gmock-actions: properly support non-moveable results in is_callable_r.

Previously this excluded callables that return non-moveable types. This is the
same as the
[libc++ std::is_invocable_r bug](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/55346)
fixed by
[this commit](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/c3a24882903d): it's
wrong to use std::is_convertible for checking the return type, since (despite
its name) that doesn't check the standard-defined notion of "implicitly
convertible". Instead we must base the check on whether the source type can be
used as an argument to a function that accepts the destination type.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 451341205
Change-Id: I2530051312a0361ea7a2ce26993ae973c9242089

googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h

@@ -298,6 +298,53 @@ struct disjunction<P1, Ps...>
 template <typename...>
 using void_t = void;
 
+// Detects whether an expression of type `From` can be implicitly converted to
+// `To` according to [conv]. In C++17, [conv]/3 defines this as follows:
+//
+//     An expression e can be implicitly converted to a type T if and only if
+//     the declaration T t=e; is well-formed, for some invented temporary
+//     variable t ([dcl.init]).
+//
+// [conv]/2 implies we can use function argument passing to detect whether this
+// initialization is valid.
+//
+// Note that this is distinct from is_convertible, which requires this be valid:
+//
+//     To test() {
+//       return declval<From>();
+//     }
+//
+// In particular, is_convertible doesn't give the correct answer when `To` and
+// `From` are the same non-moveable type since `declval<From>` will be an rvalue
+// reference, defeating the guaranteed copy elision that would otherwise make
+// this function work.
+//
+// REQUIRES: `From` is not cv void.
+template <typename From, typename To>
+struct is_implicitly_convertible {
+ private:
+  // A function that accepts a parameter of type T. This can be called with type
+  // U successfully only if U is implicitly convertible to T.
+  template <typename T>
+  static void Accept(T);
+
+  // A function that creates a value of type T.
+  template <typename T>
+  static T Make();
+
+  // An overload be selected when implicit conversion from T to To is possible.
+  template <typename T, typename = decltype(Accept<To>(Make<T>()))>
+  static std::true_type TestImplicitConversion(int);
+
+  // A fallback overload selected in all other cases.
+  template <typename T>
+  static std::false_type TestImplicitConversion(...);
+
+ public:
+  using type = decltype(TestImplicitConversion<From>(0));
+  static constexpr bool value = type::value;
+};
+
 // Like std::invoke_result_t from C++17, but works only for objects with call
 // operators (not e.g. member function pointers, which we don't need specific
 // support for in OnceAction because std::function deals with them).
@@ -313,9 +360,9 @@ struct is_callable_r_impl : std::false_type {};
 template <typename R, typename F, typename... Args>
 struct is_callable_r_impl<void_t<call_result_t<F, Args...>>, R, F, Args...>
     : std::conditional<
-          std::is_same<R, void>::value,  //
-          std::true_type,                //
-          std::is_convertible<call_result_t<F, Args...>, R>>::type {};
+          std::is_void<R>::value,  //
+          std::true_type,          //
+          is_implicitly_convertible<call_result_t<F, Args...>, R>>::type {};
 
 // Like std::is_invocable_r from C++17, but works only for objects with call
 // operators. See the note on call_result_t.

googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc

@@ -192,13 +192,15 @@ TEST(TypeTraits, IsInvocableRV) {
   };
 
   // The first overload is callable for const and non-const rvalues and lvalues.
-  // It can be used to obtain an int, void, or anything int is convertible too.
+  // It can be used to obtain an int, cv void, or anything int is convertible
+  // to.
   static_assert(internal::is_callable_r<int, C>::value, "");
   static_assert(internal::is_callable_r<int, C&>::value, "");
   static_assert(internal::is_callable_r<int, const C>::value, "");
   static_assert(internal::is_callable_r<int, const C&>::value, "");
 
   static_assert(internal::is_callable_r<void, C>::value, "");
+  static_assert(internal::is_callable_r<const volatile void, C>::value, "");
   static_assert(internal::is_callable_r<char, C>::value, "");
 
   // It's possible to provide an int. If it's given to an lvalue, the result is
@@ -217,6 +219,32 @@ TEST(TypeTraits, IsInvocableRV) {
   static_assert(!internal::is_callable_r<void, C, std::string>::value, "");
   static_assert(!internal::is_callable_r<void, C, int, int>::value, "");
 
+  // In C++17 and above, where it's guaranteed that functions can return
+  // non-moveable objects, everything should work fine for non-moveable rsult
+  // types too.
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201703L
+  {
+    struct NonMoveable {
+      NonMoveable() = default;
+      NonMoveable(NonMoveable&&) = delete;
+    };
+
+    static_assert(!std::is_move_constructible_v<NonMoveable>);
+
+    struct Callable {
+      NonMoveable operator()() { return NonMoveable(); }
+    };
+
+    static_assert(internal::is_callable_r<NonMoveable, Callable>::value);
+    static_assert(internal::is_callable_r<void, Callable>::value);
+    static_assert(
+        internal::is_callable_r<const volatile void, Callable>::value);
+
+    static_assert(!internal::is_callable_r<int, Callable>::value);
+    static_assert(!internal::is_callable_r<NonMoveable, Callable, int>::value);
+  }
+#endif  // C++17 and above
+
   // Nothing should choke when we try to call other arguments besides directly
   // callable objects, but they should not show up as callable.
   static_assert(!internal::is_callable_r<void, int>::value, "");