#ifndef PTZ_H
#define PTZ_H

// The MIT License (MIT)
//
// Copyright (c) 2017 Howard Hinnant
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
// SOFTWARE.

// This header allows Posix-style time zones as specified for TZ here:
// http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap08.html#tag_08_03
//
// Posix::time_zone can be constructed with a posix-style string and then used in
// a zoned_time like so:
//
// zoned_time<system_clock::duration, Posix::time_zone> zt{"EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0",
//                                                         system_clock::now()};
// or:
//
// Posix::time_zone tz{"EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0"};
// zoned_time<system_clock::duration, Posix::time_zone> zt{tz, system_clock::now()};
//
// In C++17 CTAD simplifies this to:
//
// Posix::time_zone tz{"EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0"};
// zoned_time zt{tz, system_clock::now()};
//
// Extension to the Posix rules to allow a constant daylight saving offset:
//
// If the rule set is missing (everything starting with ','), then
// there must be exactly one abbreviation (std or daylight) with
// length 3 or greater, and that will be used as the constant offset. If
// there are two, the std abbreviation is silently set to "", and the
// result is constant daylight saving. If there are zero abbreviations
// with no rule set, an exception is thrown.
//
// Example:
// "EST5" yields a constant offset of -5h with 0h save and "EST abbreviation.
// "5EDT" yields a constant offset of -4h with 1h save and "EDT" abbreviation.
// "EST5EDT" and "5EDT4" are both equal to "5EDT".
//
// Note, Posix-style time zones are not recommended for all of the reasons described here:
// https://stackoverflow.com/tags/timezone/info
//
// They are provided here as a non-trivial custom time zone example, and if you really
// have to have Posix time zones, you're welcome to use this one.

#include "date/tz.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
#include <ostream>
#include <string>

namespace Posix
{

namespace detail
{

#if HAS_STRING_VIEW

using string_t = std::string_view;

#else  // !HAS_STRING_VIEW

using string_t = std::string;

#endif  // !HAS_STRING_VIEW

class rule;

void throw_invalid(const string_t& s, unsigned i, const string_t& message);
unsigned read_date(const string_t& s, unsigned i, rule& r);
unsigned read_name(const string_t& s, unsigned i, std::string& name);
unsigned read_signed_time(const string_t& s, unsigned i, std::chrono::seconds& t);
unsigned read_unsigned_time(const string_t& s, unsigned i, std::chrono::seconds& t);
unsigned read_unsigned(const string_t& s, unsigned i,  unsigned limit, unsigned& u,
                       const string_t& message = string_t{});

class rule
{
    enum {off, J, M, N};

    date::month m_;
    date::weekday wd_;
    unsigned short n_    : 14;
    unsigned short mode_ : 2;
    std::chrono::duration<std::int32_t> time_ = std::chrono::hours{2};

public:
    rule() : mode_(off) {}

    bool ok() const {return mode_ != off;}
    date::local_seconds operator()(date::year y) const;
    std::string to_string() const;

    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const rule& r);
    friend unsigned read_date(const string_t& s, unsigned i, rule& r);
    friend bool operator==(const rule& x, const rule& y);
};

inline
bool
operator==(const rule& x, const rule& y)
{
    if (x.mode_ != y.mode_)
        return false;
    switch (x.mode_)
    {
    case rule::J:
    case rule::N:
        return x.n_ == y.n_;
    case rule::M:
        return x.m_ == y.m_ && x.n_ == y.n_ && x.wd_ == y.wd_;
    default:
        return true;
    }
}

inline
bool
operator!=(const rule& x, const rule& y)
{
    return !(x == y);
}

inline
date::local_seconds
rule::operator()(date::year y) const
{
    using date::local_days;
    using date::January;
    using date::days;
    using date::last;
    using sec = std::chrono::seconds;
    date::local_seconds t;
    switch (mode_)
    {
    case J:
        t = local_days{y/January/0} + days{n_ + (y.is_leap() && n_ > 59)} + sec{time_};
        break;
    case M:
        t = (n_ == 5 ? local_days{y/m_/wd_[last]} : local_days{y/m_/wd_[n_]}) + sec{time_};
        break;
    case N:
        t = local_days{y/January/1} + days{n_} + sec{time_};
        break;
    default:
        assert(!"rule called with bad mode");
    }
    return t;
}

inline
std::string
rule::to_string() const
{
    using namespace std::chrono;
    auto print_offset = [](seconds off)
        {
            std::string nm;
            if (off != hours{2})
            {
                date::hh_mm_ss<seconds> offset{off};
                nm = '/';
                nm += std::to_string(offset.hours().count());
                if (offset.minutes() != minutes{0} || offset.seconds() != seconds{0})
                {
                    nm += ':';
                    if (offset.minutes() < minutes{10})
                        nm += '0';
                    nm += std::to_string(offset.minutes().count());
                    if (offset.seconds() != seconds{0})
                    {
                        nm += ':';
                        if (offset.seconds() < seconds{10})
                            nm += '0';
                        nm += std::to_string(offset.seconds().count());
                    }
                }
            }
            return nm;
        };

    std::string nm;
    switch (mode_)
    {
    case rule::J:
        nm = 'J';
        nm += std::to_string(n_);
        break;
    case rule::M:
        nm = 'M';
        nm += std::to_string(static_cast<unsigned>(m_));
        nm += '.';
        nm += std::to_string(n_);
        nm += '.';
        nm += std::to_string(wd_.c_encoding());
        break;
    case rule::N:
        nm = std::to_string(n_);
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    nm += print_offset(time_);
    return nm;
}

inline
std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& os, const rule& r)
{
    switch (r.mode_)
    {
    case rule::J:
        os << 'J' << r.n_ << date::format(" %T", r.time_);
        break;
    case rule::M:
        if (r.n_ == 5)
            os << r.m_/r.wd_[date::last];
        else
            os << r.m_/r.wd_[r.n_];
        os <<  date::format(" %T", r.time_);
        break;
    case rule::N:
        os << r.n_ << date::format(" %T", r.time_);
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    return os;
}

}  // namespace detail

class time_zone
{
    std::string          std_abbrev_;
    std::string          dst_abbrev_ = {};
    std::chrono::seconds offset_;
    std::chrono::seconds save_ = std::chrono::hours{1};
    detail::rule         start_rule_;
    detail::rule         end_rule_;

public:
    explicit time_zone(const detail::string_t& name);

    template <class Duration>
        date::sys_info   get_info(date::sys_time<Duration> st) const;
    template <class Duration>
        date::local_info get_info(date::local_time<Duration> tp) const;

    template <class Duration>
        date::sys_time<typename std::common_type<Duration, std::chrono::seconds>::type>
        to_sys(date::local_time<Duration> tp) const;

    template <class Duration>
        date::sys_time<typename std::common_type<Duration, std::chrono::seconds>::type>
        to_sys(date::local_time<Duration> tp, date::choose z) const;

    template <class Duration>
        date::local_time<typename std::common_type<Duration, std::chrono::seconds>::type>
        to_local(date::sys_time<Duration> tp) const;

    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const time_zone& z);

    const time_zone* operator->() const {return this;}

    std::string name() const;

    friend bool operator==(const time_zone& x, const time_zone& y);

private:
    date::sys_seconds get_start(date::year y) const;
    date::sys_seconds get_prev_start(date::year y) const;
    date::sys_seconds get_next_start(date::year y) const;
    date::sys_seconds get_end(date::year y) const;
    date::sys_seconds get_prev_end(date::year y) const;
    date::sys_seconds get_next_end(date::year y) const;
    date::sys_info contant_offset() const;
};

inline
date::sys_seconds
time_zone::get_start(date::year y) const
{
    return date::sys_seconds{(start_rule_(y) - offset_).time_since_epoch()};
}

inline
date::sys_seconds
time_zone::get_prev_start(date::year y) const
{
    return date::sys_seconds{(start_rule_(--y) - offset_).time_since_epoch()};
}

inline
date::sys_seconds
time_zone::get_next_start(date::year y) const
{
    return date::sys_seconds{(start_rule_(++y) - offset_).time_since_epoch()};
}

inline
date::sys_seconds
time_zone::get_end(date::year y) const
{
    return date::sys_seconds{(end_rule_(y) - (offset_ + save_)).time_since_epoch()};
}

inline
date::sys_seconds
time_zone::get_prev_end(date::year y) const
{
    return date::sys_seconds{(end_rule_(--y) - (offset_ + save_)).time_since_epoch()};
}

inline
date::sys_seconds
time_zone::get_next_end(date::year y) const
{
    return date::sys_seconds{(end_rule_(++y) - (offset_ + save_)).time_since_epoch()};
}

inline
date::sys_info
time_zone::contant_offset() const
{
    using date::year;
    using date::sys_info;
    using date::sys_days;
    using date::January;
    using date::December;
    using date::last;
    using date::days;
    using std::chrono::minutes;
    sys_info r;
    r.begin = sys_days{year::min()/January/1};
    r.end   = sys_days{year::max()/December/last} + days{1} - std::chrono::seconds{1};
    if (std_abbrev_.size() > 0)
    {
        r.abbrev = std_abbrev_;
        r.offset = offset_;
        r.save = {};
    }
    else
    {
        r.abbrev = dst_abbrev_;
        r.offset = offset_ + save_;
        r.save = date::ceil<minutes>(save_);
    }
    return r;
}

inline
time_zone::time_zone(const detail::string_t& s)
{
    using detail::read_name;
    using detail::read_signed_time;
    using detail::throw_invalid;
    auto i = read_name(s, 0, std_abbrev_);
    auto std_name_i = i;
    auto abbrev_name_i = i;
    i = read_signed_time(s, i, offset_);
    offset_ = -offset_;
    if (i != s.size())
    {
        i = read_name(s, i, dst_abbrev_);
        abbrev_name_i = i;
        if (i != s.size())
        {
            if (s[i] != ',')
            {
                i = read_signed_time(s, i, save_);
                save_ = -save_ - offset_;
            }
            if (i != s.size())
            {
                if (s[i] != ',')
                    throw_invalid(s, i, "Expecting end of string or ',' to start rule");
                ++i;
                i = read_date(s, i, start_rule_);
                if (i == s.size() || s[i] != ',')
                    throw_invalid(s, i, "Expecting ',' and then the ending rule");
                ++i;
                i = read_date(s, i, end_rule_);
                if (i != s.size())
                    throw_invalid(s, i, "Found unexpected trailing characters");
            }
        }
    }
    if (start_rule_.ok())
    {
        if (std_abbrev_.size() < 3)
            throw_invalid(s, std_name_i, "Zone with rules must have a std"
                                         " abbreviation of length 3 or greater");
        if (dst_abbrev_.size() < 3)
            throw_invalid(s, abbrev_name_i, "Zone with rules must have a daylight"
                                            " abbreviation of length 3 or greater");
    }
    else
    {
        if (dst_abbrev_.size() >= 3)
        {
            std_abbrev_.clear();
        }
        else if (std_abbrev_.size() < 3)
        {
            throw_invalid(s, std_name_i, "Zone must have at least one abbreviation"
                                         " of length 3 or greater");
        }
        else
        {
            dst_abbrev_.clear();
            save_ = {};
        }
    }
}

template <class Duration>
date::sys_info
time_zone::get_info(date::sys_time<Duration> st) const
{
    using date::sys_info;
    using date::year_month_day;
    using date::sys_days;
    using date::floor;
    using date::ceil;
    using date::days;
    using date::year;
    using date::January;
    using date::December;
    using date::last;
    using std::chrono::minutes;
    sys_info r{};
    r.offset = offset_;
    if (start_rule_.ok())
    {
        auto y = year_month_day{floor<days>(st)}.year();
        if (st >= get_next_start(y))
            ++y;
        else if (st < get_prev_end(y))
            --y;
        auto start = get_start(y);
        auto end   = get_end(y);
        if (start <= end)  // (northern hemisphere)
        {
            if (start <= st && st < end)
            {
                r.begin = start;
                r.end = end;
                r.offset += save_;
                r.save = ceil<minutes>(save_);
                r.abbrev = dst_abbrev_;
            }
            else if (st < start)
            {
                r.begin = get_prev_end(y);
                r.end = start;
                r.abbrev = std_abbrev_;
            }
            else  // st >= end
            {
                r.begin = end;
                r.end = get_next_start(y);
                r.abbrev = std_abbrev_;
            }
        }
        else  // end < start (southern hemisphere)
        {
            if (end <= st && st < start)
            {
                r.begin = end;
                r.end = start;
                r.abbrev = std_abbrev_;
            }
            else if (st < end)
            {
                r.begin = get_prev_start(y);
                r.end = end;
                r.offset += save_;
                r.save = ceil<minutes>(save_);
                r.abbrev = dst_abbrev_;
            }
            else  // st >= start
            {
                r.begin = start;
                r.end = get_next_end(y);
                r.offset += save_;
                r.save = ceil<minutes>(save_);
                r.abbrev = dst_abbrev_;
            }
        }
    }
    else
        r = contant_offset();
    using seconds = std::chrono::seconds;
    assert(r.begin <= floor<seconds>(st) && floor<seconds>(st) <= r.end);
    return r;
}

template <class Duration>
date::local_info
time_zone::get_info(date::local_time<Duration> tp) const
{
    using date::local_info;
    using date::year_month_day;
    using date::days;
    using date::sys_days;
    using date::sys_seconds;
    using date::year;
    using date::ceil;
    using date::January;
    using date::December;
    using date::last;
    using std::chrono::seconds;
    using std::chrono::minutes;
    local_info r{};
    using date::floor;
    if (start_rule_.ok())
    {
        auto y = year_month_day{floor<days>(tp)}.year();
        auto start = get_start(y);
        auto end   = get_end(y);
        auto utcs = sys_seconds{floor<seconds>(tp - offset_).time_since_epoch()};
        auto utcd = sys_seconds{floor<seconds>(tp - (offset_ + save_)).time_since_epoch()};
        auto northern = start <= end;
        if ((utcs < start) != (utcd < start))
        {
            if (northern)
                r.first.begin = get_prev_end(y);
            else
                r.first.begin = end;
            r.first.end = start;
            r.first.offset = offset_;
            r.first.abbrev = std_abbrev_;
            r.second.begin = start;
            if (northern)
                r.second.end = end;
            else
                r.second.end = get_next_end(y);
            r.second.abbrev = dst_abbrev_;
            r.second.offset = offset_ + save_;
            r.second.save = ceil<minutes>(save_);
            r.result = save_ > seconds{0} ? local_info::nonexistent
                                          : local_info::ambiguous;
        }
        else if ((utcs < end) != (utcd < end))
        {
            if (northern)
                r.first.begin = start;
            else
                r.first.begin = get_prev_start(y);
            r.first.end = end;
            r.first.offset = offset_ + save_;
            r.first.save = ceil<minutes>(save_);
            r.first.abbrev = dst_abbrev_;
            r.second.begin = end;
            if (northern)
                r.second.end = get_next_start(y);
            else
                r.second.end = start;
            r.second.abbrev = std_abbrev_;
            r.second.offset = offset_;
            r.result = save_ > seconds{0} ? local_info::ambiguous
                                          : local_info::nonexistent;
        }
        else
            r.first = get_info(utcs);
    }
    else
        r.first = contant_offset();
    return r;
}

template <class Duration>
date::sys_time<typename std::common_type<Duration, std::chrono::seconds>::type>
time_zone::to_sys(date::local_time<Duration> tp) const
{
    using date::local_info;
    using date::sys_time;
    using date::ambiguous_local_time;
    using date::nonexistent_local_time;
    auto i = get_info(tp);
    if (i.result == local_info::nonexistent)
        throw nonexistent_local_time(tp, i);
    else if (i.result == local_info::ambiguous)
        throw ambiguous_local_time(tp, i);
    return sys_time<Duration>{tp.time_since_epoch()} - i.first.offset;
}

template <class Duration>
date::sys_time<typename std::common_type<Duration, std::chrono::seconds>::type>
time_zone::to_sys(date::local_time<Duration> tp, date::choose z) const
{
    using date::local_info;
    using date::sys_time;
    using date::choose;
    auto i = get_info(tp);
    if (i.result == local_info::nonexistent)
    {
        return i.first.end;
    }
    else if (i.result == local_info::ambiguous)
    {
        if (z == choose::latest)
            return sys_time<Duration>{tp.time_since_epoch()} - i.second.offset;
    }
    return sys_time<Duration>{tp.time_since_epoch()} - i.first.offset;
}

template <class Duration>
date::local_time<typename std::common_type<Duration, std::chrono::seconds>::type>
time_zone::to_local(date::sys_time<Duration> tp) const
{
    using date::local_time;
    using std::chrono::seconds;
    using LT = local_time<typename std::common_type<Duration, seconds>::type>;
    auto i = get_info(tp);
    return LT{(tp + i.offset).time_since_epoch()};
}

inline
std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& os, const time_zone& z)
{
    using date::operator<<;
    os << '{';
    os << z.std_abbrev_ << ", " << z.dst_abbrev_ << date::format(", %T, ", z.offset_)
       << date::format("%T, [", z.save_) << z.start_rule_ << ", " << z.end_rule_ << ")}";
    return os;
}

inline
std::string
time_zone::name() const
{
    using namespace date;
    using namespace std::chrono;
    auto print_abbrev = [](std::string const& nm)
        {
            if (std::any_of(nm.begin(), nm.end(),
                         [](char c)
                         {
                             return !std::isalpha(c);
                         }))
            {
                return '<' + nm + '>';
            }
            return nm;
        };
    auto print_offset = [](seconds off)
        {
            std::string nm;
            date::hh_mm_ss<seconds> offset{-off};
            if (offset.is_negative())
                nm += '-';
            nm += std::to_string(offset.hours().count());
            if (offset.minutes() != minutes{0} || offset.seconds() != seconds{0})
            {
                nm += ':';
                if (offset.minutes() < minutes{10})
                    nm += '0';
                nm += std::to_string(offset.minutes().count());
                if (offset.seconds() != seconds{0})
                {
                    nm += ':';
                    if (offset.seconds() < seconds{10})
                        nm += '0';
                    nm += std::to_string(offset.seconds().count());
                }
            }
            return nm;
        };
    auto nm = print_abbrev(std_abbrev_);
    nm += print_offset(offset_);
    if (!dst_abbrev_.empty())
    {
        nm += print_abbrev(dst_abbrev_);
        if (save_ != hours{1})
            nm += print_offset(offset_+save_);
        if (start_rule_.ok())
        {
            nm += ',';
            nm += start_rule_.to_string();
            nm += ',';
            nm += end_rule_.to_string();
        }
    }
    return nm;
}

inline
bool
operator==(const time_zone& x, const time_zone& y)
{
    return x.std_abbrev_ == y.std_abbrev_ &&
           x.dst_abbrev_ == y. dst_abbrev_ &&
           x.offset_ == y.offset_ &&
           x.save_ == y.save_ &&
           x.start_rule_ == y.start_rule_ &&
           x.end_rule_ == y.end_rule_;
}

inline
bool
operator!=(const time_zone& x, const time_zone& y)
{
    return !(x == y);
}

namespace detail
{

inline
void
throw_invalid(const string_t& s, unsigned i, const string_t& message)
{
    throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Invalid time_zone initializer.\n") +
                             std::string(message) + ":\n" +
                             std::string(s) + '\n' +
                             "\x1b[1;32m" +
                             std::string(i, '~') + '^' +
                             std::string(i < s.size() ? s.size()-i-1 : 0, '~') +
                             "\x1b[0m");
}

inline
unsigned
read_date(const string_t& s, unsigned i, rule& r)
{
    using date::month;
    using date::weekday;
    if (i == s.size())
        throw_invalid(s, i, "Expected rule but found end of string");
    if (s[i] == 'J')
    {
        ++i;
        unsigned n;
        i = read_unsigned(s, i, 3, n, "Expected to find the Julian day [1, 365]");
        if (!(1 <= n && n <= 365))
            throw_invalid(s, i-1, "Expected Julian day to be in the range [1, 365]");
        r.mode_ = rule::J;
        r.n_ = n;
    }
    else if (s[i] == 'M')
    {
        ++i;
        unsigned m;
        i = read_unsigned(s, i, 2, m, "Expected to find month [1, 12]");
        if (!(1 <= m && m <= 12))
            throw_invalid(s, i-1, "Expected month to be in the range [1, 12]");
        if (i == s.size() || s[i] != '.')
            throw_invalid(s, i, "Expected '.' after month");
        ++i;
        unsigned n;
        i = read_unsigned(s, i, 1, n, "Expected to find week number [1, 5]");
        if (!(1 <= n && n <= 5))
            throw_invalid(s, i-1, "Expected week number to be in the range [1, 5]");
        if (i == s.size() || s[i] != '.')
            throw_invalid(s, i, "Expected '.' after weekday index");
        ++i;
        unsigned wd;
        i = read_unsigned(s, i, 1, wd, "Expected to find day of week [0, 6]");
        if (wd > 6)
            throw_invalid(s, i-1, "Expected day of week to be in the range [0, 6]");
        r.mode_ = rule::M;
        r.m_ = month{m};
        r.wd_ = weekday{wd};
        r.n_ = n;
    }
    else if (std::isdigit(s[i]))
    {
        unsigned n;
        i = read_unsigned(s, i, 3, n);
        if (n > 365)
            throw_invalid(s, i-1, "Expected Julian day to be in the range [0, 365]");
        r.mode_ = rule::N;
        r.n_ = n;
    }
    else
        throw_invalid(s, i, "Expected 'J', 'M', or a digit to start rule");
    if (i != s.size() && s[i] == '/')
    {
        ++i;
        std::chrono::seconds t;
        i = read_unsigned_time(s, i, t);
        r.time_ = t;
    }
    return i;
}

inline
unsigned
read_name(const string_t& s, unsigned i, std::string& name)
{
    if (i == s.size())
        throw_invalid(s, i, "Expected a name but found end of string");
    if (s[i] == '<')
    {
        ++i;
        while (true)
        {
            if (i == s.size())
                throw_invalid(s, i,
                              "Expected to find closing '>', but found end of string");
            if (s[i] == '>')
                break;
            name.push_back(s[i]);
            ++i;
        }
        ++i;
    }
    else
    {
        while (i != s.size() && std::isalpha(s[i]))
        {
            name.push_back(s[i]);
            ++i;
        }
    }
    return i;
}

inline
unsigned
read_signed_time(const string_t& s, unsigned i,
                                  std::chrono::seconds& t)
{
    if (i == s.size())
        throw_invalid(s, i, "Expected to read signed time, but found end of string");
    bool negative = false;
    if (s[i] == '-')
    {
        negative = true;
        ++i;
    }
    else if (s[i] == '+')
        ++i;
    i = read_unsigned_time(s, i, t);
    if (negative)
        t = -t;
    return i;
}

inline
unsigned
read_unsigned_time(const string_t& s, unsigned i, std::chrono::seconds& t)
{
    using std::chrono::seconds;
    using std::chrono::minutes;
    using std::chrono::hours;
    if (i == s.size())
        throw_invalid(s, i, "Expected to read unsigned time, but found end of string");
    unsigned x;
    i = read_unsigned(s, i, 2, x, "Expected to find hours [0, 24]");
    if (x > 24)
        throw_invalid(s, i-1, "Expected hours to be in the range [0, 24]");
    t = hours{x};
    if (i != s.size() && s[i] == ':')
    {
        ++i;
        i = read_unsigned(s, i, 2, x, "Expected to find minutes [0, 59]");
        if (x > 59)
            throw_invalid(s, i-1, "Expected minutes to be in the range [0, 59]");
        t += minutes{x};
        if (i != s.size() && s[i] == ':')
        {
            ++i;
            i = read_unsigned(s, i, 2, x, "Expected to find seconds [0, 59]");
            if (x > 59)
                throw_invalid(s, i-1, "Expected seconds to be in the range [0, 59]");
            t += seconds{x};
        }
    }
    return i;
}

inline
unsigned
read_unsigned(const string_t& s, unsigned i, unsigned limit, unsigned& u,
              const string_t& message)
{
    if (i == s.size() || !std::isdigit(s[i]))
        throw_invalid(s, i, message);
    u = static_cast<unsigned>(s[i] - '0');
    unsigned count = 1;
    for (++i; count < limit && i != s.size() && std::isdigit(s[i]); ++i, ++count)
        u = u * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s[i] - '0');
    return i;
}

}  // namespace detail

}  // namespace Posix

namespace date
{

template <>
struct zoned_traits<Posix::time_zone>
{

#if HAS_STRING_VIEW

    static
    Posix::time_zone
    locate_zone(std::string_view name)
    {
        return Posix::time_zone{name};
    }

#else  // !HAS_STRING_VIEW

    static
    Posix::time_zone
    locate_zone(const std::string& name)
    {
        return Posix::time_zone{name};
    }

    static
    Posix::time_zone
    locate_zone(const char* name)
    {
        return Posix::time_zone{name};
    }

#endif  // !HAS_STRING_VIEW

};

}  // namespace date

#endif  // PTZ_H