZMQ_FINAL : public xpub_t
 {
   public:
     pub_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~pub_t ();
+    ~pub_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Implementations of virtual functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_ = false,
-                       bool locally_initiated_ = false);
+                       bool locally_initiated_ = false) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     ZMQ_NON_COPYABLE_NOR_MOVABLE (pub_t)
 };

src/pull.hpp

@@ -41,21 +41,21 @@ class pipe_t;
 class msg_t;
 class io_thread_t;
 
-class pull_t : public socket_base_t
+class pull_t ZMQ_FINAL : public socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     pull_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~pull_t ();
+    ~pull_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_,
-                       bool locally_initiated_);
+                       bool locally_initiated_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Fair queueing object for inbound pipes.

src/push.hpp

@@ -41,21 +41,21 @@ class pipe_t;
 class msg_t;
 class io_thread_t;
 
-class push_t : public socket_base_t
+class push_t ZMQ_FINAL : public socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     push_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~push_t ();
+    ~push_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_,
-                       bool locally_initiated_);
+                       bool locally_initiated_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Load balancer managing the outbound pipes.

src/radio.hpp

@@ -45,24 +45,25 @@ class ctx_t;
 class pipe_t;
 class io_thread_t;
 
-class radio_t : public socket_base_t
+class radio_t ZMQ_FINAL : public socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     radio_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~radio_t ();
+    ~radio_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Implementations of virtual functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_ = false,
-                       bool locally_initiated_ = false);
+                       bool locally_initiated_ = false) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_);
+    int
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_) ZMQ_FINAL;
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  List of all subscriptions mapped to corresponding pipes.
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ class radio_t : public socket_base_t
     ZMQ_NON_COPYABLE_NOR_MOVABLE (radio_t)
 };
 
-class radio_session_t : public session_base_t
+class radio_session_t ZMQ_FINAL : public session_base_t
 {
   public:
     radio_session_t (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_,
@@ -90,12 +91,12 @@ class radio_session_t : public session_base_t
                      zmq::socket_base_t *socket_,
                      const options_t &options_,
                      address_t *addr_);
-    ~radio_session_t ();
+    ~radio_session_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Overrides of the functions from session_base_t.
-    int push_msg (msg_t *msg_);
+    int push_msg (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int pull_msg (msg_t *msg_);
+    int pull_msg (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void reset ();
+    void reset () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     enum

src/raw_decoder.hpp

@@ -39,22 +39,23 @@ namespace zmq
 {
 //  Decoder for 0MQ v1 framing protocol. Converts data stream into messages.
 
-class raw_decoder_t : public i_decoder
+class raw_decoder_t ZMQ_FINAL : public i_decoder
 {
   public:
     raw_decoder_t (size_t bufsize_);
-    virtual ~raw_decoder_t ();
+    ~raw_decoder_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  i_decoder interface.
 
-    virtual void get_buffer (unsigned char **data_, size_t *size_);
+    void get_buffer (unsigned char **data_, size_t *size_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
-    virtual int
+    int decode (const unsigned char *data_,
-    decode (const unsigned char *data_, size_t size_, size_t &bytes_used_);
+                size_t size_,
+                size_t &bytes_used_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
-    virtual msg_t *msg () { return &_in_progress; }
+    msg_t *msg () ZMQ_FINAL { return &_in_progress; }
 
-    virtual void resize_buffer (size_t) {}
+    void resize_buffer (size_t) ZMQ_FINAL {}
 
   private:
     msg_t _in_progress;

src/raw_encoder.hpp

@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ namespace zmq
 {
 //  Encoder for 0MQ framing protocol. Converts messages into data batches.
 
-class raw_encoder_t : public encoder_base_t<raw_encoder_t>
+class raw_encoder_t ZMQ_FINAL : public encoder_base_t<raw_encoder_t>
 {
   public:
     raw_encoder_t (size_t bufsize_);
-    ~raw_encoder_t ();
+    ~raw_encoder_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     void raw_message_ready ();

src/raw_engine.hpp

@@ -54,18 +54,18 @@ class mechanism_t;
 //  This engine handles any socket with SOCK_STREAM semantics,
 //  e.g. TCP socket or an UNIX domain socket.
 
-class raw_engine_t : public stream_engine_base_t
+class raw_engine_t ZMQ_FINAL : public stream_engine_base_t
 {
   public:
     raw_engine_t (fd_t fd_,
                   const options_t &options_,
                   const endpoint_uri_pair_t &endpoint_uri_pair_);
-    ~raw_engine_t ();
+    ~raw_engine_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
-    void error (error_reason_t reason_);
+    void error (error_reason_t reason_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void plug_internal ();
+    void plug_internal () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool handshake ();
+    bool handshake () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     int push_raw_msg_to_session (msg_t *msg_);

src/reaper.hpp

@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ namespace zmq
 class ctx_t;
 class socket_base_t;
 
-class reaper_t : public object_t, public i_poll_events
+class reaper_t ZMQ_FINAL : public object_t, public i_poll_events
 {
   public:
     reaper_t (zmq::ctx_t *ctx_, uint32_t tid_);
-    ~reaper_t ();
+    ~reaper_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     mailbox_t *get_mailbox ();
 
@@ -52,15 +52,15 @@ class reaper_t : public object_t, public i_poll_events
     void stop ();
 
     //  i_poll_events implementation.
-    void in_event ();
+    void in_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void out_event ();
+    void out_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void timer_event (int id_);
+    void timer_event (int id_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Command handlers.
-    void process_stop ();
+    void process_stop () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void process_reap (zmq::socket_base_t *socket_);
+    void process_reap (zmq::socket_base_t *socket_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void process_reaped ();
+    void process_reaped () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Reaper thread accesses incoming commands via this mailbox.
     mailbox_t _mailbox;

src/rep.hpp

@@ -39,17 +39,17 @@ class msg_t;
 class io_thread_t;
 class socket_base_t;
 
-class rep_t : public router_t
+class rep_t ZMQ_FINAL : public router_t
 {
   public:
     rep_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~rep_t ();
+    ~rep_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  If true, we are in process of sending the reply. If false we are

src/req.hpp

@@ -40,19 +40,20 @@ class msg_t;
 class io_thread_t;
 class socket_base_t;
 
-class req_t : public dealer_t
+class req_t ZMQ_FINAL : public dealer_t
 {
   public:
     req_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~req_t ();
+    ~req_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_);
+    int
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_) ZMQ_FINAL;
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
     //  Receive only from the pipe the request was sent to, discarding
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ class req_t : public dealer_t
     ZMQ_NON_COPYABLE_NOR_MOVABLE (req_t)
 };
 
-class req_session_t : public session_base_t
+class req_session_t ZMQ_FINAL : public session_base_t
 {
   public:
     req_session_t (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_,
@@ -94,11 +95,11 @@ class req_session_t : public session_base_t
                    zmq::socket_base_t *socket_,
                    const options_t &options_,
                    address_t *addr_);
-    ~req_session_t ();
+    ~req_session_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Overrides of the functions from session_base_t.
-    int push_msg (msg_t *msg_);
+    int push_msg (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void reset ();
+    void reset () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     enum

src/router.hpp

@@ -49,20 +49,22 @@ class router_t : public routing_socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     router_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~router_t ();
+    ~router_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_,
-                       bool locally_initiated_);
+                       bool locally_initiated_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_);
+    int
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int get_peer_state (const void *routing_id_, size_t routing_id_size_) const;
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
+    int get_peer_state (const void *routing_id_,
+                        size_t routing_id_size_) const ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
     //  Rollback any message parts that were sent but not yet flushed.

src/scatter.hpp

@@ -41,21 +41,21 @@ class pipe_t;
 class msg_t;
 class io_thread_t;
 
-class scatter_t : public socket_base_t
+class scatter_t ZMQ_FINAL : public socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     scatter_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~scatter_t ();
+    ~scatter_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_,
-                       bool locally_initiated_);
+                       bool locally_initiated_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Load balancer managing the outbound pipes.

src/select.hpp

@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ struct i_poll_events;
 //  Implements socket polling mechanism using POSIX.1-2001 select()
 //  function.
 
-class select_t : public worker_poller_base_t
+class select_t ZMQ_FINAL : public worker_poller_base_t
 {
   public:
     typedef fd_t handle_t;
 
     select_t (const thread_ctx_t &ctx_);
-    ~select_t ();
+    ~select_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  "poller" concept.
     handle_t add_fd (fd_t fd_, zmq::i_poll_events *events_);
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class select_t : public worker_poller_base_t
 
   private:
     //  Main event loop.
-    void loop ();
+    void loop () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Internal state.
     struct fds_set_t

src/server.hpp

@@ -45,23 +45,23 @@ class msg_t;
 class pipe_t;
 
 //  TODO: This class uses O(n) scheduling. Rewrite it to use O(1) algorithm.
-class server_t : public socket_base_t
+class server_t ZMQ_FINAL : public socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     server_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~server_t ();
+    ~server_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_,
-                       bool locally_initiated_);
+                       bool locally_initiated_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Fair queueing object for inbound pipes.

src/session_base.hpp

@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ class session_base_t : public own_t, public io_object_t, public i_pipe_events
     void engine_error (zmq::i_engine::error_reason_t reason_);
 
     //  i_pipe_events interface implementation.
-    void read_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void read_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void write_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void write_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void hiccuped (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void hiccuped (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void pipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void pipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Delivers a message. Returns 0 if successful; -1 otherwise.
     //  The function takes ownership of the message.
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class session_base_t : public own_t, public io_object_t, public i_pipe_events
                     zmq::socket_base_t *socket_,
                     const options_t &options_,
                     address_t *addr_);
-    virtual ~session_base_t ();
+    ~session_base_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
   private:
     void start_connecting (bool wait_);
@@ -138,12 +138,12 @@ class session_base_t : public own_t, public io_object_t, public i_pipe_events
     void reconnect ();
 
     //  Handlers for incoming commands.
-    void process_plug ();
+    void process_plug () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void process_attach (zmq::i_engine *engine_);
+    void process_attach (zmq::i_engine *engine_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void process_term (int linger_);
+    void process_term (int linger_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  i_poll_events handlers.
-    void timer_event (int id_);
+    void timer_event (int id_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Remove any half processed messages. Flush unflushed messages.
     //  Call this function when engine disconnect to get rid of leftovers.

src/socket_base.hpp

@@ -107,15 +107,15 @@ class socket_base_t : public own_t,
 
     //  i_poll_events implementation. This interface is used when socket
     //  is handled by the poller in the reaper thread.
-    void in_event ();
+    void in_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void out_event ();
+    void out_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void timer_event (int id_);
+    void timer_event (int id_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  i_pipe_events interface implementation.
-    void read_activated (pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void read_activated (pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void write_activated (pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void write_activated (pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void hiccuped (pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void hiccuped (pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void pipe_terminated (pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void pipe_terminated (pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
     void lock ();
     void unlock ();
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class socket_base_t : public own_t,
                    uint32_t tid_,
                    int sid_,
                    bool thread_safe_ = false);
-    virtual ~socket_base_t ();
+    ~socket_base_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  Concrete algorithms for the x- methods are to be defined by
     //  individual socket types.
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class socket_base_t : public own_t,
                                bool locally_initiated_ = false) = 0;
 
     //  The default implementation assumes there are no specific socket
-    //  options for the particular socket type. If not so, override this
+    //  options for the particular socket type. If not so, ZMQ_FINAL this
     //  method.
     virtual int
     xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_);
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class socket_base_t : public own_t,
     virtual int xleave (const char *group_);
 
     //  Delay actual destruction of the socket.
-    void process_destroy ();
+    void process_destroy () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     // test if event should be sent and then dispatch it
@@ -284,13 +284,14 @@ class socket_base_t : public own_t,
     int process_commands (int timeout_, bool throttle_);
 
     //  Handlers for incoming commands.
-    void process_stop ();
+    void process_stop () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void process_bind (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void process_bind (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void process_pipe_stats_publish (uint64_t outbound_queue_count_,
+    void
-                                     uint64_t inbound_queue_count_,
+    process_pipe_stats_publish (uint64_t outbound_queue_count_,
-                                     endpoint_uri_pair_t *endpoint_pair_);
+                                uint64_t inbound_queue_count_,
-    void process_term (int linger_);
+                                endpoint_uri_pair_t *endpoint_pair_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void process_term_endpoint (std::string *endpoint_);
+    void process_term (int linger_) ZMQ_FINAL;
+    void process_term_endpoint (std::string *endpoint_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     void update_pipe_options (int option_);
 
@@ -348,12 +349,13 @@ class routing_socket_base_t : public socket_base_t
 {
   protected:
     routing_socket_base_t (class ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~routing_socket_base_t ();
+    ~routing_socket_base_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     // methods from socket_base_t
-    virtual int
+    int xsetsockopt (int option_,
-    xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_);
+                     const void *optval_,
-    virtual void xwrite_activated (pipe_t *pipe_);
+                     size_t optvallen_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
+    void xwrite_activated (pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     // own methods
     std::string extract_connect_routing_id ();

src/socks_connecter.hpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class io_thread_t;
 class session_base_t;
 struct address_t;
 
-class socks_connecter_t : public stream_connecter_base_t
+class socks_connecter_t ZMQ_FINAL : public stream_connecter_base_t
 {
   public:
     //  If 'delayed_start' is true connecter first waits for a while,
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class socks_connecter_t : public stream_connecter_base_t
                        address_t *addr_,
                        address_t *proxy_addr_,
                        bool delayed_start_);
-    ~socks_connecter_t ();
+    ~socks_connecter_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     void set_auth_method_basic (const std::string &username,
                                 const std::string &password);
@@ -82,11 +82,11 @@ class socks_connecter_t : public stream_connecter_base_t
     };
 
     //  Handlers for I/O events.
-    virtual void in_event ();
+    void in_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    virtual void out_event ();
+    void out_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Internal function to start the actual connection establishment.
-    void start_connecting ();
+    void start_connecting () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     int process_server_response (const socks_choice_t &response_);
     int process_server_response (const socks_response_t &response_);

src/stream.hpp

@@ -39,23 +39,24 @@ namespace zmq
 class ctx_t;
 class pipe_t;
 
-class stream_t : public routing_socket_base_t
+class stream_t ZMQ_FINAL : public routing_socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     stream_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~stream_t ();
+    ~stream_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_,
-                       bool locally_initiated_);
+                       bool locally_initiated_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_);
+    int
+    xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Generate peer's id and update lookup map

src/stream_connecter_base.hpp

@@ -51,16 +51,16 @@ class stream_connecter_base_t : public own_t, public io_object_t
                              address_t *addr_,
                              bool delayed_start_);
 
-    ~stream_connecter_base_t ();
+    ~stream_connecter_base_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
   protected:
     //  Handlers for incoming commands.
-    void process_plug ();
+    void process_plug () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void process_term (int linger_);
+    void process_term (int linger_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  Handlers for I/O events.
-    void in_event ();
+    void in_event () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void timer_event (int id_);
+    void timer_event (int id_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  Internal function to create the engine after connection was established.
     virtual void create_engine (fd_t fd, const std::string &local_address_);

src/stream_engine_base.hpp

@@ -58,20 +58,21 @@ class stream_engine_base_t : public io_object_t, public i_engine
     stream_engine_base_t (fd_t fd_,
                           const options_t &options_,
                           const endpoint_uri_pair_t &endpoint_uri_pair_);
-    ~stream_engine_base_t ();
+    ~stream_engine_base_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  i_engine interface implementation.
-    void plug (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_, zmq::session_base_t *session_);
+    void plug (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_,
-    void terminate ();
+               zmq::session_base_t *session_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool restart_input ();
+    void terminate () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void restart_output ();
+    bool restart_input () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void zap_msg_available ();
+    void restart_output () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    const endpoint_uri_pair_t &get_endpoint () const;
+    void zap_msg_available () ZMQ_FINAL;
+    const endpoint_uri_pair_t &get_endpoint () const ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  i_poll_events interface implementation.
-    void in_event ();
+    void in_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void out_event ();
+    void out_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void timer_event (int id_);
+    void timer_event (int id_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
     typedef metadata_t::dict_t properties_t;

src/stream_listener_base.hpp

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class stream_listener_base_t : public own_t, public io_object_t
     stream_listener_base_t (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_,
                             zmq::socket_base_t *socket_,
                             const options_t &options_);
-    ~stream_listener_base_t ();
+    ~stream_listener_base_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     // Get the bound address for use with wildcards
     int get_local_address (std::string &addr_) const;
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ class stream_listener_base_t : public own_t, public io_object_t
 
   private:
     //  Handlers for incoming commands.
-    void process_plug ();
+    void process_plug () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void process_term (int linger_);
+    void process_term (int linger_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
     //  Close the listening socket.

src/sub.hpp

@@ -39,16 +39,17 @@ class msg_t;
 class io_thread_t;
 class socket_base_t;
 
-class sub_t : public xsub_t
+class sub_t ZMQ_FINAL : public xsub_t
 {
   public:
     sub_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~sub_t ();
+    ~sub_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
-    int xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_);
+    int
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     ZMQ_NON_COPYABLE_NOR_MOVABLE (sub_t)
 };

src/tcp_connecter.hpp

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 namespace zmq
 {
-class tcp_connecter_t : public stream_connecter_base_t
+class tcp_connecter_t ZMQ_FINAL : public stream_connecter_base_t
 {
   public:
     //  If 'delayed_start' is true connecter first waits for a while,
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class tcp_connecter_t : public stream_connecter_base_t
                      const options_t &options_,
                      address_t *addr_,
                      bool delayed_start_);
-    ~tcp_connecter_t ();
+    ~tcp_connecter_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  ID of the timer used to check the connect timeout, must be different from stream_connecter_base_t::reconnect_timer_id.
@@ -56,14 +56,14 @@ class tcp_connecter_t : public stream_connecter_base_t
     };
 
     //  Handlers for incoming commands.
-    void process_term (int linger_);
+    void process_term (int linger_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Handlers for I/O events.
-    void out_event ();
+    void out_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void timer_event (int id_);
+    void timer_event (int id_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Internal function to start the actual connection establishment.
-    void start_connecting ();
+    void start_connecting () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Internal function to add a connect timer
     void add_connect_timer ();

src/tcp_listener.hpp

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 namespace zmq
 {
-class tcp_listener_t : public stream_listener_base_t
+class tcp_listener_t ZMQ_FINAL : public stream_listener_base_t
 {
   public:
     tcp_listener_t (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_,
@@ -47,11 +47,12 @@ class tcp_listener_t : public stream_listener_base_t
     int set_local_address (const char *addr_);
 
   protected:
-    std::string get_socket_name (fd_t fd_, socket_end_t socket_end_) const;
+    std::string get_socket_name (fd_t fd_,
+                                 socket_end_t socket_end_) const ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Handlers for I/O events.
-    void in_event ();
+    void in_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Accept the new connection. Returns the file descriptor of the
     //  newly created connection. The function may return retired_fd

src/tipc_connecter.hpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 
 namespace zmq
 {
-class tipc_connecter_t : public stream_connecter_base_t
+class tipc_connecter_t ZMQ_FINAL : public stream_connecter_base_t
 {
   public:
     //  If 'delayed_start' is true connecter first waits for a while,
@@ -52,10 +52,10 @@ class tipc_connecter_t : public stream_connecter_base_t
 
   private:
     //  Handlers for I/O events.
-    void out_event ();
+    void out_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Internal function to start the actual connection establishment.
-    void start_connecting ();
+    void start_connecting () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Get the file descriptor of newly created connection. Returns
     //  retired_fd if the connection was unsuccessful.

src/tipc_listener.hpp

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 
 namespace zmq
 {
-class tipc_listener_t : public stream_listener_base_t
+class tipc_listener_t ZMQ_FINAL : public stream_listener_base_t
 {
   public:
     tipc_listener_t (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_,
@@ -53,11 +53,12 @@ class tipc_listener_t : public stream_listener_base_t
     int set_local_address (const char *addr_);
 
   protected:
-    std::string get_socket_name (fd_t fd_, socket_end_t socket_end_) const;
+    std::string get_socket_name (fd_t fd_,
+                                 socket_end_t socket_end_) const ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Handlers for I/O events.
-    void in_event ();
+    void in_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Accept the new connection. Returns the file descriptor of the
     //  newly created connection. The function may return retired_fd

src/udp_engine.hpp

@@ -14,36 +14,37 @@ namespace zmq
 class io_thread_t;
 class session_base_t;
 
-class udp_engine_t : public io_object_t, public i_engine
+class udp_engine_t ZMQ_FINAL : public io_object_t, public i_engine
 {
   public:
     udp_engine_t (const options_t &options_);
-    ~udp_engine_t ();
+    ~udp_engine_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     int init (address_t *address_, bool send_, bool recv_);
 
     //  i_engine interface implementation.
     //  Plug the engine to the session.
-    void plug (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_, class session_base_t *session_);
+    void plug (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_,
+               class session_base_t *session_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Terminate and deallocate the engine. Note that 'detached'
     //  events are not fired on termination.
-    void terminate ();
+    void terminate () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  This method is called by the session to signalise that more
     //  messages can be written to the pipe.
-    bool restart_input ();
+    bool restart_input () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  This method is called by the session to signalise that there
     //  are messages to send available.
-    void restart_output ();
+    void restart_output () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
-    void zap_msg_available (){};
+    void zap_msg_available () ZMQ_FINAL{};
 
-    void in_event ();
+    void in_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void out_event ();
+    void out_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
-    const endpoint_uri_pair_t &get_endpoint () const;
+    const endpoint_uri_pair_t &get_endpoint () const ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     int resolve_raw_address (char *name_, size_t length_);

src/v1_decoder.hpp

@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ namespace zmq
 {
 //  Decoder for ZMTP/1.0 protocol. Converts data batches into messages.
 
-class v1_decoder_t : public decoder_base_t<v1_decoder_t>
+class v1_decoder_t ZMQ_FINAL : public decoder_base_t<v1_decoder_t>
 {
   public:
     v1_decoder_t (size_t bufsize_, int64_t maxmsgsize_);
-    ~v1_decoder_t ();
+    ~v1_decoder_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
-    virtual msg_t *msg () { return &_in_progress; }
+    msg_t *msg () ZMQ_FINAL { return &_in_progress; }
 
   private:
     int one_byte_size_ready (unsigned char const *);

src/v1_encoder.hpp

@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ namespace zmq
 {
 //  Encoder for ZMTP/1.0 protocol. Converts messages into data batches.
 
-class v1_encoder_t : public encoder_base_t<v1_encoder_t>
+class v1_encoder_t ZMQ_FINAL : public encoder_base_t<v1_encoder_t>
 {
   public:
     v1_encoder_t (size_t bufsize_);
-    ~v1_encoder_t ();
+    ~v1_encoder_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     void size_ready ();

src/v2_decoder.hpp

@@ -38,15 +38,15 @@ namespace zmq
 //  Decoder for ZMTP/2.x framing protocol. Converts data stream into messages.
 //  The class has to inherit from shared_message_memory_allocator because
 //  the base class calls allocate in its constructor.
-class v2_decoder_t
+class v2_decoder_t ZMQ_FINAL
     : public decoder_base_t<v2_decoder_t, shared_message_memory_allocator>
 {
   public:
     v2_decoder_t (size_t bufsize_, int64_t maxmsgsize_, bool zero_copy_);
-    virtual ~v2_decoder_t ();
+    ~v2_decoder_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  i_decoder interface.
-    virtual msg_t *msg () { return &_in_progress; }
+    msg_t *msg () ZMQ_FINAL { return &_in_progress; }
 
   private:
     int flags_ready (unsigned char const *);

src/v2_encoder.hpp

@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ namespace zmq
 {
 //  Encoder for 0MQ framing protocol. Converts messages into data stream.
 
-class v2_encoder_t : public encoder_base_t<v2_encoder_t>
+class v2_encoder_t ZMQ_FINAL : public encoder_base_t<v2_encoder_t>
 {
   public:
     v2_encoder_t (size_t bufsize_);
-    virtual ~v2_encoder_t ();
+    ~v2_encoder_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     void size_ready ();

src/vmci_connecter.hpp

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class session_base_t;
 struct address_t;
 
 //  TODO consider refactoring this to derive from stream_connecter_base_t
-class vmci_connecter_t : public own_t, public io_object_t
+class vmci_connecter_t ZMQ_FINAL : public own_t, public io_object_t
 {
   public:
     //  If 'delayed_start' is true connecter first waits for a while,

src/vmci_listener.hpp

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class io_thread_t;
 class socket_base_t;
 
 //  TODO consider refactoring this to derive from stream_listener_base_t
-class vmci_listener_t : public own_t, public io_object_t
+class vmci_listener_t ZMQ_FINAL : public own_t, public io_object_t
 {
   public:
     vmci_listener_t (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_,

src/ws_connecter.hpp

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 namespace zmq
 {
-class ws_connecter_t : public stream_connecter_base_t
+class ws_connecter_t ZMQ_FINAL : public stream_connecter_base_t
 {
   public:
     //  If 'delayed_start' is true connecter first waits for a while,
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ class ws_connecter_t : public stream_connecter_base_t
                     bool delayed_start_,
                     bool wss_,
                     const std::string &tls_hostname_);
-    ~ws_connecter_t ();
+    ~ws_connecter_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
-    void create_engine (fd_t fd, const std::string &local_address_);
+    void create_engine (fd_t fd, const std::string &local_address_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  ID of the timer used to check the connect timeout, must be different from stream_connecter_base_t::reconnect_timer_id.
@@ -61,14 +61,14 @@ class ws_connecter_t : public stream_connecter_base_t
     };
 
     //  Handlers for incoming commands.
-    void process_term (int linger_);
+    void process_term (int linger_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Handlers for I/O events.
-    void out_event ();
+    void out_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void timer_event (int id_);
+    void timer_event (int id_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Internal function to start the actual connection establishment.
-    void start_connecting ();
+    void start_connecting () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Internal function to add a connect timer
     void add_connect_timer ();

src/ws_decoder.hpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace zmq
 //  Decoder for Web socket framing protocol. Converts data stream into messages.
 //  The class has to inherit from shared_message_memory_allocator because
 //  the base class calls allocate in its constructor.
-class ws_decoder_t
+class ws_decoder_t ZMQ_FINAL
     : public decoder_base_t<ws_decoder_t, shared_message_memory_allocator>
 {
   public:
@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ class ws_decoder_t
                   int64_t maxmsgsize_,
                   bool zero_copy_,
                   bool must_mask_);
-    virtual ~ws_decoder_t ();
+    ~ws_decoder_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  i_decoder interface.
-    virtual msg_t *msg () { return &_in_progress; }
+    msg_t *msg () ZMQ_FINAL { return &_in_progress; }
 
   private:
     int opcode_ready (unsigned char const *);

src/ws_encoder.hpp

@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ namespace zmq
 {
 //  Encoder for web socket framing protocol. Converts messages into data stream.
 
-class ws_encoder_t : public encoder_base_t<ws_encoder_t>
+class ws_encoder_t ZMQ_FINAL : public encoder_base_t<ws_encoder_t>
 {
   public:
     ws_encoder_t (size_t bufsize_, bool must_mask_);
-    virtual ~ws_encoder_t ();
+    ~ws_encoder_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     void size_ready ();

src/ws_engine.hpp

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ typedef enum
     client_handshake_error = -1
 } ws_client_handshake_state_t;
 
-class ws_engine_t : public stream_engine_base_t
+class ws_engine_t ZMQ_FINAL : public stream_engine_base_t
 {
   public:
     ws_engine_t (fd_t fd_,
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class ws_engine_t : public stream_engine_base_t
                  const endpoint_uri_pair_t &endpoint_uri_pair_,
                  ws_address_t &address_,
                  bool client_);
-    ~ws_engine_t ();
+    ~ws_engine_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
     int decode_and_push (msg_t *msg_);

src/ws_listener.hpp

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 
 namespace zmq
 {
-class ws_listener_t : public stream_listener_base_t
+class ws_listener_t ZMQ_FINAL : public stream_listener_base_t
 {
   public:
     ws_listener_t (zmq::io_thread_t *io_thread_,
@@ -48,18 +48,19 @@ class ws_listener_t : public stream_listener_base_t
                    const options_t &options_,
                    bool wss_);
 
-    ~ws_listener_t ();
+    ~ws_listener_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Set address to listen on.
     int set_local_address (const char *addr_);
 
   protected:
-    std::string get_socket_name (fd_t fd_, socket_end_t socket_end_) const;
+    std::string get_socket_name (fd_t fd_,
-    void create_engine (fd_t fd);
+                                 socket_end_t socket_end_) const ZMQ_FINAL;
+    void create_engine (fd_t fd) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Handlers for I/O events.
-    void in_event ();
+    void in_event () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Accept the new connection. Returns the file descriptor of the
     //  newly created connection. The function may return retired_fd

src/xpub.hpp

@@ -48,20 +48,21 @@ class xpub_t : public socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     xpub_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~xpub_t ();
+    ~xpub_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
     //  Implementations of virtual functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_ = false,
-                       bool locally_initiated_ = false);
+                       bool locally_initiated_ = false) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    bool xhas_out ();
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_);
+    int
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_) ZMQ_FINAL;
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Function to be applied to the trie to send all the subscriptions

src/xsub.hpp

@@ -50,22 +50,24 @@ class xsub_t : public socket_base_t
 {
   public:
     xsub_t (zmq::ctx_t *parent_, uint32_t tid_, int sid_);
-    ~xsub_t ();
+    ~xsub_t () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
 
   protected:
     //  Overrides of functions from socket_base_t.
     void xattach_pipe (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_,
                        bool subscribe_to_all_,
-                       bool locally_initiated_);
+                       bool locally_initiated_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int xsetsockopt (int option_, const void *optval_, size_t optvallen_);
+    int xsetsockopt (int option_,
-    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+                     const void *optval_,
-    bool xhas_out ();
+                     size_t optvallen_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_);
+    int xsend (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    bool xhas_in ();
+    bool xhas_out () ZMQ_OVERRIDE;
-    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    int xrecv (zmq::msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    bool xhas_in () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xhiccuped (pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xread_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_);
+    void xwrite_activated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
+    void xhiccuped (pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
+    void xpipe_terminated (zmq::pipe_t *pipe_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Check whether the message matches at least one subscription.

src/ypipe.hpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespace zmq
 //  N is granularity of the pipe, i.e. how many items are needed to
 //  perform next memory allocation.
 
-template <typename T, int N> class ypipe_t : public ypipe_base_t<T>
+template <typename T, int N> class ypipe_t ZMQ_FINAL : public ypipe_base_t<T>
 {
   public:
     //  Initialises the pipe.
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ template <typename T, int N> class ypipe_t : public ypipe_base_t<T>
     //  set to true the item is assumed to be continued by items
     //  subsequently written to the pipe. Incomplete items are never
     //  flushed down the stream.
-    inline void write (const T &value_, bool incomplete_)
+    inline void write (const T &value_, bool incomplete_) ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         //  Place the value to the queue, add new terminator element.
         _queue.back () = value_;
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ template <typename T, int N> class ypipe_t : public ypipe_base_t<T>
 
     //  Pop an incomplete item from the pipe. Returns true if such
     //  item exists, false otherwise.
-    inline bool unwrite (T *value_)
+    inline bool unwrite (T *value_) ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         if (_f == &_queue.back ())
             return false;
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ template <typename T, int N> class ypipe_t : public ypipe_base_t<T>
     //  Flush all the completed items into the pipe. Returns false if
     //  the reader thread is sleeping. In that case, caller is obliged to
     //  wake the reader up before using the pipe again.
-    inline bool flush ()
+    inline bool flush () ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         //  If there are no un-flushed items, do nothing.
         if (_w == _f)
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ template <typename T, int N> class ypipe_t : public ypipe_base_t<T>
     }
 
     //  Check whether item is available for reading.
-    inline bool check_read ()
+    inline bool check_read () ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         //  Was the value prefetched already? If so, return.
         if (&_queue.front () != _r && _r)
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ template <typename T, int N> class ypipe_t : public ypipe_base_t<T>
 
     //  Reads an item from the pipe. Returns false if there is no value.
     //  available.
-    inline bool read (T *value_)
+    inline bool read (T *value_) ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         //  Try to prefetch a value.
         if (!check_read ())
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ template <typename T, int N> class ypipe_t : public ypipe_base_t<T>
     //  Applies the function fn to the first elemenent in the pipe
     //  and returns the value returned by the fn.
     //  The pipe mustn't be empty or the function crashes.
-    inline bool probe (bool (*fn_) (const T &))
+    inline bool probe (bool (*fn_) (const T &)) ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         bool rc = check_read ();
         zmq_assert (rc);

src/ypipe_conflate.hpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespace zmq
 //  reader_awake flag is needed here to mimic ypipe delicate behaviour
 //  around the reader being asleep (see 'c' pointer being NULL in ypipe.hpp)
 
-template <typename T> class ypipe_conflate_t : public ypipe_base_t<T>
+template <typename T> class ypipe_conflate_t ZMQ_FINAL : public ypipe_base_t<T>
 {
   public:
     //  Initialises the pipe.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ template <typename T> class ypipe_conflate_t : public ypipe_base_t<T>
 #pragma message save
 #pragma message disable(UNINIT)
 #endif
-    inline void write (const T &value_, bool incomplete_)
+    inline void write (const T &value_, bool incomplete_) ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         (void) incomplete_;
 
@@ -69,16 +69,16 @@ template <typename T> class ypipe_conflate_t : public ypipe_base_t<T>
 #endif
 
     // There are no incomplete items for conflate ypipe
-    inline bool unwrite (T *) { return false; }
+    inline bool unwrite (T *) ZMQ_FINAL { return false; }
 
     //  Flush is no-op for conflate ypipe. Reader asleep behaviour
     //  is as of the usual ypipe.
     //  Returns false if the reader thread is sleeping. In that case,
     //  caller is obliged to wake the reader up before using the pipe again.
-    inline bool flush () { return reader_awake; }
+    inline bool flush () ZMQ_FINAL { return reader_awake; }
 
     //  Check whether item is available for reading.
-    inline bool check_read ()
+    inline bool check_read () ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         bool res = dbuffer.check_read ();
         if (!res)
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ template <typename T> class ypipe_conflate_t : public ypipe_base_t<T>
 
     //  Reads an item from the pipe. Returns false if there is no value.
     //  available.
-    inline bool read (T *value_)
+    inline bool read (T *value_) ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         if (!check_read ())
             return false;
@@ -100,7 +100,10 @@ template <typename T> class ypipe_conflate_t : public ypipe_base_t<T>
     //  Applies the function fn to the first elemenent in the pipe
     //  and returns the value returned by the fn.
     //  The pipe mustn't be empty or the function crashes.
-    inline bool probe (bool (*fn_) (const T &)) { return dbuffer.probe (fn_); }
+    inline bool probe (bool (*fn_) (const T &)) ZMQ_FINAL
+    {
+        return dbuffer.probe (fn_);
+    }
 
   protected:
     dbuffer_t<T> dbuffer;

src/zap_client.hpp

@@ -83,12 +83,12 @@ class zap_client_common_handshake_t : public zap_client_t
                                    state_t zap_reply_ok_state_);
 
     //  methods from mechanism_t
-    status_t status () const;
+    status_t status () const ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int zap_msg_available ();
+    int zap_msg_available () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  zap_client_t methods
-    int receive_and_process_zap_reply ();
+    int receive_and_process_zap_reply () ZMQ_FINAL;
-    void handle_zap_status_code ();
+    void handle_zap_status_code () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
     //  Current FSM state
     state_t state;

src/zmtp_engine.hpp

@@ -59,24 +59,24 @@ class mechanism_t;
 //  This engine handles any socket with SOCK_STREAM semantics,
 //  e.g. TCP socket or an UNIX domain socket.
 
-class zmtp_engine_t : public stream_engine_base_t
+class zmtp_engine_t ZMQ_FINAL : public stream_engine_base_t
 {
   public:
     zmtp_engine_t (fd_t fd_,
                    const options_t &options_,
                    const endpoint_uri_pair_t &endpoint_uri_pair_);
-    ~zmtp_engine_t ();
+    ~zmtp_engine_t () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   protected:
     //  Detects the protocol used by the peer.
-    bool handshake ();
+    bool handshake () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
-    void plug_internal ();
+    void plug_internal () ZMQ_FINAL;
 
-    int process_command_message (msg_t *msg_);
+    int process_command_message (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int produce_ping_message (msg_t *msg_);
+    int produce_ping_message (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int process_heartbeat_message (msg_t *msg_);
+    int process_heartbeat_message (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
-    int produce_pong_message (msg_t *msg_);
+    int produce_pong_message (msg_t *msg_) ZMQ_FINAL;
 
   private:
     //  Receive the greeting from the peer.

unittests/unittest_ip_resolver.cpp

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
 #include <unity.h>
+#include "../src/macros.hpp"
 #include "../tests/testutil.hpp"
 #include "../tests/testutil_unity.hpp"
 #include "../unittests/unittest_resolver_common.hpp"
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ void tearDown ()
 {
 }
 
-class test_ip_resolver_t : public zmq::ip_resolver_t
+class test_ip_resolver_t ZMQ_FINAL : public zmq::ip_resolver_t
 {
   public:
     test_ip_resolver_t (zmq::ip_resolver_options_t opts_) :
@@ -55,10 +56,10 @@ class test_ip_resolver_t : public zmq::ip_resolver_t
         const char *ipv6;
     };
 
-    virtual int do_getaddrinfo (const char *node_,
+    int do_getaddrinfo (const char *node_,
-                                const char *service_,
+                        const char *service_,
-                                const struct addrinfo *hints_,
+                        const struct addrinfo *hints_,
-                                struct addrinfo **res_)
+                        struct addrinfo **res_) ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         static const struct dns_lut_t dns_lut[] = {
           {"ip.zeromq.org", "10.100.0.1", "fdf5:d058:d656::1"},
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ class test_ip_resolver_t : public zmq::ip_resolver_t
         return zmq::ip_resolver_t::do_getaddrinfo (ip, NULL, &ai, res_);
     }
 
-    virtual unsigned int do_if_nametoindex (const char *ifname_)
+    unsigned int do_if_nametoindex (const char *ifname_) ZMQ_FINAL
     {
         static const char *dummy_interfaces[] = {
           "lo0",

unittests/unittest_poller.cpp

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ struct test_events_t : zmq::i_poll_events
         (void) _fd;
     }
 
-    virtual void in_event ()
+    void in_event () ZMQ_OVERRIDE
     {
         _poller.rm_fd (_handle);
         _handle = (zmq::poller_t::handle_t) NULL;
@@ -73,13 +73,13 @@ struct test_events_t : zmq::i_poll_events
     }
 
 
-    virtual void out_event ()
+    void out_event () ZMQ_OVERRIDE
     {
         // TODO
     }
 
 
-    virtual void timer_event (int id_)
+    void timer_event (int id_) ZMQ_OVERRIDE
     {
         LIBZMQ_UNUSED (id_);
         _poller.rm_fd (_handle);