crashpad/snapshot/elf/elf_image_reader.cc

// Copyright 2017 The Crashpad Authors. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include "snapshot/elf/elf_image_reader.h"

#include <stddef.h>

#include <limits>
#include <vector>

#include "base/logging.h"
#include "build/build_config.h"

namespace crashpad {

class ElfImageReader::ProgramHeaderTable {
 public:
  virtual ~ProgramHeaderTable() {}

  virtual bool VerifyLoadSegments() const = 0;
  virtual size_t Size() const = 0;
  virtual bool GetDynamicSegment(LinuxVMAddress* address,
                                 LinuxVMSize* size) const = 0;
  virtual bool GetPreferredElfHeaderAddress(LinuxVMAddress* address) const = 0;
  virtual bool GetPreferredLoadedMemoryRange(LinuxVMAddress* address,
                                             LinuxVMSize* size) const = 0;

 protected:
  ProgramHeaderTable() {}
};

template <typename PhdrType>
class ElfImageReader::ProgramHeaderTableSpecific
    : public ElfImageReader::ProgramHeaderTable {
 public:
  ProgramHeaderTableSpecific<PhdrType>() {}
  ~ProgramHeaderTableSpecific<PhdrType>() {}

  bool Initialize(const ProcessMemoryRange& memory,
                  LinuxVMAddress address,
                  LinuxVMSize num_segments) {
    INITIALIZATION_STATE_SET_INITIALIZING(initialized_);
    table_.resize(num_segments);
    if (!memory.Read(address, sizeof(PhdrType) * num_segments, table_.data())) {
      return false;
    }

    if (!VerifyLoadSegments()) {
      return false;
    }

    INITIALIZATION_STATE_SET_VALID(initialized_);
    return true;
  }

  bool VerifyLoadSegments() const override {
    constexpr bool is_64_bit = std::is_same<PhdrType, Elf64_Phdr>::value;
    LinuxVMAddress last_vaddr;
    bool load_found = false;
    for (const auto& header : table_) {
      if (header.p_type == PT_LOAD) {
        CheckedLinuxAddressRange load_range(
            is_64_bit, header.p_vaddr, header.p_memsz);

        if (!load_range.IsValid()) {
          LOG(ERROR) << "bad load range";
          return false;
        }

        if (load_found && header.p_vaddr <= last_vaddr) {
          LOG(ERROR) << "out of order load segments";
          return false;
        }
        load_found = true;
        last_vaddr = header.p_vaddr;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  size_t Size() const override { return sizeof(PhdrType) * table_.size(); }

  bool GetPreferredElfHeaderAddress(LinuxVMAddress* address) const override {
    INITIALIZATION_STATE_DCHECK_VALID(initialized_);
    for (const auto& header : table_) {
      if (header.p_type == PT_LOAD && header.p_offset == 0) {
        *address = header.p_vaddr;
        return true;
      }
    }
    LOG(ERROR) << "no preferred header address";
    return false;
  }

  bool GetPreferredLoadedMemoryRange(LinuxVMAddress* base,
                                     LinuxVMSize* size) const override {
    INITIALIZATION_STATE_DCHECK_VALID(initialized_);

    LinuxVMAddress preferred_base = 0;
    LinuxVMAddress preferred_end = 0;
    bool load_found = false;
    for (const auto& header : table_) {
      if (header.p_type == PT_LOAD) {
        if (!load_found) {
          preferred_base = header.p_vaddr;
          load_found = true;
        }
        preferred_end = header.p_vaddr + header.p_memsz;
      }
    }
    if (load_found) {
      *base = preferred_base;
      *size = preferred_end - preferred_base;
      return true;
    }
    LOG(ERROR) << "no load segments";
    return false;
  }

  bool GetDynamicSegment(LinuxVMAddress* address,
                         LinuxVMSize* size) const override {
    INITIALIZATION_STATE_DCHECK_VALID(initialized_);
    const PhdrType* phdr;
    if (!GetProgramHeader(PT_DYNAMIC, &phdr)) {
      return false;
    }
    *address = phdr->p_vaddr;
    *size = phdr->p_memsz;
    return true;
  }

  bool GetProgramHeader(uint32_t type, const PhdrType** header_out) const {
    INITIALIZATION_STATE_DCHECK_VALID(initialized_);
    for (const auto& header : table_) {
      if (header.p_type == type) {
        *header_out = &header;
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

 private:
  std::vector<PhdrType> table_;
  InitializationStateDcheck initialized_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ProgramHeaderTableSpecific<PhdrType>);
};

ElfImageReader::ElfImageReader()
    : header_64_(),
      ehdr_address_(0),
      load_bias_(0),
      memory_(),
      program_headers_(),
      dynamic_array_(),
      symbol_table_(),
      initialized_(),
      dynamic_array_initialized_(),
      symbol_table_initialized_() {}

ElfImageReader::~ElfImageReader() {}

bool ElfImageReader::Initialize(const ProcessMemoryRange& memory,
                                LinuxVMAddress address) {
  INITIALIZATION_STATE_SET_INITIALIZING(initialized_);
  ehdr_address_ = address;
  if (!memory_.Initialize(memory)) {
    return false;
  }

  uint8_t e_ident[EI_NIDENT];
  if (!memory_.Read(ehdr_address_, EI_NIDENT, e_ident)) {
    return false;
  }

  if (e_ident[EI_MAG0] != ELFMAG0 || e_ident[EI_MAG1] != ELFMAG1 ||
      e_ident[EI_MAG2] != ELFMAG2 || e_ident[EI_MAG3] != ELFMAG3) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Incorrect ELF magic number";
    return false;
  }

  if (!(memory_.Is64Bit() && e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS64) &&
      !(!memory_.Is64Bit() && e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS32)) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "unexpected bitness";
    return false;
  }

#if defined(ARCH_CPU_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
  constexpr uint8_t expected_encoding = ELFDATA2LSB;
#elif defined(ARCH_CPU_BIG_ENDIAN)
  constexpr uint8_t expected_encoding = ELFDATA2MSB;
#endif
  if (e_ident[EI_DATA] != expected_encoding) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "unexpected encoding";
    return false;
  }

  if (e_ident[EI_VERSION] != EV_CURRENT) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "unexpected version";
    return false;
  }

  if (!(memory_.Is64Bit()
            ? memory_.Read(ehdr_address_, sizeof(header_64_), &header_64_)
            : memory_.Read(ehdr_address_, sizeof(header_32_), &header_32_))) {
    return false;
  }

#define VERIFY_HEADER(header)                                  \
  do {                                                         \
    if (header.e_type != ET_EXEC && header.e_type != ET_DYN) { \
      LOG(ERROR) << "unexpected image type";                   \
      return false;                                            \
    }                                                          \
    if (header.e_version != EV_CURRENT) {                      \
      LOG(ERROR) << "unexpected version";                      \
      return false;                                            \
    }                                                          \
    if (header.e_ehsize != sizeof(header)) {                   \
      LOG(ERROR) << "unexpected header size";                  \
      return false;                                            \
    }                                                          \
  } while (false);

  if (memory_.Is64Bit()) {
    VERIFY_HEADER(header_64_);
  } else {
    VERIFY_HEADER(header_32_);
  }

  if (!InitializeProgramHeaders()) {
    return false;
  }

  LinuxVMAddress preferred_ehdr_address;
  if (!program_headers_.get()->GetPreferredElfHeaderAddress(
          &preferred_ehdr_address)) {
    return false;
  }
  load_bias_ = ehdr_address_ - preferred_ehdr_address;

  LinuxVMAddress base_address;
  LinuxVMSize loaded_size;
  if (!program_headers_.get()->GetPreferredLoadedMemoryRange(&base_address,
                                                             &loaded_size)) {
    return false;
  }
  base_address += load_bias_;

  if (!memory_.RestrictRange(base_address, loaded_size)) {
    return false;
  }

  LinuxVMSize ehdr_size;
  LinuxVMAddress phdr_address;
  if (memory_.Is64Bit()) {
    ehdr_size = sizeof(header_64_);
    phdr_address = ehdr_address_ + header_64_.e_phoff;
  } else {
    ehdr_size = sizeof(header_32_);
    phdr_address = ehdr_address_ + header_32_.e_phoff;
  }

  CheckedLinuxAddressRange range(memory_.Is64Bit(), base_address, loaded_size);
  if (!range.ContainsRange(CheckedLinuxAddressRange(
          memory_.Is64Bit(), ehdr_address_, ehdr_size))) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "ehdr out of range";
    return false;
  }
  if (!range.ContainsRange(CheckedLinuxAddressRange(
          memory.Is64Bit(), phdr_address, program_headers_->Size()))) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "phdrs out of range";
    return false;
  }

  INITIALIZATION_STATE_SET_VALID(initialized_);
  return true;
}

uint16_t ElfImageReader::FileType() const {
  INITIALIZATION_STATE_DCHECK_VALID(initialized_);
  return memory_.Is64Bit() ? header_64_.e_type : header_32_.e_type;
}

bool ElfImageReader::GetDynamicSymbol(const std::string& name,
                                      LinuxVMAddress* address,
                                      LinuxVMSize* size) {
  INITIALIZATION_STATE_DCHECK_VALID(initialized_);
  if (!InitializeDynamicSymbolTable()) {
    return false;
  }

  ElfSymbolTableReader::SymbolInformation info;
  if (!symbol_table_->GetSymbol(name, &info)) {
    return false;
  }
  if (info.shndx == SHN_UNDEF || info.shndx == SHN_COMMON) {
    return false;
  }

  switch (info.binding) {
    case STB_GLOBAL:
    case STB_WEAK:
      break;

    case STB_LOCAL:
    default:
      return false;
  }

  switch (info.type) {
    case STT_OBJECT:
    case STT_FUNC:
      break;

    case STT_COMMON:
    case STT_NOTYPE:
    case STT_SECTION:
    case STT_FILE:
    case STT_TLS:
    default:
      return false;
  }

  if (info.shndx != SHN_ABS) {
    info.address += GetLoadBias();
  }

  *address = info.address;
  *size = info.size;
  return true;
}

bool ElfImageReader::ReadDynamicStringTableAtOffset(LinuxVMSize offset,
                                                    std::string* string) {
  INITIALIZATION_STATE_DCHECK_VALID(initialized_);
  if (!InitializeDynamicArray()) {
    return false;
  }

  LinuxVMAddress string_table_address;
  LinuxVMSize string_table_size;
  if (!GetAddressFromDynamicArray(DT_STRTAB, &string_table_address) ||
      !dynamic_array_->GetValue(DT_STRSZ, &string_table_size)) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "missing string table info";
    return false;
  }
  if (offset >= string_table_size) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "bad offset";
    return false;
  }

  if (!memory_.ReadCStringSizeLimited(
          string_table_address + offset, string_table_size - offset, string)) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "missing nul-terminator";
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

bool ElfImageReader::GetDebugAddress(LinuxVMAddress* debug) {
  INITIALIZATION_STATE_DCHECK_VALID(initialized_);
  if (!InitializeDynamicArray()) {
    return false;
  }
  return GetAddressFromDynamicArray(DT_DEBUG, debug);
}

bool ElfImageReader::InitializeProgramHeaders() {
#define INITIALIZE_PROGRAM_HEADERS(PhdrType, header)                    \
  do {                                                                  \
    if (header.e_phentsize != sizeof(PhdrType)) {                       \
      LOG(ERROR) << "unexpected phdr size";                             \
      return false;                                                     \
    }                                                                   \
    auto phdrs = new ProgramHeaderTableSpecific<PhdrType>();            \
    program_headers_.reset(phdrs);                                      \
    if (!phdrs->Initialize(                                             \
            memory_, ehdr_address_ + header.e_phoff, header.e_phnum)) { \
      return false;                                                     \
    }                                                                   \
  } while (false);

  if (memory_.Is64Bit()) {
    INITIALIZE_PROGRAM_HEADERS(Elf64_Phdr, header_64_);
  } else {
    INITIALIZE_PROGRAM_HEADERS(Elf32_Phdr, header_32_);
  }
  return true;
}

bool ElfImageReader::InitializeDynamicArray() {
  if (dynamic_array_initialized_.is_valid()) {
    return true;
  }
  if (!dynamic_array_initialized_.is_uninitialized()) {
    return false;
  }
  dynamic_array_initialized_.set_invalid();

  LinuxVMAddress dyn_segment_address;
  LinuxVMSize dyn_segment_size;
  if (!program_headers_.get()->GetDynamicSegment(&dyn_segment_address,
                                                 &dyn_segment_size)) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "no dynamic segment";
    return false;
  }
  dyn_segment_address += GetLoadBias();

  dynamic_array_.reset(new ElfDynamicArrayReader());
  if (!dynamic_array_->Initialize(
          memory_, dyn_segment_address, dyn_segment_size)) {
    return false;
  }
  dynamic_array_initialized_.set_valid();
  return true;
}

bool ElfImageReader::InitializeDynamicSymbolTable() {
  if (symbol_table_initialized_.is_valid()) {
    return true;
  }
  if (!symbol_table_initialized_.is_uninitialized()) {
    return false;
  }
  symbol_table_initialized_.set_invalid();

  if (!InitializeDynamicArray()) {
    return false;
  }

  LinuxVMAddress symbol_table_address;
  if (!GetAddressFromDynamicArray(DT_SYMTAB, &symbol_table_address)) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "no symbol table";
    return false;
  }

  symbol_table_.reset(
      new ElfSymbolTableReader(&memory_, this, symbol_table_address));
  symbol_table_initialized_.set_valid();
  return true;
}

bool ElfImageReader::GetAddressFromDynamicArray(uint64_t tag,
                                                LinuxVMAddress* address) {
  if (!dynamic_array_->GetValue(tag, address)) {
    return false;
  }
#if defined(OS_ANDROID)
  // The GNU loader updates the dynamic array according to the load bias while
  // the Android loader only updates the debug address.
  if (tag != DT_DEBUG) {
    *address += GetLoadBias();
  }
#endif  // OS_ANDROID
  return true;
}

}  // namespace crashpad